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For small modern computers, see Small form factor, nettop, etc.
.
The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computer of all time.^ If you spend just as much time on the road going to meetings as you do at your home office, it pays to consider all the available computer equipment options for you and your business.
  • Computer Hardware & Services | Internet User Guide 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.internetuserguide.com [Source type: General]

 ^ I'm afraid the small world phenomena will mean all we see on our small screens are the most popular and most profitable items because that's all that can fit.
  • iPhone: The New Personal Computer 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.readwriteweb.com [Source type: General]

 ^ For the first time, an established company with extensive distribution channels would be selling a microcomputer.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 [1]
.A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit.^ Computer hardware - - Central processing unit .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Central processing unit - - Main memory .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ CPU: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the workspace or the "brain" of the computer.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers. .Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).^ If the term PC is taken for what it is - personal computing - the iPhone is simply breaking into the mainstream what many have been doing for sometime.
  • iPhone: The New Personal Computer 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.readwriteweb.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Many people think that the browser is starting to replace the operating system as the center of the personal computer.
  • Panasonic Computer | PERSONAL COMPUTER - CF50BB2HUDM - Personafile 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC personafile.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In the IS&T and SPIE 98 conference the author 1 reported a study dealing with designing a data generation and visualization system either using personal computers or Unix workstations.
  • Personal Computer-Base Scientific Visualization System 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.futurevisions.net [Source type: Reference]

 [2][3]
.The abbreviation "micro" was common during the 1970s and 1980s,[4] but has now fallen out of common usage.^ A common CRM task during the Holiday Season is to send out personalized Email greetings with images to customers.

Contents

Origins

.The term "Microcomputer" came into popular use after the introduction of the minicomputer, although Isaac Asimov used the term microcomputer in his short story "The Dying Night" as early as 1956 (published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in July that year).^ For instance, while Altair and the other microcomputer start-ups ran advertisements in technical journals, Apple ran an early colour ad in Playboy magazine.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Announced on Saturday night (January 9th), the first Alpha release of the upcoming Mandriva Linux 2010.1 Linux distribution, due for launch in early July this year, is now available on mir...
  • Free Downloads Encyclopedia - Softpedia 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC softpedia.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Even a year is short term, especially for windows, which doesn't changes of version every year.
  • Windows Vista - 6 Month Vulnerability Report 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC blogs.csoonline.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Most notably, the microcomputer replaced the many separate components that made up the minicomputer's CPU with a single integrated microprocessor chip.^ Yes, there are cheaper Intel machines, but they vary in internal chip sets within a single model (making corporate support extremely difficult and expensive), and are made with cheaper components, and larger form factors.
  • A Different Kind of Personal Computer ~ Chris Pirillo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC chris.pirillo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Tandy started selling its computers in greater volumes than most of the microcomputer start-ups, except for one.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ This is a single click with the right-side mouse button and is used most often to bring up a menu of options related to the object on which you clicked.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The earliest models often sold as kits to be assembled by the user, and came with as little as 256 bytes of RAM, and no input/output devices other than indicator lights and switches, useful as a proof of concept to demonstrate what such a simple device could do.^ Other debuggers than gdb can be used.
  • R for Windows FAQ 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC cran.r-project.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I have no opinions other than jobs'.
  • Maclive.net:: Windows Vista: First of a Kind Features? 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.maclive.net [Source type: General]

 ^ Ranging from minor nuisance to major disasters viri are often very clever (some better written than others) self replicating programs.
  • Windows 95 FAQ - How Do I...? 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.glencove.com [Source type: General]
However, as microprocessors and semiconductor memory became less expensive, microcomputers in turn grew cheaper and easier to use:
.
  • Increasingly inexpensive logic chips such as the 7400 series allowed cheap dedicated circuitry for improved user interfaces such as keyboard input, instead of simply a row of switches to toggle bits one at a time.
  • Use of audio cassettes for inexpensive data storage replaced manual re-entry of a program every time the device was powered on.
  • Large cheap arrays of silicon logic gates in the form of Read-only memory and EPROMs allowed utility programs and self-booting kernels to be stored within microcomputers.^ Storage: Disks and Disk Drives allow you to store data so that you can use it later.
    • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ A free and useful utility that allows ...
    • Free Downloads Encyclopedia - Softpedia 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC softpedia.com [Source type: General]

