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For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation).
A pair of motorcycles packed for touring
.A motorcycle (also called a motorbicycle, motorbike, bike, or cycle) is a single-track,[1] two-wheeled[2] motor vehicle.^ And in this case we’re not disappointed with their latest effort appropriately called ”Two Wheel Terrors Vol.

 ^ The U.S. Department of Defense is engaging the Motorcycle Safety Foundation to conduct focus groups hoping to identify ways of reducing two-wheel "Private Motor Vehicle" mishaps among military motorcyclists.

 ^ XS 650 Yamaha Cycle Links, street bikes, choppers, vintage, motorcycle clubs, racing, cafe, street cruisers .
  • XS 650 Yamaha Cycle Links, street bikes, choppers, vintage, motorcycle clubs, racing, cafe, street cruisers 16 January 2010 15:30 UTC 650motorcycles.com [Source type: News]

 .Motorcycles vary considerably depending on the task for which they are designed, such as long distance travel, navigating congested urban traffic, cruising, sport and racing, or off-road conditions.^ We can't wait to talk to Jonah about how he has prepped for the premier off-road race in the world today.

 ^ They are based on original wartime allied test flights flown with damaged planes, or with such equipment that the planes do not represent a normal fighter variant.
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.Motorcycles are the most affordable form of motorised transport in many parts of the world and, for most of the world's population, they are also the most common type of motor vehicle.^ There are a great many single-seater fighters in the world that I have not flown, but I had formed my opinion of the flight characteristics of the Messerschmitt after studying it on the ground and before flying it.
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 ^ Forbes commented, "While motorcycling is fun recreation and affordable transportation, it is important to remain focused on safety.

 ^ His groundbreaking research published in 1981 continues to form the basis of many of the country's motorcycle safety programs and is credited with saving countless lives.

 [3][4][5] .There are around 200 million motorcycles (including mopeds, motor scooters and other powered two and three-wheelers) in use worldwide,[6] or about 33 motorcycles per 1000 people.^ Not all of his work is based around motorcycles; he does incredible portraiture as well, and other genres.Mark Mederski,… .

 ^ I'm riding less for a variety of reasons and that means there is less going on that inspires me to write about motorcycles on a regular basis.

 ^ There's no time to hang around and worry about the take off.
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 This compares to around 590 million cars, or about 91 per 1000 people. Most of the motorcycles, 58%, are in the developing countries of Asia—Southern and Eastern Asia, and the Asia Pacific countries, excluding Japan—while 33% of the cars (195 million) are concentrated in the United States and Japan. As of 2002, in the two countries of India and China, there were a total of only 15 million cars,[7] but 71 million motorcycles.[8]

Contents

History

Main article: Motorcycle history
Replica of the Daimler-Maybach Reitwagen
A 1913 Fabrique National in-line four with shaft drive from Belgium
The first internal combustion petroleum fueled motorcycle was the Daimler Reitwagen. .It was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt in 1885.[9] This vehicle was unlike either the safety bicycles and boneshaker bicycles of the era in that it had zero degrees of steering axis angle and no fork offset, and thus not using the principles of bicycle and motorcycle dynamics developed 30 years earlier.^ That means it was built just five years after Francesco Laverda decided to create a lightweight motorcycle for his own use.

 ^ And this machine is an original condition, original paint example.From the Bonhams press release:"The Hildebrand brothers, Henry and Wilhelm, developed their motorcycle in… .

 ^ English interior designer, Barrend Massow built a panther shaped motorcycle.

 Instead, it relied on two outrigger wheels to remain upright while turning.[10] The inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). It was designed as an expedient testbed for their new engine, rather than a true prototype vehicle.[11][12] .Many authorities define motorcycle this way, excluding steam engined as well as electric and diesel two-wheelers, and thus give credit the Daimler Reitwagen as the world's first motorcycle.^ Harry Hurt, one of the world's foremost authorities on motorcycle crashes and their causes, has died.

 ^ His groundbreaking research published in 1981 continues to form the basis of many of the country's motorcycle safety programs and is credited with saving countless lives.

 ^ This is the first of a series of Field Tests in which we'll give real riders real riding gear and have them tell us how it works in the real world.

 [13][14]
.If a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first was the French Michaux-Perreaux steam bicycle of 1868.[11][12] This was followed by the American Roper steam velocipede of 1869.[11][12] One such machine was demonstrated at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867, built by Sylvester Howard Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts.^ It is one of the first production motorcycles ever made.

 ^ Two Wheel Terrors 2 is stuffed with cool motorcycles covering everything, I think, except crotch rockets and big touring bikes.

 ^ I had always considered the Pulsar 200 to be one of the most propotionate and good looking motorcycle to have graced our Indian roads.

 [9]
A pre-war Polish Sokół 1000
.In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called, in German, a motorrad, that is, a motorcycle.^ It is one of the first production motorcycles ever made.

