From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Almoravides dynasty, c. 1100 CE. At the dynasty's greatest expanse of control a succession of Moroccan-based states strongly affected culture from modern
Senegal to the
Iberian Peninsula.
.^ North Africa: Is part of the Arab world Known as the mediterrian people not black africans The Sub-Saharan region: Is known as Black Africa in reference to its "black" populations.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Africa was conquered by the Islamic Arabs in the Seventh century.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Moor is the classical name in Europe of the Muslim people of North Africa.
.^ In Europe, the name applies particularly to the North African Muslims who invaded Spain in 711, and established a distinctive civilization that lasted nearly 800 years.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North, East and certain parts of West Africa were comprised of an admixture, most having dark skin but they varied according to anthropologists.- Moors - on Opentopia, a free Encyclopedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC encycl.opentopia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal ) and the Maghreb and western Africa , whose culture is often called Moorish .- Moors - on Opentopia, a free Encyclopedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC encycl.opentopia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Moors are ethnically a mix of Arab and Berber origins, plus several West African peoples.- Moors - LookLex Encyclopaedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC i-cias.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In Europe, the name applies particularly to the North African Muslims who invaded Spain in 711, and established a distinctive civilization that lasted nearly 800 years.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
from Mali and Niger who had been absorbed into the
Almoravid dynasty.
[2] .^ To the Christians of early Europe there was no question regarding the ethnicity of the Moors, and numerous sources support the view that the Moors were a black-skinned people.- Were there Black people in Medieval England? - Yahoo! Answers 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC answers.yahoo.com [Source type: General]
^ In the early 16th century the Portuguese called them `Moors' a term which they used for the Muslims who invaded Spain in the 8th century.- LankaLibrary.com: Marakkala: the Sri Lankan Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.lankalibrary.com [Source type: Original source]
[3]
.^ In its present form, the word Moor is traced through the Spanish Moro and the Portuguese Mouro, either to the Mauri, the ancient inhabitants of Mauretari, now known as Morocco, or as Tennent, the famous historian of Ceylon suggests, to Maghrib (Morocco).- THE NAME �MOORS� A MISNOMER-ABSENCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING EARLYHISTORY-THE ARAB EMPIRE OF THE FIRST CENTURY-COSMAS-THE EMP 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.rootsweb.ancestry.com [Source type: Original source]
^ By extension (corresponding to the Spanish moro), the term occasionally denotes any Muslim in general, as in the case of the Moors of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) or of the Philippines.
^ Reminders of the Reconquista are the festivals of moros y cristianos (Castilian or Spanish), mors i cristians (Valencian or Catalan) and mouros e cristãos (Portuguese or Galician) these meaning "Moors and Christians" recreate the fights as colorful parades with elaborate clothes and fireworks, especially on the Spanish Mediterranean coast , popularly known as Levante.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
There seems to have been some confusion about the relationship of the word
moro/
mouro to the word
moreno (which means brown), both from
Greek maúros, i.e.
black.
.^ Examples: The word natural has many etymological roots in Latin, Old English etc.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
[4][5]
.^ But, except for the part the Moors called Ishbaniya , the Cantabrian coast and the mountains behind it, the Iberian Peninsula was now Al-Ándalus, a province of the Caliphate of Damascus.- The Moorish Invasion of Spain and Portugal 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC spainforvisitors.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He became the first Caliph of Al-Andalus, the Moorish part of Spain, which occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula.- Muslim Spain and European Culture 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.xmission.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal ) and the Maghreb and western Africa , whose culture is often called Moorish .- Moors - on Opentopia, a free Encyclopedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC encycl.opentopia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The Moors' rule stretched at times as far as modern-day
Mauritania,
West African countries, and the
Senegal River.
^ Blacks Black Moors traditionally represent the lower class, and there has been little social change to this in modern times.- Moors - LookLex Encyclopaedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC i-cias.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Moor comes from the country "Mauritania" look up where this country is located, it was "controlled" by morocco but only a centry or two before the word moor was coinded by the greeks in around the late 13 hundreds it was part of the Malian empire, And it's main populouse were more related to west africans than anyone else "at that period of time".- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The term derives from the Phoenician and Greek name Mauri , applied to the inhabitants of Mauretania (centered on modern-day Morocco, not Mauritania .- Moors - on Opentopia, a free Encyclopedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC encycl.opentopia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ This word comes back to Latin and beyond to old Greek where "Mauri" are the inhabitants of "Mauretania or Mauritania", the name of North-Western Africa ( present Morocco and Mauritania ) "Mauri" turned into "Moros" in Spanish, hence "Moors" and "moorish" in English.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The word derives from the Latin Mauri, first used by the Romans to denote the inhabitants of the Roman province of Mauretania, comprising the western portion of modern Algeria and the northeastern portion of modern Morocco.
^ The term derives from the Phoenician and Greek name Mauri , applied to the inhabitants of Mauretania (centered on modern-day Morocco, not Mauritania .- Moors - on Opentopia, a free Encyclopedia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC encycl.opentopia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The people of the region were noted in
Classical literature as the
Mauri.
.^ The Berbers mutinied, and as the Arabs were a minority, they brought Syrian troops (who later settled in Andalusia and the Algarve) in to repress the uprising.- The Moorish Invasion of Spain and Portugal 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC spainforvisitors.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Moors were a group of Arabic -speaking, Muslim invaders who conquered almost all of the Iberian peninsula between the years of 711 and 718 CE .- Moor@Everything2.com 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By the 18th century European Christians saw themselves as the predestined rulers of the world with a divine mission to civilise the heathen.
