# Michell solution: Wikis

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# Encyclopedia

Updated live from Wikipedia, last check: May 25, 2013 06:53 UTC (49 seconds ago)

The Michell solution is a general solution to the elasticity equations in polar coordinates ($r, \theta \,$). The solution is such that the stress components are in the form of a Fourier series in $\theta \,$.

Michell[1] showed that the general solution can be expressed in terms of an Airy stress function of the form

\begin{align} \varphi &= A_0~r^2 + B_0~r^2~\ln(r) + C_0~\ln(r) + D_0~\theta \ & + \left(A_1~r + B_1~r^{-1} + B_1^{'}~r~\theta + C_1~r^3 + D_1~r~\ln(r)\right) \cos\theta \ & + \left(E_1~r + F_1~r^{-1} + F_1^{'}~r~\theta + G_1~r^3 + H_1~r~\ln(r)\right) \sin\theta \ & + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \left(A_n~r^n + B_n~r^{-n} + C_n~r^{n+2} + D_n~r^{-n+2}\right)\cos(n\theta) \ & + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \left(E_n~r^n + F_n~r^{-n} + G_n~r^{n+2} + H_n~r^{-n+2}\right)\sin(n\theta) \end{align}

The terms $A_1~r~\cos\theta\,$ and $E_1~r~\sin\theta\,$ define a trivial null state of stress and are ignored.

## Stress components

The stress components can be obtained by substituting the Michell solution into the equations for stress in terms of the Airy stress function (in cylindrical coordinates). A table of stress components is shown below [from J. R. Barber (2002) [2]].

$\varphi$ $\sigma_{rr}\,$ $\sigma_{r\theta}\,$ $\sigma_{\theta\theta}\,$
$r^2\,$ 2 0 2
$r^2~\ln r$ $2~\ln r + 1$ 0 $2~\ln r + 3$
$\ln r\,$ $r^{-2}\,$ 0 $-r^{-2}\,$
$\theta\,$ 0 $r^{-2}\,$ 0
$r^3~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r~\sin\theta \,$ $6~r~\cos\theta \,$
$r\theta~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ 0 0
$r~\ln r~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^3~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r~\sin\theta \,$ $-2~r~\cos\theta \,$ $6~r~\sin\theta \,$
$r\theta~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ 0 0
$r~\ln r~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $-r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^{n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\cos(n\theta \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+2)(n-1)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta)\,$ $(n-1)(n-2)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta)$
$r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\sin(n\theta \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+2)(n-1)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta)\,$ $(n-1)(n-2)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta)$
$r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$

## Displacement components

Displacements (ur,uθ) can be obtained from the Michell solution by using the stress-strain and strain-displacement relations. A table of displacement components corresponding the the terms in the Airy stress function for the Michell solution is given below. In this table

$\kappa = \begin{cases} 3 - 4~\nu & \rm{for~plane~strain} \ \cfrac{3 - \nu}{1 + \nu} & \rm{for~plane~stress} \ \end{cases}$

where ν is the Poisson's ratio, and μ is the shear modulus.

$\varphi$ $2~\mu~u_r\,$ $2~\mu~u_\theta\,$
$r^2\,$ $(\kappa-1)~r$ 0
$r^2~\ln r$ $(\kappa-1)~r~\ln r - r$ $(\kappa + 1)~r~\theta$
$\ln r\,$ $-r^{-1}\,$ 0
$\theta\,$ 0 $-r^{-1}\,$
$r^3~\cos\theta \,$ $(\kappa-2)~r^2~\cos\theta \,$ $(\kappa+2)~r^2~\sin\theta \,$
$r\theta~\cos\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\cos\theta + \{1 - (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta]\,$ $-\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\sin\theta + \{1 + (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta]\,$
$r~\ln r~\cos\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\sin\theta - \{1 - (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta] \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\cos\theta - \{1 + (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta] \,$
$r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^3~\sin\theta \,$ $(\kappa-2)~r^2~\sin\theta \,$ $-(\kappa+2)~r^2~\cos\theta \,$
$r\theta~\sin\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\sin\theta - \{1 - (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta]\,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\cos\theta - \{1 + (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta]\,$
$r~\ln r~\sin\theta \,$ $-\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\cos\theta + \{1 - (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta] \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\sin\theta + \{1 + (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta] \,$
$r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\sin\theta \,$ $-r^{-2}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^{n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n-1)~r^{n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n+1)~r^{n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n-1)~r^{-n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(\kappa-n+1)~r^{-n+1}~\sin(n\theta)\,$
$r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{-n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(~r^{-n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n-1)~r^{n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(\kappa+n+1)~r^{n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n-1)~r^{-n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n+1)~r^{-n+1}~\cos(n\theta)\,$
$r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{-n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{-n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$

Note that you can superpose a rigid body displacement on the Michell solution of the form

\begin{align} u_r &= A~\cos\theta + B~\sin\theta \ u_\theta &= -A~\sin\theta + B~\cos\theta + C~r\ \end{align}

to obtain an admissible displacement field.

## References

1. ^ Michell, J. H. (1899-04-01). "On the direct determination of stress in an elastic solid, with application to the theory of plates". Proc. London Math. Soc. 31 (1): 100–124. doi:10.1112/plms/s1-31.1.100. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
2. ^ J. R. Barber, 2002, Elasticity: 2nd Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

# Study guide

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

### From Wikiversity

The Michell solution is a general solution to the elasticity equations in polar coordinates ($r, \theta \,$). The solution is such that the stress components are in the form of a Fourier series in $\theta \,$.