     ^ In time the device will you read from will be irrelevant.
    • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
    • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

     .These stored programs could automatically load further more complex software from external storage devices without user intervention, to form an inexpensive turnkey system that does not require a computer expert to understand or to use the device.
  • Random access memory became cheap enough to afford dedicating approximately 1-2 kilobytes of memory to a video display controller frame buffer, for a 40x25 or 80x25 text display or blocky color graphics on a common household television.^ Disks are used to store programs and data.
    • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Computer systems use disk drives to read information from or to store information.
    • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Users of a computer system have the same expectation.
    • Performance Tuning Windows NT 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www2.slac.stanford.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     This replaced the slow, complex, and expensive teletypewriter that was previously common as an interface to minicomputers and mainframes.
.All these improvements in cost and usability resulted in an explosion in their popularity during the late 1970s and early 1980s.^ The combination of CP/M and S-100 bus computers becomes an early "industry standard" for microcomputers, and is widely used through the late 1970s and into the mid-80s.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]
.A large number of computer manufacturers packaged microcomputers for use in small business applications.^ Computers are now being used for numerous large commercial applications.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ I'm retired and have a small computer repair business, as a hobby.
  • Microsoft Explains Windows Vista Name | Betanews 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC www.betanews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Windows Azure XDrive – This allows your Windows Azure compute applications running in our cloud to use the existing NTFS APIs to store their data in a durable drive.
  • Windows Azure 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC blogs.msdn.com [Source type: General]

 .By 1979, many companies such as Cromemco, Processor Technology, IMSAI, Northstar, Southwest Technical Products Corporation, Ohio Scientific, Altos, Morrow Designs and others produced systems designed either for a resourceful end user or consulting firm to deliver business systems such as accounting, database management, and word processing to small businesses.^ Companies such as Cisco Systems Inc.
  • Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 versus UNIX 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.lege.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ With support for the OpenGL graphics standard, this operating system helped power high-end applications for software development, engineering, financial analysis, scientific, and business-critical tasks – Microsoft .
  • Evolution of Microsoft Windows: 1985 – 2009 | Tools 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC www.hongkiat.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All promotional photographs and advertising material, corporate names and logos, product names, trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners, and are acknowledged as such.
  • Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack and Hotfixes 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC nt4ref.zcm.com.au [Source type: Academic]

 .This allowed businesses unable to afford leasing of a minicomputer or time-sharing service the opportunity to automate business functions, without (usually) hiring a full-time staff to operate the computers.^ The IBM 360 - - Time-sharing and minicomputers .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It’s a great opportunity to expand your services and create new revenue opportunities for their business while enabling their customers to get the most out of their IT expenditures during these difficult times.

 ^ Some portable computers (such as the IBM ThinkPad®) automatically suspend operation after a specified time-out interval, or when the cover is closed.

 .A representative system of this era would have used an S100 bus, an 8-bit processor such as a Intel 8080 or Zilog Z80, and either CP/M or MP/M operating system.^ Digital Research debuts the CP/M operating system, the first standard operating system for the Intel 8080.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Bit Operating system .
  • Windows 7 News 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC windows7news.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Sky Broadcasting Teams up with Microsoft and Windows 7 Media Player | Windows 7 News 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC windows7news.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Windows 7 Release Date | Windows 7 News 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC windows7news.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It uses Linux as the underlying operating system.
.The increasing availability and power of desktop computers for personal use attracted the attention of more software developers.^ Computer software - - Business and personal software .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Application software - - The personal computer .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ They looked like personal computers, and they sat on a single desktop and were used by a single individual just like personal computers, but they were distinguished by being more powerful and expensive, by having more complex architectures that spread the computational load over more than one CPU chip, by usually running the UNIX operating system, and by being targeted to scientists and engineers, software and chip designers, graphic artists, moviemakers, and others needing high performance.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 .As time went on and the industry matured, the market for personal (micro)computers standardized around IBM PC compatibles running MS-DOS (and later Windows).^ The Company targets the personal computer (PC) market and the...
  • Personal Computers & Peripherals Information | ZoomInfo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.zoominfo.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The first personal computer (PC), the Linc.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ PC stands for “Personal Computer”.
  • Is a Mac a PC? ~ Chris Pirillo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC chris.pirillo.com [Source type: General]
.Modern desktop computers, video game consoles, laptops, tablet PCs, and many types of handheld devices, including mobile phones and pocket calculators, as well as industrial embedded systems, may all be considered examples of microcomputers according to the definition given above.^ Windows CE is also used on many Pocket PCs and Smart Phones.
  • Windows - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC en.wikibooks.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Game consoles are still walled gardens / embedded devices.
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Mobile computing devices .
  • Personal Computers & Peripherals Information | ZoomInfo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.zoominfo.com [Source type: Reference]

Colloquial use of the term

.Everyday use of the expression "microcomputer" (and in particular the "micro" abbreviation) has declined significantly from the mid-1980s onwards, and is no longer commonplace.^ Now I need to use Windows NT Workstation 4.0 again, and the dual-boot menu no longer appears.

 ^ Note that dragging a folder to the desktop using Windows NT Explorer has no particular advantage over just dragging it to the desktop.

 ^ No longer can we allow a currency design to stay in use for 40 or 50, or, in our case, 70 years.
  • Counterfeiting Using Personal Computers 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC commdocs.house.gov [Source type: Original source]

 .It is most commonly associated with the first wave of all-in-one 8-bit home computers and small business microcomputers (such as the Apple II, Commodore 64, BBC Micro, and TRS 80).^ As a Kid, these were the 3 computers (with the Commodore 64) that influenced me the most.
  • Dawn of the Personal Computer: From Altair to the IBM PC - Page 4 | Maximum PC 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.maximumpc.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Radio shack releases the first TRS-80 ("Trash 80") home computer for $399.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ IBM dismisses the Apple II as too small to do any real computing.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 .Although—or perhaps because—an increasingly diverse range of modern microprocessor-based devices fit the definition of "microcomputer," they are no longer referred to as such in everyday speech.^ So no matter why they say they need such information, please never provide your credentials over e-mail, in IM, or on a forum.

 ^ I'll point out some of the shortcomings of the so called iPhonic device at these stage of innovation a company such as Apple calls itself..: * no threaded sms??
  • Apple Watch -iPhone- iPhone 3G: Windows 95, Only Better 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC blogs.eweek.com [Source type: General]

 ^ (No such workarounds are needed under Windows 95, 98, or Me, because DOS programs can be launched from hotkeys under those versions.
  • WPDOS - WP Under Windows NT, 2000, and XP 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.In common usage, "microcomputer" has been largely supplanted by the description "personal computer" or "PC," which describes that it has been designed to be used by one person at a time.^ The first personal computer (PC), the Linc.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Girl using a personal computer .
  • Personal computer Stock Photo Images. 14235 Personal computer royalty free pictures and photos available to download from over 100 stock photography brands. 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.fotosearch.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The personal pc reduced the market friction of using computers to do tasks.
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 .IBM first promoted the term "personal computer" to differentiate themselves from other microcomputers, often called "home computers", and also IBM's own mainframes and minicomputers.^ Minicomputers - The personal computer revolution .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The first personal computer (PC), the Linc.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It's the first major Microsoft partner program change in four years, and represents Microsoft's desire to help partners develop new skills and better differentiate themselves in the marketplace.
  • ActiveWin.com - The Most Activated Windows Resource 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC www.activewin.com [Source type: General]

 Unfortunately for IBM, the microcomputer itself was widely imitated, as well as the term. .The component parts were commonly available to manufacturers and the BIOS was reverse engineered through cleanroom design techniques.^ Solid arrows indicate a genetic relationship or very strong design influence (e.g., a later system with an API deliberately reverse-engineered to match an earlier one).
  • Operating-System Comparisons 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.catb.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .IBM PC compatible "clones" became commonplace, and the terms "Personal Computer," and especially "PC" stuck with the general public.^ PC stands for “Personal Computer”.
  • Is a Mac a PC? ~ Chris Pirillo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC chris.pirillo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ GHOST is designed to duplicate or clone disks for IBM compatible PCs.
  • Windows 95 FAQ - How Do I...? 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.glencove.com [Source type: General]

 ^ PC stands for ?personal computer,?
  • Is a Mac a PC? ~ Chris Pirillo 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC chris.pirillo.com [Source type: General]
.Since the advent of microcontrollers (monolithic integrated circuits containing RAM, ROM and CPU all onboard), the term "micro" is more commonly used to refer to that meaning.^ If ROM BIOS shadowing is not used, more RAM is available.
  • Performance Tuning Windows NT 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www2.slac.stanford.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Awards Usage of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use Copyright 2000-2010 5 Star Support All rights reserved.
  • Windows 95/98 Troubleshooting 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.5starsupport.com [Source type: General]

 ^ For example, MS-DOS uses the BIOS to write to the screen; therefore, with ROM BIOS shadowing, directory listings run more quickly.
  • Performance Tuning Windows NT 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www2.slac.stanford.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Description

.Monitors, keyboards and other devices for input and output may be integrated or separate.^ Keyboard, mouse, or other pointing device .
  • Deploying Windows XP Part I: Planning 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The keyboard and mouse are input devices and the printer and monitor are output devices.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It also provides graphics support for printers and other output devices.
  • Windows 95 Architecture Components 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 .Computer memory in the form of RAM, and at least one other less volatile, memory storage device are usually combined with the CPU on a system bus in a single unit.^ They looked like personal computers, and they sat on a single desktop and were used by a single individual just like personal computers, but they were distinguished by being more powerful and expensive, by having more complex architectures that spread the computational load over more than one CPU chip, by usually running the UNIX operating system, and by being targeted to scientists and engineers, software and chip designers, graphic artists, moviemakers, and others needing high performance.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The operating system only assigns RAM page frames to virtual memory pages that are in use.

 ^ System> Memory Unloading dll files instantly can cause system instability, conversely extra ram is always a good thing.
  • Windows - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC en.wikibooks.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Other devices that make up a complete microcomputer system include, batteries, a power supply unit, a keyboard and various input/output devices used to convey information to and from a human operator (printers, monitors, human interface devices) Microcomputers are designed to serve only a single user at a time, although they can often be modified with software or hardware to concurrently serve more than one user.^ Can I have more than one window open at a time?

 ^ Processing power is largely a function of computer hardware rather than of operating system.
  • Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 versus UNIX 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.lege.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The User component manages input from the keyboard, mouse, and other input devices and output to the user interface (windows, icons, menus, and so on).
  • Windows 95 Architecture Components 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 .Microcomputers fit well on or under desks or tables, so that they are within easy access of the user.^ Business project management software provides web-based access to comprehensive project management tools, helping users to collaborate on projects from wherever they are and it also helps companies to tailor their project management tools to fit the precise needs of their business with its easy-to-use administrative tools.
  • Dawn of the Personal Computer: From Altair to the IBM PC | Maximum PC 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.maximumpc.com [Source type: General]

 ^ If they have access to the machine with your password, you have bigger issues than what's left on the cache, they have rights to anything you have on the network and local machine as well.
  • Today @ PC World Google Desktop Search: Security Threat? 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC blogs.pcworld.com [Source type: General]

 ^ This allows technicians easy access to the client computer so they can make sure that the login scripts and environment operate correctly.
  • Deploying Windows XP Part I: Planning 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 .Bigger computers like minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers take up large cabinets or even a dedicated room.^ Limited to supercomputers and large corporations for the near future, when it comes to computing the near future seems to quickly become the immediate future.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Lee Felsenstein and The Computer Memory Project, Berkeley, California, take computer power to the streets and open up its first public terminal.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ People lined up for blocks outside computer stores (like Egghead) at midnight to get their copy of Microsoft's newest operating system.
  • 10 Years On: Windows 95 Remembered | Betanews 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.betanews.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.A microcomputer comes equipped with at least one type of data storage, usually RAM.^ And the ones who don’t, well, they usually overbuy and never come close to realizing what they have in front of them!
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Right-click the one you want to change, select Modify, and on the Value Data line of the resulting dialog box, type the correct information.

 ^ The coming age is definitely that of online data storage.
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 .Although some microcomputers (particularly early 8-bit home micros) perform tasks using RAM alone, some form of secondary storage is normally desirable.^ Windows 95 is designed to use 32-bit code wherever it significantly improves performance without sacrificing application compatibility.
  • Windows 95 Architecture Components 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ A simple test to determine if you need more RAM is to use you PC for a whole day without rebooting, then look at the Task Manager (Ctrl-Alt-Delete), Performance tab.

 ^ Autoexec.nt is used for the same kind of tasks formerly performed by Autoexec.bat (launching memory-resident programs, etc.
  • WPDOS - WP Under Windows NT, 2000, and XP 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In the early days of home micros, this was often a data cassette deck (in many cases as an external unit).^ However, there will be many cases when data need to be identifiable to be useful.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .Later, secondary storage (particularly in the form of floppy disk and hard disk drives) were built in to the microcomputer case itself.^ Built-in hard disks are not removable.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Floppy Disk: Floppy disks are a common form of storage that is portable.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Configures hard disk drives and volumes.
  • Windows XP Services - By Gene Goldring 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.beemerworld.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

History

A collection of early microcomputers, including a Processor Technology SOL-20 (top shelf, right), an MITS Altair 8800 (second shelf, left), a TV Typewriter (third shelf, center), and an Apple I in the case at far right.
.Although they contained no microprocessors but were built around TTL logic, Hewlett-Packard Calculators as far back as 1968 had various levels of programmability such that they could be called microcomputers.^ Computer Terms Computers: A Glance at History When we think of computers, we think of big name brands like Hewlett Packard, IBM, Dell, and Apple; but rarely do we think back to the computer's humble beginnings.
  • Personal Computers - Associated Content - Topic 18 September 2009 12:012 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

 ^ So no matter why they say they need such information, please never provide your credentials over e-mail, in IM, or on a forum.

 ^ When Hewlett-Packard, where he had an internship, declined to build his design, he shared his progress at a Homebrew meeting, where Jobs suggested that they could sell it together.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 .The HP 9100B (1968) had rudimentary conditional (IF) statements, statement line numbers, Jump statements (Go to), registers that could be used as variables, and primitive subroutines.^ The reality is that Microsoft could not have shipped Vista in November if real people were going to be using it en masse for real things right away.
  • Windows Vista - What's Next 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC blog.gartner.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Although the "capture" PC is indeed an HP PC, I suspect that I could have used a Mac there, too.
  • Special Report: Running Windows on a Mac with Parallels, Reports and Tips 17 September 2009 3:57 UTC www.macwindows.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Edit file name under cursor and jump to the line number following the file name.
  • Vim documentation: windows 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC vimdoc.sourceforge.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The programming language resembled Assembly language in many ways. .Later models incrementally added more features, including the BASIC programming language (HP 9830A in 1971).^ This added feature, along with avoiding and further dependence on other external programs makes this method a preferable method for doing calculations in your batch script.
  • Usage under Windows -- IM v6 Examples 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC www.imagemagick.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Summing it up, the features offered by a DOS batch file are still far below those offered by a real script or even programming language.
  • Usage under Windows -- IM v6 Examples 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC www.imagemagick.org [Source type: Reference]

 ^ In this case, a developer can use any language that's compliant with the Microsoft .NET Framework's Common Language Specification, including C#, Visual Basic, Microsoft C++, and others.
  • Introducing Microsoft Windows Workflow Foundation: An Early Look 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC msdn.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 Some models had tape storage and small printers. .However, displays were limited to a single line at a time.^ This can make the process of reading the thread dump more difficult, considering the limited number of displayable lines and the small size of the console (a DOS window).
  • JRun 4.0: Generating a thread dump on Windows 2000 or Windows NT 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC kb2.adobe.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Expands Windows "property" tabs to measure and display download speed, estimated times both for single and multiple file download.
  • Download Windows Xp 3 - Download Express 1.9 Vista Compatible, GoFetch!, DownloadX ActiveX Download Control Pro, MBizGroup Uploader 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC finaldownload.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The screen was divided into multiple windows, each able to display text—a single line or an entire document—or an image.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 .[1] The HP 9100A was referred to as a personal computer in an advertisement in a 1968 Science magazine[5] but that advertisement was quickly dropped.^ The term pc will no longer refer to personal computer as it transforms into Personal Content (stand by while I trademark that term and enter myself as the creator in Wikipedia).
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Macintosh was the first personal computer with a GUI to be marketed successfully because of it's more reasonable price and well planned advertising strategy.
  • Section 16: GUI and Personal Computers 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC design.osu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Other Sections▼ Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion References Results All of the 60 drives were from personal computers and ran the Windows operating system.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 [6] .It is suspected that HP was reluctant to call them "computers" because it would complicate government procurement and export procedures.^ Projects backed by the Japanese government promise so-called "fifth generation" computers - machines that can perform logical functions approaching human reasoning by harnessing multiprocessors.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Applications communicate with protected subsystems by using local procedure calls (LPC), an application-independent method of communication between components on the same computer.
  • Chapter 5 - Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Architecture 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ I am not politically liberal but when it comes to the Internet and personal computers I guess I would be called a libertarian.
.The Datapoint 2200, made by CTC in 1970, is perhaps the best candidate for the title of "first microcomputer". While it contains no microprocessor, it used the 4004 programming instruction set and its custom TTL logic was the basis for the Intel 8008, and for practical purposes the system behaves approximately as if it contains an 8008. This is because Intel was the contractor in charge of developing the Datapoint's CPU but ultimately CTC rejected the 8008 design because it needed 20 support chips.^ Note that, because the program is free, there is no support.

 ^ Tandy Corporation, best known for its chain of Radio Shack stores, had followed the development of MITS and decided to enter the market with its own TRS-80 microcomputer, which came with four kilobytes of memory, a Z80 microprocessor, a BASIC programming language, and cassettes for data storage.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ It explores operating systems and computer programming, en route to detailed training in software packages that are most commonly used in office environments.
  • Personal Computer Specialist - Stratford Career Institute | Directory of Schools 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.directoryofschools.com [Source type: Academic]

 [7]
.Another early system, the Kenbak-1, was released in 1971. Like the Datapoint 2200, it used discrete TTL logic instead of a microprocessor, but functioned like a microcomputer in most ways.^ Most people with disabilities require utilities with higher functionality for daily use.
  • Deploying Windows XP Part I: Planning 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ I'm happy to see that Mac features I like will be integrated into the OS I use most.
  • Maclive.net:: Windows Vista: First of a Kind Features? 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.maclive.net [Source type: General]

 ^ It was first released in 1978, was an important production operating system in the 1980s and early 1990s, and continued to be maintained when DEC was acquired by Compaq and Compaq was acquired by Hewlett-Packard.
  • Operating-System Comparisons 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.catb.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It was marketed as an educational and hobbyist tool, but was not a commercial success; production ceased shortly after introduction.^ After the great success of WINDOWS 3.0 Microsoft totally confuse the market and releases Windows NT, Windows 95, and a bunch of other Windows products.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 [2].
.In 1972 a Sacramento State University team led by Bill Pentz built the Sac State 8008 computer[8], capable of handling thousands of patients' medical records.^ Patients' consent preferences for research uses of information in electronic medical records: interview and survey data.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ See more articles cited in this paragraph Copy fees and patients' rights to obtain a copy of their medical records: from law to reality.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Woodward B. The computer-based patient record and confidentiality.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .The Sac State 8008 was designed with the Intel 8008 8-bit microprocessor.^ IBM announces the 32-bit Intel 80386 microprocessor (integrating 275,000 transistors) for its new line of machines.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Intel shocks the industry with the announcement of a new generation of microprocessor, the iAPX-432, a full 32-bit microprocessor with 32 bit I/O as well as an internal 32 bit architecture.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Intel introduces the 8008 microprocessor, the first 8-bit machine to hit the market.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 .It had a full full set of hardware and software components: a disk operating system included in a series of programmable read-only memory chips (PROMs); 8 Kilobytes of RAM; IBM's Basic Assembly Language (BAL); a hard drive; a color display; a printer output; a 150bps serial interface for connecting to a mainframe; and even the world's first microcomputer front panel.^ The operating system only assigns RAM page frames to virtual memory pages that are in use.

 ^ ROM (Read Only Memory) is contained in the hardware itself.
  • Web by Design: Introduction To Windows 95 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC www.iupui.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It already has a full operating system and plenty of memory.
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]
  • The Future of Personal Computing ? « blog maverick 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC www.blogmaverick.com [Source type: General]

 [9]
.Another system of note is the Micral-N, introduced in 1973 by a French company and powered by the 8008; it was the first microcomputer sold completely assembled and not as a construction kit.^ The company first introduced the concept in iTunes.
  • Microsoft Watch - Operating Systems - Cupertino, Start Your Copiers! 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.microsoft-watch.com [Source type: General]

 ^ GRID Systems Corp releases the first battery-powered portable computer.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Note: After completing step (2) you should perform this site's simple test to determine if expanded memory is actually enabled on your system.
  • WPDOS - WP Under Windows NT, 2000, and XP 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Virtually all early microcomputers were essentially boxes with lights and switches; one had to read and understand binary numbers and machine language to program and use them (the Datapoint 2200 was a striking exception, bearing a modern design based around a monitor, keyboard, and tape and disk drives).^ The program supports all the major languages.
  • SCHAFT MS Windows 9x and NT/XP Files 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.schaft.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Use the Tame program for faster keyboarding .
  • WPDOS - WP Under Windows NT, 2000, and XP 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ How will it read the disk (=thumb drive).
  • Quadboot: DOS 6.2/Win 3.11/Windows 95/Windows 7/Linux Mint 8... - Straight Dope Message Board 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC boards.straightdope.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Of the early "box of switches"-type microcomputers, the MITS Altair 8800 (1975) was arguably the most famous. .Most of these simple, early microcomputers were sold as electronic kits--bags full of loose components which the buyer had to solder together before the system could be used.^ I use most of them on my home systems.
  • SCHAFT MS Windows 9x and NT/XP Files 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC www.schaft.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Despite the criticism on stability and constantly being compared to their rivals Apple Macintosh , Microsoft Windows is still the most widely used operating systems in the world.
  • Evolution of Microsoft Windows: 1985 – 2009 | Tools 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC www.hongkiat.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Together, these routines can help ensure that your system is running clean and strong.
.The period from about 1971 to 1976 is sometimes called the first generation of microcomputers.^ These interfaces are sometimes called WIMP interfaces, after the first letters of the words w indow, i con, m enu, and p ointer.
  • Windows Shell Tutorial 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC www.horstmann.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Oh, but it is about that first 90-day period, so it is true.
  • Windows Vista - 6 Month Vulnerability Report 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC blogs.csoonline.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .These machines were for engineering development and hobbyist personal use.^ Whether the developers who create a workflow like it or not, the people who use automated business processes expect to be able to make these kinds of changes.
  • Introducing Microsoft Windows Workflow Foundation: An Early Look 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC msdn.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The TSA has recently announced a proposal to use these machines to screen airport passengers.
  • Crypto-Gram: June 15, 2005 16 September 2009 0:27 UTC www.schneier.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Personally though, none of these affect me and if I get the applications i want as an electrical engineer on the Mac, I may even consider buying one.
  • Maclive.net:: Windows Vista: First of a Kind Features? 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.maclive.net [Source type: General]

 .In 1975, the Processor Technology SOL-20 was designed, which consisted of a single board which included all the parts of the computer system.^ Computer design and technology - Computer history .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Additional Reading - Computer design and technology .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Extensibility refers to the modular design of Windows NT, which, as described in the next section, allows Microsoft to add new modules to all levels of the operating system.
  • Chapter 5 - Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Architecture 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 .The SOL-20 had built-in EPROM software which elimated the need for rows of switches and lights.^ CD burning software, too, needs to be watched for, because XP's built-in CD burning capabilities can cause problems.
  • Windows XP-Is it for you? 28 January 2010 2:10 UTC www.uninets.net [Source type: General]

 .The MITS Altair just mentioned played an instrumental role in sparking significant hobbyist interest, which itself eventually led to the founding and success of many well-known personal computer hardware and software companies, such as Microsoft and Apple Computer.^ Computer software - - Business and personal software .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ By 1980 the personal computer field was starting to interest the large computer companies.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Application software - - The personal computer .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 .Although the Altair itself was only a mild commercial success, it helped spark a huge industry.^ After their initial success, Jobs sought out the kind of help that other industry pioneers had shunned.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]
.1977 saw the introduction of the second generation, known as home computers.^ Fortune: IBM'S SECOND GO AT A HOME COMPUTER .
  • Personal Computers: News & Videos about Personal Computers - CNN.com 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC topics.cnn.com [Source type: News]
  • Personal Computers: News & Videos about Personal Computers - CNN.com 18 September 2009 12:012 UTC topics.cnn.com [Source type: News]

 .These were considerably easier to use than their predecessors, whose operation often demanded thorough familiarity with practical electronics.^ Came more than 5 years after it’s predecessor Windows XP, Vista is the longest timeline break for Microsoft between two operating system.
  • Evolution of Microsoft Windows: 1985 – 2009 | Tools 28 January 2010 1:29 UTC www.hongkiat.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Also, because all of these VxDs must be page-locked, this increases the working set used by the operating system.
  • Windows 95 Architecture Components 2 February 2010 19:019 UTC technet.microsoft.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Physicians' use of email with patients: factors influencing electronic communication and adherence to best practices.
  • An Evaluation of Personal Health Information Remnants in Second-Hand Personal Computer Disk Drives 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Source type: Academic]

 .The ability to connect to a monitor (screen) or TV set allowed for visual manipulation of text and numbers.^ Bach addressed Microsoft’s unique ability to deliver entertainment on virtually any screen that consumers commonly use today, including the PC, TV and mobile phone.

 ^ Now click Settings, click in the text entry box, and type the words I love NT Click OK. The screen saver will now display the word Good?

 ^ In Radio Electronics Magazine Don Lancaster publishes plans for a generalized TV Typewriter that will actually display letters and numbers on a television screen.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 .The BASIC programming language, which was easier to learn and use than raw machine language, became a standard feature.^ I learned to program in Basic and had a lot of fun with it.

 ^ (Note: The program in which you want to use the picture may offer better tools than Paint for cropping, cutting and reducing the image.

 ^ It can be used on any Windows Embedded Standard 2011 runtime that includes Dialog Box Filter or any Windows 7 machine.
  • Windows Embedded Standard (NT4e, XPe and beyond) 11 January 2010 6:35 UTC blogs.msdn.com [Source type: General]

 .These features were already common in minicomputers, which many hobbyists and early manufactures were familiar with.^ The Microsoft Office Word 2003 also comes with these common features.
  • Ms windows dpi slider wont move — Download OEM Software. 16 September 2009 0:27 UTC solarbus.org [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Many of its features are not found on its commercial competitor Windows NT due to the fact that Unix has been in constant development since it was invented in the early 1970's.
  • Replacing Windows NT Server with Linux 25 January 2010 16:016 UTC citnews.unl.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ However, you need to be aware that many of these keys are already assigned.
.1979 saw the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet (initially for the Apple II) that first turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a business tool.^ The first Apple computer.
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The Apple PC performs the first computer wedding.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Wendy Carlos turns a Moog computer into Bach fuges and preludes and releases Switched On Bach to rave reviews.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 .After the 1981 release by IBM of their IBM PC, the term Personal Computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture (PC compatible).^ The first personal computer (PC), the Linc.
  • AN INCOMPLETE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING Ver. 6.3 18 September 2009 9:09 UTC incomphist.blogspot.com [Source type: General]

 ^ IBM named its product the IBM Personal Computer, which quickly was shortened to the IBM PC .
  • computer :: The personal computer -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 13 January 2010 9:09 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ The IBM PC was introduced in 1981 to much fanfare in the computer industry.

References and footnotes

  1. ^ Kahney, Leander. "Grandiose Price for a Modest PC". Wired. Lycos. http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,60349-0.html. Retrieved 2006-10-25.  
  2. ^ . An early use of the term "personal computer" in 1962 predates microprocessor-based designs. (See "Personal Computer: Computers at Home" reference below). A "microcomputer" used as an embedded control system may have no human-readable input and output devices. "Personal computer" may be used generically or may denote an IBM PC compatible machine.
  3. ^ "Personal Computer: Computers at Home", Wikipedia article section. Version used dated 2006-11-04, retrieved 2006-11-07.
  4. ^ Proof of "micro" as a once-common term:
    (i) Direct reference: Jack Kibble-White, Jack "Stand by for a Data-Blast", Off the Telly. Article written December 2005, retrieved 2006-12-15.
    (ii) Usage in the titles of Christopher Evans' books "The Mighty Micro" (ISBN 0-340-25975-2) and "The Making of the Micro" (ISBN 0-575-02913-7). Other books include Usborne's "Understanding the Micro" (ISBN 0-86020-637-8), a children's guide to microcomputers.
  5. ^ http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/histnfacts/museum/personalsystems/0021/other/0021ad.pdf
  6. ^ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/issue_pdf/frontmatter_pdf/162/3852.pdf
  7. ^ MicroprocessorHistory
  8. ^ http://www.digibarn.com/stories/bill-pentz-story/index.html
  9. ^ http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-10429544-52.html

See also

Computer sizes
Classes of computers
Larger Cray-2
Micro
Mobile
Others

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 17, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Microsoft Windows, which are similar to those in the above article.








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