. Today such groups inhabit
Mauritania and parts of
Algeria,
western Sahara,
Morocco,
Niger and
Mali and to those in India.
^ This word comes back to Latin and beyond to old Greek where "Mauri" are the inhabitants of "Mauretania or Mauritania", the name of North-Western Africa ( present Morocco and Mauritania ) "Mauri" turned into "Moros" in Spanish, hence "Moors" and "moorish" in English.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The word derives from the Latin Mauri, first used by the Romans to denote the inhabitants of the Roman province of Mauretania, comprising the western portion of modern Algeria and the northeastern portion of modern Morocco.
^ These Moors live mainly in Western Sahara and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, from which the latter country derives its name.
[6] and Sri Lanka.
.^ It was also the name of an ancient Berber Kingdom.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This word comes back to Latin and beyond to old Greek where "Mauri" are the inhabitants of "Mauretania or Mauritania", the name of North-Western Africa ( present Morocco and Mauritania ) "Mauri" turned into "Moros" in Spanish, hence "Moors" and "moorish" in English.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These Moors live mainly in Western Sahara and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, from which the latter country derives its name.
.^ This term has been broadly used to denote various people in North Africa, people who came from Morocco or simply to describe Muslims in general Moreno is Spanish, Portuguese and Filipino for a tanned or dark or brown-skinned person.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The term Moor came to be synonymous with Muslim in many contexts, for example the Muslim communities in the Philippines are known to this day as Moros .
.^ There were white Moors, especially because of their part Berber ancestry and after they had lived in Europe for centuries and had been whitened by mating with Europeans.
^ Civilization was restored to Europe when another group of Africans, the Moors, brought this dark age to an end...- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This is particularly evident in the affinity between culture terms referring to the Proto- civilization of the speakers of these languages.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Some consider it
pejorative and racist.
.^ This term has been broadly used to denote various people in North Africa, people who came from Morocco or simply to describe Muslims in general Moreno is Spanish, Portuguese and Filipino for a tanned or dark or brown-skinned person.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The ancient Moors also established ports in other parts of North Africa, but after catastrophic events, the Triton Sea was drained.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Moors won, and the Gothic Spaniards were forced to retreat, giving the Moors time to land a seemingly inexhaustible supply of soldiers from the population wells of North Africa.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Moros y Cristianos (rice and beans) literally means Moors and Christians .- Havana Dining: Eating Cuban at the Source 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.gonomad.com [Source type: General]
^ Where did i say Moor means Black?- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In that year all unbaptized Jews were expelled en masse from Spain, and the infamous Spanish Inquisition, set up to enforce Christendom, was used to persecute Jews, who, because of their collaboration with the Moors, were regarded as the implacable enemies of White Spain.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
Etymology
.^ The conquest of the former Roman province of Hispania by the Moors (note that "Moors" only means the people from the north-east corner of Africa who carried out the conquest, including both Arabs and the original natives, the Berbers) marked the history and culture of Portugal and particularly Spain profoundly.- The Moorish Invasion of Spain and Portugal 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC spainforvisitors.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This word comes back to Latin and beyond to old Greek where "Mauri" are the inhabitants of "Mauretania or Mauritania", the name of North-Western Africa ( present Morocco and Mauritania ) "Mauri" turned into "Moros" in Spanish, hence "Moors" and "moorish" in English.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially under the Numidian kings and to a much greater degree under the Roman empire the North African provinces were given over to extensive grain production.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In its present form, the word Moor is traced through the Spanish Moro and the Portuguese Mouro, either to the Mauri, the ancient inhabitants of Mauretari, now known as Morocco, or as Tennent, the famous historian of Ceylon suggests, to Maghrib (Morocco).- THE NAME �MOORS� A MISNOMER-ABSENCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING EARLYHISTORY-THE ARAB EMPIRE OF THE FIRST CENTURY-COSMAS-THE EMP 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.rootsweb.ancestry.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Reminders of the Reconquista are the festivals of moros y cristianos (Castilian or Spanish), mors i cristians (Valencian or Catalan) and mouros e cristãos (Portuguese or Galician) these meaning "Moors and Christians" recreate the fights as colorful parades with elaborate clothes and fireworks, especially on the Spanish Mediterranean coast , popularly known as Levante.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Moors: Encyclopedia II - Moors - Present-day Moors In modern usage, Moor or Moorish (Italian and Spanish: moro, French: maure, Portuguese: mouro) is used to designate people whose native tongue is the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic.
Derivatives are found in today's versions of the languages. Through
nominalization, the root has always referred to various things.
Moreno, from the Latin root, can mean "tanned" in Spain and Portugal.
.^ Negro, itself, is derived from the Portuguese or Spanish word for black, 'negro'.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The ancient Egyptians called themselves Kam or Kam-Au (Black people/ Black God-people), and their country Kamit (or Khemit), both meaning land of the Blacks and the Black Land.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
Also in Spanish,
morapio is a humorous name for "wine", specially that which has not been "baptized" or mixed with water, i.e., pure unadulterated wine.
.^ The Governor at the time, General Brownigg, considered the treatment meted to the Moors who were British subjects as an acts of aggression, and Major Hook immediately took the field and advanced as far as Hanwella.- THE NAME �MOORS� A MISNOMER-ABSENCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING EARLYHISTORY-THE ARAB EMPIRE OF THE FIRST CENTURY-COSMAS-THE EMP 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.rootsweb.ancestry.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This term has been broadly used to denote various people in North Africa, people who came from Morocco or simply to describe Muslims in general Moreno is Spanish, Portuguese and Filipino for a tanned or dark or brown-skinned person.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It would also be reasonable to use a Roman or Carthaginian general figure to command your army but remember to make the skin colour darker.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Between 1483 and 1486, the Spanish drove the Moors out of the western half of the kingdom of Granada.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Finally in 1609, the Spanish king Philip III ordered the physical expulsion of some 250,000 "Moriscos" or Christianized Moors from the country.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The term Moor came to be synonymous with Muslim in many contexts, for example the Muslim communities in the Philippines are known to this day as Moros .
.^ It did not mean black, however it did mean Dark skinned, and later was used to describe all muslims indiscriminantly of skin colour, however it was a term originaly used for dark skinned people and was taken from a region that contained mostly black africans.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "Moor" was (and is still today) a very ambiguous term used to describe a number of different peoples, but, predominantly North African types-Berber or Arab.- Moors............confusion in The World in History Channel 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC boards.history.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As demonstrated here and below, the word mouro is used in the Cantigas to describe all Muslims regardless of race or ethnic origin.- Muslims in medieval Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.angelfire.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The screenplay rights to some of Moore's books, such as Practical Demonkeeping and Bloodsucking Fiends, have been purchased by Disney, but have not yet been made into movies.
[citation needed] The
Milanese Duke
Ludovico Il Moro was so-called because of his dark complexion.
.^ Woolly nappy hair, if simply washed & dried but never combed or brushed, will naturally entwine into long locks as it grows.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The word zimbabwe is derived from the Shona language, and means houses of stone.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Liberia - Derived from the Latin word liber ("Free") - Reference to the return of Freed American Slaves who founded the modern Republic of Liberia.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
[8][9] .^ Moros y Cristianos (rice and beans) literally means Moors and Christians .- Havana Dining: Eating Cuban at the Source 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.gonomad.com [Source type: General]
^ The name originally derives from the original Tuareg (Moors) who are known indigenously as the “Imazighen” meaning the “Free Men”.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10][11] .^ Egyptian writings also refer to whites as Typhonians or People of Seth, both meaning "the devils."- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
In Northern Portugal,
moura also means "stone".
[citation needed]
History
Overview
.^ The conflict came, not with West Africans submitting to Islam, but in the Arabs demanding Moors to denounce their heritage and Moorish genealogy and profess being “Arabians”.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ History named these Muslim conquerors of Spain "Moors," probably because they arrived by way of Morocco.
^ Moors were converted to Islam and became fanatic Muslims.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Almoravids and Almohads Towards the end of the 11th century in the western Magreb, now Morocco, a new political and religious movement emerged from which was founded the Almoravid dynasty.- The Moors in Andalucia 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC jannah.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Quimbundos Kingdom, also known as Ndongo, dominated in the western and central areas.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Ferdinand had now rendered himself master of all the western part of the kingdom of Grenada, and Boabdil agreed to divide with Zagel the remnant of this desolated state.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[13] The name came to be applied to people of the entire region. "They were called Maurisi by the Greeks," wrote
Strabo, "and Mauri by the Romans."
[14] During that age, the Maure or Moors were trading partners of
Carthage, the independent city state founded by
Phoenicians.
.^ Relations between the two races were probably promoted by the mistaken belief on both sides that they were historically related.- The Influence of Sephardic Jews and Moors on Southeastern Indian Cultures 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.melungeons.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When the Second Punic war came to an end the Romans rewarded their ally by making him king of all Numidia.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially under the Numidian kings and to a much greater degree under the Roman empire the North African provinces were given over to extensive grain production.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Like Greece and Rome that proceeded them, the Moors of Al-Andalus fell into moral decay and wandered from the intellect that had made them great.- Muslim Spain and European Culture 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.xmission.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On both sides, the vanquished parties soon re−entered the field, in utter neglect of the treaties into which they might ever so recently have entered.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ He maintained peace with him, aided him in his campaigns against the King of Seville, and even entered into a treaty with Hacchem, the son and successor of his ally.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
.^ He maintained long wars against the kings of Leon and the counts of Castile, who wrested Madrid, then a place of comparative insignificance, from him, A.D. 931, Heg.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
Juba, a later king, was a friend of Rome.
.^ He left no heir and Mauretania was annexed to the Roman Empire as the two provinces - Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In AD 533 the Eastern Roman Empire on orders of the Emperor Justinian was able to reconquer the African province around Carthage (Africa Proconsularis) when a small Byzantine army under Count Belisarrius defeated the last Vandal king Gelimer.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially under the Numidian kings and to a much greater degree under the Roman empire the North African provinces were given over to extensive grain production.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Civil revolts, tyranny, extortion, sensuality, and sloth, had annihilated the ambition of universal rule which the Greek and Roman governments had once cherished; and their provinces, neglected or oppressed, became an easy prey to the Moslem power.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
.^ Morocco was the capitol of the old Moorish Empire and has been ruled under various influential cultural names as Carthaginian, Ottoman, Phoenician and Arabian.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He {81} ruled the Moorish empire twenty−six years under the name of the indolent Hacchem.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[15] .^ They were Arabs, from Damascus and Medina, leading armies of North African Berber converts.
.^ In Europe, the name applies particularly to the North African Muslims who invaded Spain in 711, and established a distinctive civilization that lasted nearly 800 years.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ From their new capital in Damascus, Muslim armies fanned eastward through Mesopotamia to India and Central Asia, westward to the Nile and across North Africa.
^ The several traits seen right across north Africa from Egypt to Morocco/Mauritania are added to by forms of boats and ships both earthly and celestial.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[16]
The Moors of Iberia
.^ In 711 AD, barely 100 years after the establishment of Islam, the Moors crossed over from Northern Africa and conquered most of Spain.- Math of the Moors :: squareCircleZ 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.squarecirclez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the next three years, the Moors conquered the majority of Hispania, often helped and welcomed by indigenous peoples.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Moors: Encyclopedia II - Moors - Moorish Empire In AD 711, some Moors invaded Visigoth Christian Spain.
.^ Rafa and I were bobbing in the wake of Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Muslim general.
^ Under Tarik ibn Ziyad they crossed to Gibraltar in 711 and easily overran the crumbling Visigothic kingdom of Roderick .- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Most married into Spanish and Visigoth families or took fair- skinned Galician slaves to wife; soldiers all, they brought no women with them.
They moved northeast across the
Pyrenees Mountains but were defeated by the
Frank Charles Martel at the
Battle of Poitiers in 732 CE.
The Moorish state fell into
civil conflict in the 750s.
.^ The Moors ruled in North Africa, Spain and Portugal (except for small areas in the northwest and largely Basque regio ...
^ In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in Granada at the end of the 15th century.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The several traits seen right across north Africa from Egypt to Morocco/Mauritania are added to by forms of boats and ships both earthly and celestial.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Muladi: Christians who converted to Islam after the arrival of the Moors.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Thus also originated the many instances of conquered, deposed, or murdered kings, that make the history of the Moors of Spain so difficult of methodical arrangement and so monotonous in the perusal.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ On a hill outside the city, known to this day as Martyr's Hill, they killed many captives who refused to convert to Islam.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Because some Muslims, and Jews, shared common ancestors with Christians, it was difficult to expel all of those with non-Christian ancestors from Iberia.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Moors won, and the Gothic Spaniards were forced to retreat, giving the Moors time to land a seemingly inexhaustible supply of soldiers from the population wells of North Africa.- The Third Great Race War: The Moors Invade Europe 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.white-history.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Third century saw the mass conversion of the peoples of North Africa, especially the poor, to Christianity.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This is considered the main reason why the number of Muslims had shrunk to a relatively small fraction of the total population by 1500.
[citation needed]
.^ Moors , Moors - Moorish Empire , Moors - Origins of the name , Moors - Present-day Moors , Al-Andalus , Caliph of Cordoba , History of Spain , Islamic architecture , Mezquita – an ancient Moorish mosque in Córdoba in Spain.
^ This invasion, under the Ottoman Turkish Rule, demanded strict ‘Denationalization’ of all national name descent and to assume Arabian Islamic (Nationless) genealogy.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They were governed in the name of the Bagdad caliphs; but for nearly a century they had been growing into independence, under rulers usually known, from the name of their progenitor, as the Aglabite dynasty.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[citation needed]
.^ Some small communities of Christianity and Latin speaking survived until the 12th Century.- Numidians (DBA II/40) and Moors (DBA II/57) 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.fanaticus.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in Granada at the end of the 15th century.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1085 Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon wrested the city from the Moors; the Reconquista, or Reconquest of Spain by the Christians, had begun in earnest.
Christian states based in the north and west slowly extended their power over the rest of Iberia..
. The
Navarre,
Galicia,
León,
Portugal,
Aragón,
Catalonia or
Marca Hispanica, and
Castile began a process of expansion and internal consolidation during the next several centuries under the flag of
Reconquista.
^ Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Pedro II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal, working together defeated the Almohad Caliph Muhammad an-Nasir.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ It was built during the 14th century as a palace in Mudejar style, a lavish blend of Arab and Gothic architecture that graces many Spanish monuments.
^ Ibiza and Jaen fell to the Reconquista in 1232, and in the same year forces under Ferdinand III of Castile recaptured Córdoba.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
Reconstruction of costumes of Moorish
nobility from a German book published in 1880
.^ They were killed or expelled in large numbers (to the great loss of Spain) in the Christian reconquest, which began with the recovery of Toledo (1085) by Alfonso VI , king of León and Castile.- Moors Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Moors 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In capturing this Narbonne, King Pippin the Younger ended Muslim rule north of Iberia.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Raymond of Burgundy and Henry of Burgundy signed a treaty under which Henry promised to recognise Raymond as king upon the death of Alfonso VI of Castile, receiving in exchange the Kingdom of Toledo or of Portugal.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
.^ In 1272 King Afonso III of Portugal took Faro in the Algarve from the Moors, removing the last Muslim state from Portuguese soil and completing the Portuguese Reconquista.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ If you know the history of the Moors in the liberian penisula, the Moors were expelled in the Reconquista, which ended on January 2, 1492 with the conquest of Granada.- Math of the Moors :: squareCircleZ 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.squarecirclez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The new Mussulman king, who took the title of Emir al Mumenim, adopted in all respects the policy of his father.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
.^ Moorish Spain , Alhambra – an ancient palace and fortress complex of the Moorish monarchs of Granada , in southern Spain.
^ However, this would require a more “National Identity” consciousness and orientation on the part of the Moorish American community.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This kingdom is known in modern times for magnificent architectural works such as the
Alhambra palace.
.^ Ferdinand and Isabella now ruled Granada.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ In 1469 Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed Princess Isabella of Castile; the marriage would unite Christian Spain under their rule.
^ The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella sealed the fate of the faltering Granada sultans.
.^ Local Christians in Spain as in the Languedoc were tolerant, but the Roman Catholic authorities were not.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Most Muslims and Jews were forced to either convert to Christianity or leave Spain and Portugal and have their assets seized.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Many of the anti-Catholic Christians and Jews resident in Spain did not see the invasion as a totally Bad Thing, since the Moors showed religious tolerance – more than the Catholics did – and made many improvements.- Math of the Moors :: squareCircleZ 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.squarecirclez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In 1469 Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed Princess Isabella of Castile; the marriage would unite Christian Spain under their rule.
^ From this heady mix of race and culture sprang the Moorish civilization, an adventure that would last 900 years, one that would change the face--and the soul--of Spain forever.
^ Eventually all Jews were forced to leave Spain in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabella, and Portugal some years later.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
[citation needed]
.^ Descendants of those Muslims and Jews who submitted to compulsory conversion to Christianity rather than exile during the early periods of the Inquisition, the Moriscos and Conversos respectively, were later expelled from Spain and Portugal when the Inquisition was at its height.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ The Muladi: Christians who converted to Islam after the arrival of the Moors.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ That prince oppressed the Christians, who were very numerous in his city; and they secretly implored Alphonso to make war upon Jahiah.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
.^ The ones who were found to be not “Catholic enough” were sent off for torture in the Inquisition.- Math of the Moors :: squareCircleZ 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.squarecirclez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Roderic's enemies included Julian the Count of Ceuta; who was sheltering Wittiza's family and other partisans, along with Arians and Jews fleeing persecution at the hands of the Roman Catholic Church.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Its original African founders and early saints were often martyred when this church was usurped by the whites who replaced it with their counterfeit Roman Catholic Church.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
They represented a significant portion of the peasants in some territories, such as
Aragon,
Valencia or
Andalusia. In the years from 1609 to 1614, they were systematically expelled by the government.
.^ Out of a total acreage of more than 12 million acres, the Africans held some 2 million acres.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
[18] .^ Perhaps their numbers may now amount to nearly twenty millions, among whom, however, though they are mostly of foreign extraction, are many converts from Hinduism.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ In Java it was the established religion; but, when the Dutch settled that island early in the seventeenth century, many of the natives were converted.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
This is clearly indicated by a "high mean proportion of ancestry from North African (10.6%)" that "attests to a high level of religious conversion (whether voluntary or enforced), driven by historical episodes of social and religious intolerance, that ultimately led to the integration of descendants.".
[19][20]
.^ From their new capital in Damascus, Muslim armies fanned eastward through Mesopotamia to India and Central Asia, westward to the Nile and across North Africa.
This was one of the major islands of an
archipelago which the Spaniards had reached during their voyages westward from the
New World.
.^ History named these Muslim conquerors of Spain "Moors," probably because they arrived by way of Morocco.
^ It was at the foot of the Sierra Morena, at a place named Las Navas de Toloza, that the three Spanish princes encountered the Moors, A.D. 1212, Heg.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ Mauritius - The island was named in honor of Prince Maurice of Nassau by Dutch explorers.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Morisco which it was often called was a Spanish name for a Moor or Moorish (Africa) or Spanish Muslim (Spain,) who after the country was re-conquered after the legendary Charlemagne and Tamer lane battle ( Christian Re-conquest 11-15th.- StreetSwing's Dance History Archives - Morris / Moresque Dance Page - Main1 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.streetswing.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reminders of the Reconquista are the festivals of moros y cristianos (Castilian or Spanish), mors i cristians (Valencian or Catalan) and mouros e cristãos (Portuguese or Galician) these meaning "Moors and Christians" recreate the fights as colorful parades with elaborate clothes and fireworks, especially on the Spanish Mediterranean coast , popularly known as Levante.- The History of the Languedoc: The Moors. 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.midi-france.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Moors: Encyclopedia II - Moors - Present-day Moors In modern usage, Moor or Moorish (Italian and Spanish: moro, French: maure, Portuguese: mouro) is used to designate people whose native tongue is the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic.
See
Reconquista, and
Maure.
.^ The Arabic numbers we use today came from he ancient Arab people who were originally Black Africans!- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
"Moorish" Iberia does at least have the merit of reminding us that the bulk of the invaders and settlers were Moors, i.e.
Berbers from Algeria and Morocco.'
.^ About $22,500,000.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
Modern age
.^ Moors: Encyclopedia II - Moors - Present-day Moors In modern usage, Moor or Moorish (Italian and Spanish: moro, French: maure, Portuguese: mouro) is used to designate people whose native tongue is the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic.
^ The translator ventures to offer an imitation of M. Florian's French version of this Moorish ballad, and appends the Spanish original with which he presents his readers.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ Botswana - A name used to collectively describe the Tswana, the country's dominant ethnic group.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ These Moors live mainly in Western Sahara and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, from which the latter country derives its name.