Michell[1] showed that the general solution can be expressed in terms of an Airy stress function of the form

\begin{align} \varphi &= A_0~r^2 + B_0~r^2~\ln(r) + C_0~\ln(r) + D_0~\theta \ & + \left(A_1~r + B_1~r^{-1} + B_1^{'}~r~\theta + C_1~r^3 + D_1~r~\ln(r)\right) \cos\theta \ & + \left(E_1~r + F_1~r^{-1} + F_1^{'}~r~\theta + G_1~r^3 + H_1~r~\ln(r)\right) \sin\theta \ & + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \left(A_n~r^n + B_n~r^{-n} + C_n~r^{n+2} + D_n~r^{-n+2}\right)\cos(n\theta) \ & + \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \left(E_n~r^n + F_n~r^{-n} + G_n~r^{n+2} + H_n~r^{-n+2}\right)\sin(n\theta) \end{align}

The terms $A_1~r~\cos\theta\,$ and $E_1~r~\sin\theta\,$ define a trivial null state of stress and are ignored.

## Stress components

The stress components can be obtained by substituting the Michell solution into the equations for stress in terms of the Airy stress function (in cylindrical coordinates). A table of stress components is shown below [from J. R. Barber (2002) [2]].

$\varphi$ $\sigma_{rr}\,$ $\sigma_{r\theta}\,$ $\sigma_{\theta\theta}\,$
$r^2\,$ 2 0 2
$r^2~\ln r$ $2~\ln r + 1$ 0 $2~\ln r + 3$
$\ln r\,$ $r^{-2}\,$ 0 $-r^{-2}\,$
$\theta\,$ 0 $r^{-2}\,$ 0
$r^3~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r~\sin\theta \,$ $6~r~\cos\theta \,$
$r\theta~\cos\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ 0 0
$r~\ln r~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^3~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r~\sin\theta \,$ $-2~r~\cos\theta \,$ $6~r~\sin\theta \,$
$r\theta~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ 0 0
$r~\ln r~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $-r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $-2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\cos\theta \,$ $2~r^{-3}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^{n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\cos(n\theta \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+2)(n-1)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta)\,$ $(n-1)(n-2)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta)$
$r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(n+1)(n+2)~r^n~\sin(n\theta \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(n+2)(n-1)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta)\,$ $(n-1)(n-2)~r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta)$
$r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n-1)~r^{n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(n+1)~r^{-n-2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$

## Displacement components

Displacements can be obtained from the Michell solution by using the stress-strain and strain-displacement relations. A table of displacement components corresponding the the terms in the Airy stress function for the Michell solution is given below. In this table

$\kappa = \begin{cases} 3 - 4~\nu & \rm{for~plane~strain} \ \cfrac{3 - \nu}{1 + \nu} & \rm{for~plane~stress} \ \end{cases}$
$\varphi$ $2~\mu~u_r\,$ $2~\mu~u_\theta\,$
$r^2\,$ $(\kappa-1)~r$ 0
$r^2~\ln r$ $(\kappa-1)~r~\ln r - r$ $(\kappa + 1)~r~\theta$
$\ln r\,$ $-r^{-1}\,$ 0
$\theta\,$ 0 $-r^{-1}\,$
$r^3~\cos\theta \,$ $(\kappa-2)~r^2~\cos\theta \,$ $(\kappa+2)~r^2~\sin\theta \,$
$r\theta~\cos\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\cos\theta + \{1 - (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta]\,$ $-\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\sin\theta + \{1 + (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta]\,$
$r~\ln r~\cos\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\sin\theta - \{1 - (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta] \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\cos\theta - \{1 + (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta] \,$
$r^{-1}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\cos\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\sin\theta \,$
$r^3~\sin\theta \,$ $(\kappa-2)~r^2~\sin\theta \,$ $-(\kappa+2)~r^2~\cos\theta \,$
$r\theta~\sin\theta \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\sin\theta - \{1 - (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta]\,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa-1) \theta~\cos\theta - \{1 + (\kappa+1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta]\,$
$r~\ln r~\sin\theta \,$ $-\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\cos\theta + \{1 - (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\sin\theta] \,$ $\frac{1}{2}[(\kappa+1) \theta~\sin\theta + \{1 + (\kappa-1) \ln r\} ~\cos\theta] \,$
$r^{-1}~\sin\theta \,$ $r^{-2}~\sin\theta \,$ $-r^{-2}~\cos\theta \,$
$r^{n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n-1)~r^{n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n+1)~r^{n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n-1)~r^{-n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-(\kappa-n+1)~r^{-n+1}~\sin(n\theta)\,$
$r^n~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{-n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$ $n(~r^{-n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$
$r^{n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n-1)~r^{n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-(\kappa+n+1)~r^{n+1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n+2}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa+n-1)~r^{-n+1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $(\kappa-n+1)~r^{-n+1}~\cos(n\theta)\,$
$r^n~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$
$r^{-n}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $n~r^{-n-1}~\sin(n\theta) \,$ $-n~r^{-n-1}~\cos(n\theta) \,$

Note that you can superpose a rigid body displacement on the Michell solution of the form

\begin{align} u_r &= A~\cos\theta + B~\sin\theta \ u_\theta &= -A~\sin\theta + B~\cos\theta + C~r\ \end{align}

to obtain an admissible displacement field.

## References

1. J. H. Michell, 1899, On the direct determination of stress in an elastic solid, with application to the theory of plates, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 31, pages 100-124.
2. J. R. Barber, 2002, Elasticity: 2nd Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers.