From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A
monkey is any cercopithecoid (
Old World
monkey) or platyrrhine (
New World monkey) primate.
.^ In a post-Darwinian world, all stories are stories about apes told by other apes—or at least primates.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Various species of apes (Greek pithekos , Latin simia ) were known in the ancient world and were occasionally trained and exhibited in theatrical performances.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The ape of the title is not any known species of ape, educated and socialized like Koko or the latest pygmy chimp phenom.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Burroughs uses the adventure of the two to force his readers to recognize the remarkable similarities between the two primate species as well as the crucial differences.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In ancient Egypt, apes (long-tailed monkeys and especially caped baboons) were viewed with great respect; Nubian tribes had to provide them as tribute, and it was said ...- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The New World monkeys are classified within the parvorder
Platyrrhini,
whereas the Old World monkeys (superfamily
Cercopithecoidea) form part of the
parvorder
Catarrhini,
which also includes the apes.
.^ [Charlton] Heston leads a group of surviving astronauts in shocking future world where apes are masters, humans, slaves.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The hunter pretends to rub glue into his own eyes, then hides; the monkey descends from the tree and, “aping” the hunter, glues its own eyes shut, and thus can be easily snared.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The bestiaries note that the monkey has no tail ( cauda )--an observation that is explained symbolically rather than scientifically: the devil resembles the monkey in that he has no scripture ( caudex , i.e., codex), and thus the ape/monkey symbolizes base forces, the devil in disguise.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Due to its size (up to 1 m/3 ft) the
Mandrill is often thought to
be an ape, but it is actually an Old World monkey. Also, a few
monkey species have the word "ape" in their common name.
Etymology
.^ The shareware version of APE may not be sold for any amount, except a media charge not to exceed $5 US, without my written permission.- THE ATARI PERIPHERAL EMULATOR USERS GUIDE 31 January 2010 12:13 UTC www.atarimax.com [Source type: General]
^ First appearing in Tarzan of the Apes (1914), this 20th-century folk hero is depicted as the son of an English nobleman, abandoned in Africa in his infancy.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
word Moneke may have been derived from the
Italian
monna, which means "a female ape". The name Moneke likely
persisted over time due to the popularity of
Reynard the
Fox.
.^ Most of it takes place in the prison and consists of endless soulful confrontation between Hopkins and Gooding.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The term 'monkey' covers all
platyrrhines
(flat, broad noses) and some
catarrhines (nostrils-downwards), but
excludes the
apes.
[1]
A group of monkeys may be referred to as a mission or a
tribe.
Characteristics
Monkeys range in size from the
Pygmy Marmoset, at 140 to 160
millimetres (5–6 in) long (plus tail) and 120 to 140 grams
(4–5 oz) in weight, to the male
Mandrill, almost 1 metre (3.3 ft)
long and weighing 35 kilograms (77 lb). Some are
arboreal (living in trees) while
others live on the
savanna;
diets differ among the various species but may contain any of the
following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, eggs and small
animals (including insects and spiders).
Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World
monkeys have
prehensile tails while Old World
monkeys have non-prehensile tails or no visible tail at all. Some
have
trichromatic color vision like
that of humans, others are
dichromats or
monochromats.
.^ While in the Find section, you can also perform some basic APE utility commands, such as [S]wap drives , and [R]elease Image .- THE ATARI PERIPHERAL EMULATOR USERS GUIDE 31 January 2010 12:13 UTC www.atarimax.com [Source type: General]
^ Some, like Kala and Terzok even have whole chapters devoted to presenting their points of view and perspectives, not only on Tarzan's life, but on their own ape dramas.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is true that Caliban shares his tempestuous island with monkeys and that he worries that Prospero will magically transform him into an ape with a forehead "villainous low."- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Classification
The following list shows where the various monkey families
(bolded) are placed in the Primate classification.
Note that the smallest grouping that contains them all is the
Simiiformes, the simians, which
also contains the apes. Calling apes "monkeys" is considered
scientifically incorrect as apes are distinctly defined as
different from monkeys.
[2] Apes
were included in earlier use of the term, predating modern
classifications.
[3]
.^ His choice may have been partially the result of emerging theories about the relatedness of the great apes to that other large primate, the human.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ That association seems consistent in Western traditions as well, explaining why the majority of literary works in which apes other-than-humans figure large are also exercises in boundary transgression and self-examination--in other words, satires.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His conceit, once acknowledged, is simple: chimps rather than humans have evolved to produce a technologically and intellectually complex culture by the 21st century.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[5] Calling
either a simian is correct.
Relationship with humans
The many species of monkey have varied relationships with
humans. Some are kept as pets, others used as
model organisms
in laboratories or in space missions.
.^ Significantly, the monkey is the only animal “addressed and referred to by san [the address used for humans] ...- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Burroughs’ narrative extensively and yet recaptures some of its original potential to consider radical change.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[6] This
can have important implications for the conservation of endangered
species, which may be subject to persecution. In some instances
farmers' perceptions of the damage may exceed the actual
damage.
[7] Monkeys
that have become habituated to human presence in tourist locations
may also be considered pests, attacking tourists.
[8]
In religion and culture, the monkey often represents
quick-wittedness and mischief.
As service animals for the
disabled
Some organizations train
capuchin monkeys as
monkey helpers to assist quadriplegics and
other people with severe spinal cord injuries or mobility
impairments.
.^ Voronoff theories of prolonging life and youth by the transplanting of animal glands (mostly from monkeys) into human beings.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Around the house, the monkeys help out by doing tasks
including microwaving food, washing the quadriplegic's face and
opening drink bottles.
In
experiments
.^ Significantly, the monkey is the only animal “addressed and referred to by san [the address used for humans] ...- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10] .^ Starring Sigourney Weaver as Dian Fossey, the film stresses "the physical kinship between ape and human."- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In the
United States, around 50,000 non-human
primates, most of them monkeys,
have been used in experiments every year since 1973; 10,000 monkeys
were used in the
European Union in 2004.
The use of monkeys in laboratories is controversial.
Animal rights
activists claim that their use is cruel and produces little
information of value, and there have been many protests, vandalism
to testing facilities and threats to workers.
.^ Although Burroughs wrote many other stories about the fantastic and unearthly, his main claim to fame is the Tarzan series.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When one of her warnings is overlooked, leading to an explosion in which she and many others are badly wounded, Sara reconsiders how important her beloved friend is to her.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The topic has become a popular cause for
animal rights and
animal welfare
groups.
In space
.^ He recalls the chimps used in NASA space experiments as he and Amanda--"'sponsored by the entire military establishment of the United States and utilizing all of technology'"--chase to the moon after Schroedinger.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
first
monkey
in space was Albert II who flew in the US-launched
V-2 rocket in June 14, 1949.
As food
Literature
.^ The ape is loose upon America.’ ...the proud Chinese King Monkey becomes the hunted King Kong, American movie outlaw beast” (Hyde 352).- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Monkey has influenced generations in East and West as folk tale and literary work (novel and drama).- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The main chimp character is Prity, a talented but voiceless mathematician, who serves as the friend and assistant of Sara, one of the major human characters.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Monkeys are prevalent in numerous books, television programs,
and movies.
.^ Certainly no earlier literary treatment allowed the gorilla to be seen as such a complex and sympathetic character, and the popularity of the series undoubtedly influenced the popular view of them.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
However, pop culture often incorrectly labels apes, particularly
chimpanzees, gibbons, and gorillas, as monkeys.
.^ In this Self echoes the warnings of Peter Hoag’s 1996 apocalyptic novel Woman and Ape although, unlike Hoag, Self makes use of his extensive knowledge of apes in film and literature.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Significantly, the monkey is the only animal “addressed and referred to by san [the address used for humans] ...- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Religion
and worship
Hanuman, a prominent
divine entity in
Hinduism,
is a monkey-like humanoid. He may bestow longevity.
In
Buddhism, the monkey
is an early incarnation of Buddha but may also represent trickery
and ugliness.
.^ Significantly, the monkey is the only animal “addressed and referred to by san [the address used for humans] ...- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In Japan the three monkeys are also explained by the homonym of the word saru, which means both “monkey” and “not do,” thus symbolizing conscious abstinence from evil.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
Moche people of ancient
Peru worshipped nature.
[14] They
placed emphasis on animals and often depicted monkeys in their
art.
[15]
Entertainment
In the Tamil country, monkeys were used for entertainment. The
owner trains monkeys to perform gymnastics in public. Even today,
it could be practiced in remote villages.
Zodiac
.^ In the Chinese zodiac the ape is the ninth sign.- Apes of theImagination:A Bibliography. 10 September 2009 21:39 UTC www.h-net.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The next time that the monkey will appear as the
zodiac sign will be in the year 2016.
[16]
See also
References
- ^
Dawkins, Richard
(2004), The ancestor's tale: a
pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution, Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt, p. 140, ISBN
9780618005833, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC&pg=PA140&dq=dawkins+monkey+paraphyletic&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false, retrieved
2008-08-24
- ^
"How do Apes Differ From
Monkeys". http://www.primates.com/faq/index.html#5.
- ^
Definition of Monkey in
Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary
- ^
Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911: Monkey
- ^
Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th Ed: Monkey
- ^
Hill, Catherine (2000). "Conflict of
Interest Between People and Baboons: Crop Raiding in Uganda".
International Journal of Primatology 21
(2): 299–315. doi:10.1023/A:1005481605637.
- ^
Siex, Kirsten; Thomas T. Struhsaker
(1999). "Colobus Monkeys and Coconuts: A Study of Perceived
Human-Wildlife Conflicts". Journal of Applied Ecology
36 (6): 1009–1020.
- ^
Brennan, E; Else, J; Altmann, J
(1985). "Ecology and behaviour of a pest primate: vervet monkeys in
a tourist-lodge habitat". African Journal of Ecology
23 (1): 35–44. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1985.tb00710.x.
- ^ "Covance Cruelty", People
for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
- ^
"The supply and use of
primates in the EU", European Biomedical Research
Association.
- ^
Bonné, J. (2005-10-28). "Some bravery as a side
dish". msnbc.com. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9687163/page/7/. Retrieved
2009-08-15.
- ^
Institut De Recherche Pour Le
Développement (2002). "Primate Bushmeat :
Populations Exposed To Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses". ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/04/020403025234.htm. Retrieved
2009-08-15.
- ^ Cooper, J. C. (1992). Symbolic and
Mythological Animals. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 161–63.
ISBN
1-85538-118-4.
- ^
Benson, E. (1972). The Mochica: A
Culture of Peru. New York: Praeger Press. ISBN
978-0500720011.
- ^
Berrin, K. & Museo Arqueológico Rafael
Larco Herrera (1997). The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures
from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames &
Hudson. ISBN
978-0500018026.
- ^
"Primatestore zodiac
signs". http://www.primatestore.com/yearmonkey.htm.
External
links