^ When the Ancient Moabites originally inhabited the land called Morocco, they were guided by the brightest morning star called Venus.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Africa excluding Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Egypt.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ A century afterward these people were conquered by Belisarius: but the Greeks were in their turn subdued by the Arabs, who then proceeded to achieve the conquest of Mauritania.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ The Ghana empire destroyed by regional tensions(11th –12th centuries ) ,and the Muslim empire of Mali, became the illustrations of the dramatic consequences of the Arab presence in Africa.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But the presence of the Arabs rapidly produced a great change among these people.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[23]
.^ Mauritania - The name is derived from Spanish description of the area as the land of the Moors, a term used to describe Arab rulers of Southern Spain.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Out of the dozens of African tribes inhabiting this part of the world, not a single one of them ever made " Umfanegisos " (images) of their God.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The north and northwestern parts are filled with them, and from thence they have wandered over the whole of that vast country.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ The use of Red, Black and Green as colors symbolizing African nationhood was first "adopted by the UNIA-ACL as part of the 1920 Declaration of Rights as the official colors of the African race.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
In the
Philippines, a former
Spanish colony, many residents call the local Muslim population in the Southern islands
Moros.
.^ History named these Muslim conquerors of Spain "Moors," probably because they arrived by way of Morocco.
The term was introduced by the Spanish colonizers.
.^ Needfultosay, this unholy onslaught is lead by those who call themselves 'Sunni' or 'Shiite' Muslims under the Post-Mohammed Arab-version of Islam.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Of the Portuguese dancers, in their ceremonies usual on conferring knighthood fights with the Moors were replicated, and thus the form called Mourisca was originated.- StreetSwing's Dance History Archives - Morris / Moresque Dance Page - Main1 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.streetswing.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Moors and Arabs Muslim Spain and European Culture .- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
Religious relations
.^ Under their Berber leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, they landed at Gibraltar on April 30 and brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic Sharia rule in an eight-year campaign.
.^ This invasion, under the Ottoman Turkish Rule, demanded strict ‘Denationalization’ of all national name descent and to assume Arabian Islamic (Nationless) genealogy.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
This second stage inaugurated an era of Moorish rulers guided by a version of Islam that left behind the tolerant practices of the past.
[citation needed]
Architecture
.^ Moorish Spain , Alhambra – an ancient palace and fortress complex of the Moorish monarchs of Granada , in southern Spain.
^ The Moors themselves never used the term.
^ Saragossa imitated the example of Toledo.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
Population genetics
Shomarka Keita, a biological anthropologist from
Howard University, has claimed that populations in Carthage circa 200 BC and northern Algeria 1500 BC were very diverse.
.^ Didn’t the Arabs know the true origin of the West African nationals before they stole and sold them into European slavery?- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In the process of European colonisation, the swiftly expanding land-hungry Europeans turned the bulk of the African population into a proletariat.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He agreed that Europeans could not expand or grow in wealth unless they could draw more fully upon the reservoirs of labour in the African reserves.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Arabic numbers we use today came from he ancient Arab people who were originally Black Africans!- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Though the caste system (or varna system) was based originally on skin color (varna means color), color is not the main problem as some dark or light skinned people are found at the top and bottom.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This people regarded themselves, with much appearance of truth, as the descendants of those Arabs who originally came into the country with Malek Yarfric, and who are often confounded with the ancient Numidians.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[26] .^ Science magazine (9/11/87) states that overwhelming evidence shows that "Africa was the cradle of modern humans...- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Based on the evidence of recent findings, modern (white) science has 'officially' declared that ALL of present humanity came from one race...- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
Moreover, this "diversity" of phenotypes and peoples was probably due to
in situ differentiation, not foreign influxes.
.^ "Lloyd's knew that what they were doing led to the destruction of the indigenous population," Mr Fagan said.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The sons of the hadjeb Almanzor successively replaced their illustrious father; but, in inheriting his power, they did not inherit his talents.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
[27]
.^ The term Tamana is found in over 24 countries and is one of over 1,000,000 place names Dr. Vamos-Toth has found which link Africa, Asia, and Europe.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This is evidenced by scientific discoveries that were found around a former lake that existed in North Africa around 9000 to 10,000 years ago.- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Liberia - Derived from the Latin word liber ("Free") - Reference to the return of Freed American Slaves who founded the modern Republic of Liberia.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Also the Hieroglyphics in The Grand Canyon area along with the discovery of an 9,000 year old Mummy dont lie about our existence here in the Americas.- Math of the Moors :: squareCircleZ 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.squarecirclez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
M81 is not found in Sub-Saharan Africa. This haplotype has also been observed in as high as 40% of one small group of Andalusians tested. Generally it appears at much lower frequencies among Iberian populations, and lower as distance from North Africa increases.
[29]
.^ They were Arabs, from Damascus and Medina, leading armies of North African Berber converts.
.^ Thus, in a battle which occurred A.D. 1010 between two Mussulman leaders, there were found among the slain a count of Urgel and three bishops of Catalonia.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
.^ These gateways of East, West, North and South or Longitude and Latitude, all lead from the center to the outer bounds of life (See: Diagram).- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They were Arabs, from Damascus and Medina, leading armies of North African Berber converts.
^ The primitive Moors were the inhabitants of the vast portion of Africa bounded on the east by Egypt, on the north by the Mediterranean, on the west by the Atlantic, and on the south by the deserts of Barbary.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
It is uncommon in France and Italy.
[29]
A 2006 mitochondrial DNA study of 12th to 13th century Islamic remains from Priego de Cordoba, Spain, indicates a higher proportion (4%) of sub-Saharan African lineages.
.^ Cress Welsing theorizes that whites (as the albino offspring of Black Africans) migrated or were chased northward from Africa into Europe.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lastly Africa came into contact with Europe only through colonialism, leading to cultural dependence and domination.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In His Divine Constitution for an example: “ The Moorish Americans are the descendants of the ancient Moabites whom inhabited the North Western and South Western shores of Africa.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
[30]
“ |
Mitochondrial DNA sequences and restriction fragment polymorphisms were retrieved from three Islamic 12th to 13th century samples of 71 bones and teeth (with >85% efficiency) from Madinat Baguh (today called Priego de Cordoba, Spain). .^ Insurance companies are only now coming to acknowledge that for many years they charged African- American customers unjustifiably higher rates than whites.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A large proportion of the African population was forced to live upon land to which it had no legal claim.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He agreed that Europeans could not expand or grow in wealth unless they could draw more fully upon the reservoirs of labour in the African reserves.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Cress Welsing theorizes that whites (as the albino offspring of Black Africans) migrated or were chased northward from Africa into Europe.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We have already mentioned the proven existence of more than thirty African languages, which used Arabic characters until the European colonial invasion.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Nowhere is this more true than in the old Muslim capital of Cordoba, where I spent my last Spanish days.
^ His successor shared the same fate, and the Mussulmans were again compelled to submit to a yoke their revolt had rendered even more intolerable than before.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ Mohammedans of the present day, at least those of Turkey, are less anxious to make proselytes than were those of a former age.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
The increased gene flow in modern times could be the main cause of this difference. |
” |
Notable Moors
Aureus of Macrinus. Its elaborate symbolism celebrates the
liberalitas ("prodigality") of Macrinus and his son.
Ibn Battuta, Berber explorer who travelled 73,000 miles across much of the
Old World in the 14th century.
- Lusius Quietus, a Roman general, governor of Iudaea in 117. Originally a Berber prince, his military ability won him the favor of Trajan, who even designated him as his successor.^ His achievements having won for him the hearts of his countrymen, Zagel now conceived the design of dethroning his brother and nephew, and of appropriating the dominions of both to himself.
- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ He maintained long wars against the kings of Leon and the counts of Castile, who wrested Madrid, then a place of comparative insignificance, from him, A.D. 931, Heg.- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ In the earliest Greek alphabet, aleph became the letter alpha; in turn, this became the Roman A, the form and general value of which were passed on to the peoples who later adopted the Roman alphabet.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
During the emperor's Parthian campaign, the numerous Jewish inhabitants of Babylonia revolted and were relentlessly suppressed by Quietus, who was rewarded by being appointed governor of Judea. Restlessness in the region caused Trajan to send his favorite, as a legate of consular rank, to Judea, where he continued his sanguinary course.
- Macrinus, 164–218, a Berber officer, prefect of the Praetorian Guard under Caracalla. In 217–218, he became the first Roman emperor who was not a senator.
- Gildo, a Berber chieftain who instigated a rebellion against the Roman Empire in 398.
- Tariq ibn Ziyad, Berber general who defeated the Visigoths and conquered Hispania in 711.
- Al-Mansur, reigned 754–775, second Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate; his mother was a Berber.
- Abd ar-Rahman I, founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in 756; along with its succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba, the dynasty ruled Islamic Spain for three centuries.
- Abbas Ibn Firnas, 810–887, Berber inventor and aviator who invented an early parachute and made the first attempt at controlled flight with a hang glider.
- Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, died 1007, Andalusian writer believed to have been the author of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity and the Picatrix.
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), Andalusian physician and surgeon who established the discipline of surgery as a profession with his Al-Tasrif in 1000.
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel), 1028–1087, Andalusian astronomer and engineer who invented the equitorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe, compiled the first almanac, and compiled a Zij later used as a basis for the Tables of Toledo.
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), died 1138, Andalusian physicist and polymath whose theory of motion, including the concept of a reaction force, influenced the development of classical mechanics.
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), 1091–1161, Andalusian physician and polymath who discovered the existence of parasites and pioneered experimental surgery.
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, circa 1100–1166, Moorish geographer and polymath who drew the Tabula Rogeriana, the most accurate world map in pre-modern times.
- Ibn Tufail, circa 1105–1185, Arabic writer and polymath who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, the first philosophical novel.
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 1126–1198, classical Islamic philosopher and polymath who wrote the The Incoherence of the Incoherence and the most extensive Aristotelian commentaries, and established the school of Averroism.
- Ibn al-Baitar, died 1248, Andalusian botanist and pharmacist who compiled the most extensive pharmacopoeia and botanical compilation in pre-modern times.
- Ibn Battuta, 1304–1368, a Berber traveller who was the most prolific explorer in pre-modern times, travelling 73,000 miles across much of the Old World.
- Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer of the social sciences and forerunner of sociology, historiography and economics, who wrote the Muqaddimah in 1377.
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī, 1412–1486, Moorish mathematician who took the first steps toward the introduction of algebraic symbolism.
- Othello, the fictitious hero in the eponymous play by William Shakespeare, published in 1604. The character of Othello was a mercenary who served in the war between Venice and Cyprus, who married the daughter of a Venetian nobleman.
- Estevanico, also referred to as "Stephen the Moor", was an explorer in the service of Spain of what is now the southwest of the United States.
Bibliography
- This section's bibliographical information is not fully provided. If you know these sources and can provide full information, you can help Wikipedia by completing it.
- Jan Carew, Rape of Paradise
- David Brion Davis, "Slavery: Black, White, Muslim, Christian"
- Herodotus, The Histories
- Shomark O.Y. Keita, "Genetic Haplotyes in North Africa"
- Shomark O.Y. Keita, "Craniometric Data from North Africa
- Shomark O.Y. Keita, "Further Craniometric Data from North Africa"
- Shomark O.Y. Keita, "Bernal vs. Snowden"
- Bernard Lewis, "The Middle East"
- Bernard Lewis, "The Muslim Discovery of Europe"
- Bernard Lewis, "Race and Slavery in Islam"
- Stanley Lane-Poole, Turkey (1888)
- Stanley Lane-Poole, The Barbary Corsairs (1890)
- Stanley Lane-Poole, The History of the Moors in Spain
- J.A. Rogers, Nature Knows no Color Line
- Ronald Segal, "Islam's Black Slaves"
- Ivan van Sertima, The Golden Age of the Moor
- Frank Snowdon, "Before Color Prejudice"
- Frank Snowdon, "Blacks in Antiquity"
- David M. Goldenberg, "The Curse of Ham"
- Lucotte and Mercier, various genetic studies
- Eva Borreguero. "The Moors Are Coming, the Moors Are Coming! Encounters with Muslims in Contemporary Spain". Islam and Christian-Muslim relations, 2006, vol. 17, no4, pp. 417–432. Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University, Washington DC
- "The Moors" by Ross Brann, published on New York University website.
See also
References
- ^ The Moors? Ross Brann, Cornell University.
Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later
Mudejar and
Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture.
- ^ Golden age of the Moor, Volume 11, by Ivan Van Sertima
- ^ Moors, Britannica Encyclopedia (1911) p.811 of original.
- ^ Irene Marsha Silverblatt, Modern Inquisitions, (Duke University Press: 2004), p.257
- ^ Stephen Birmingham, The Grandees: America's Sephardic Elite, (Harper & Row: 1971), p.32
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ Google.com
- ^ Google.com
- ^ Google.com
- ^ Google.com
- ^ Universidade do Minho (Portuguese)
- ^ Euskadi.net (Spanish)
- ^ Michael Brett and Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers at 25 & 77; Gabriel Camps, Les Berberes (Edisud 1996) at 20–21, 25
- ^ Strabo, Geographica (c.17 CE.) at XVIII,3,ii (cited by Rene Basset in Moorish Literature (N.Y., Collier 1901) at iii.
- ^ Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib (Cambridge Univ., 1971) at 27, 38 & 43; Michael Brett and Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers (Blackwell 1996) at 14, 24, 41–54; Henri Terrasse, History of Morocco (Casablanca: Atlantides 1952) at 39–49, esp. 43–44; Serge Lancel, Carthage (Librairie Artheme Fayard 1992, Blackwell 1995) at 396–401; Glenn Markoe, The Phoenicians (Univ.of California 2000) at 54–56.
- ^ "The conquest of North Africa and Berber resistance" in General History of Africa
- ^ Ronald Segal, Islam's Black Slaves (2003), Atlantic Books, ISBN 1-90380981-9
- ^ See History of Al-Andalus
- ^ "Admixture analysis based on binary and Y-STR haplotypes indicates a high mean proportion of ancestry from North African (10.6%) ranging from zero in Gascony to 21.7% in Northwest Castile", The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, Adams et al. 2008
- ^ "The study shows that religious conversions and the subsequent marriages between people of different lineage had a relevant impact on modern populations both in Spain, especially in the Balearic Islands, and in Portugal", The religious conversions of Jews and Muslims have had a profound impact on the population of the Iberian Peninsula, Elena Bosch, 2008
- ^ Richard Fletcher. Moorish Spain p10. University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0520084964
- ^ specialist of Spain history, Aline Angoustures. L'Espagne page 17. Le cavalier bleu, 2004. ISBN 2-84670-078-8
- ^ For an introduction to the culture of the Azawagh Arabs, see: Rebecca Popenoe, Feeding Desire — Fatness, Beauty and Sexuality among a Saharan People. Routledge, London (2003) ISBN 0415280966
- ^ Curl p.502
- ^ Pevsner — The penguin dictionary of architecture
- ^ G. Mokhtar."General History of Africa: Ancient Civilizations of Africa", pg 427
- ^ "Studies of ancient crania from northern Africa", AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 83:35-48 (1990)
- ^ Arredi et al. (2004), A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa, Am J Hum Genet. 2004 August; 75(2): 338–345.
- ^ a b Nathalie Gérard et al., "North African Berber and Arab Influences in the Western Mediterranean Revealed by Y-Chromosome DNA Haplotypes", Human Biology, Volume 78, Number 3, June 2006, pp. 307–316.
- ^ Biologisk institutt
External links
.^ Encyclopedia.com - Moors Cavalhadas Spanish's Arab Connection: Spanish Words Derived from Arabic .- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Click the cover or visit the on-line store at http://www.moorsgate.com/online-store/ .- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Click the cover or go to http://www.moorsgate.com/online-store/ ) .- MOORS GATE 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.moorsgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ History Of The Moors Of Spain - Presentation Transcript .- History Of The Moors Of Spain 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.slideshare.net [Source type: Original source]
^ Rose Brewer is Associate Professor of African American & African Studies at the University of Minnesota.- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Empire of the Moors - African History - Origins of The Nation Brilliance of the Moors Moorish History .- Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation 11 January 2010 23:17 UTC www.zulunation.com [Source type: Original source]
Othello's Predecessors: Moors in Renaissance Popular Literature: (outline).
Folger Shakespeare Library, 1998.