 ^ It's quite rare for any pre-1900 motorcycle to come up for sale, but the Hildebrand & Wolfmüller is the granddaddy of our whole two-wheeled family, the first machine to be called explicitly a motorcycle ('motorrad' auf Deutsche), and the first in any reasonable series production.

 ^ You are looking at an original circa 1895 Hildebrand & Wolfmüller motorcycle and Bonhams will auction it in Stafford, England on April 25th, 2010.

 [11][12][15] In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. .As the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased.^ All high powered single engine propeller planes, especially with large blades, have swing effect when you increase power suddenly.
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 ^ The Kawasaki Z1000 is now a lighter and more powerful naked literbike that was graced with a new aluminum frame, a bigger engine, and sharp, linear styling.

 ^ AirHead – Air Powered Motorcycle Design Concept .
.Until World War I, the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world was Indian,[16][17] producing over 20,000 bikes per year.^ Photo Credit: Indian Motorcycle The Los Angeles Times reports on Indian Motorcycle’s new dealerships in California and the regulations the motorcycle manufacturer had to meet to sell bikes there.

 ^ I had only had Japanese bikes so far, for more than 20 years, and never had a problem.

 ^ What year is your bike: XS 650 Microfiche: Motorcycle Videos .
  • XS 650 Yamaha Cycle Links, street bikes, choppers, vintage, motorcycle clubs, racing, cafe, street cruisers 16 January 2010 15:30 UTC 650motorcycles.com [Source type: News]

 [18] .By 1920, this honour went to Harley-Davidson, with their motorcycles being sold by dealers in 67 countries.^ Photo Credit: Harley-Davidson As an added incentive, customers who trade-in an eligible competitive motorcycle toward the purchase of an eligible Harley-Davidson motorcycle by January 31, 2010, will receive the dealer-negotiated trade-in value plus $500 towards the final purchase price.

 ^ Harley-Davidson has invited competitive riders to trade in their non-Harley-Davidson motorcycles for a new untitled Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

 ^ Custom Chrome is recalling certain aftermarket Santee Bonanza motorcycle handlebars sold as replacement equipment for various Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

 [19][20] By the late 1920s or early 1930s, DKW took over as the largest manufacturer.[21][22][23]
.After World War II, the BSA Group became the largest producer of motorcycles in the world, producing up to 75,000 bikes per year in the 1950s.^ What year is your bike: XS 650 Microfiche: Motorcycle Videos .
  • XS 650 Yamaha Cycle Links, street bikes, choppers, vintage, motorcycle clubs, racing, cafe, street cruisers 16 January 2010 15:30 UTC 650motorcycles.com [Source type: News]

 ^ CRP’s goal is to innovate in the world of motorcycle roadracing and the all electric race bike seems to be a good fit for the company.

 ^ Motorcycle show at DC convention centerWashington ExaminerAP WASHINGTON — The Washington convention center is hosting the Cycle World International Motorcycle Show with displays of new motorcycles and custom bikes.

 [citation needed] The German company NSU held the position of largest manufacturer from 1955 until the 1970s.[citation needed]
NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season
In the 1950s, streamlining began to play an increasing part in the development of racing motorcycles and the "dustbin fairing" held out the possibility of radical changes to motorcycle design. NSU and Moto-Guzzi were in the vanguard of this development both producing very radical designs well ahead of their time.[24] NSU produced the most advanced design, but after the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing.[25] Moto-Guzzi produced competitive race machines, and by 1957 nearly all the Grand Prix races were being won by streamlined machines.[citation needed] The following year, 1958, full enclosure fairings were banned from racing by the FIM in the light of the safety concerns.
.From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular worldwide, partly as a result of East German Walter Kaaden's engine work in the 1950s.^ Megan Fox or those two-stroke 500s from the early-1990s?

 ^ We had a 20 millimeter gun through the propellor, and two 15 millimeters (actually 2 x 7,92 mms) on top of the engine.
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 [26]
.Today, the motorcycle industry is mainly dominated by Japanese companies such as Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha, although Harley-Davidson and BMW continue to be popular and supply considerable markets.^ Honda Yamaha Kawasaki KTM Husqvarna Suzuki..no posted 2010 contingency at this time Photo by Jenn_Jenn.

 ^ Harley-Davidson has invited competitive riders to trade in their non-Harley-Davidson motorcycles for a new untitled Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

 ^ Custom Chrome is recalling certain aftermarket Santee Bonanza motorcycle handlebars sold as replacement equipment for various Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

 Other major manufacturers include Piaggio group of Italy, KTM, Triumph and Ducati.
.In addition to the large capacity motorcycles, there is a large market in smaller capacity (less than 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries.^ I'm riding less for a variety of reasons and that means there is less going on that inspires me to write about motorcycles on a regular basis.

 .An example is the 1958 Honda Super Cub, which went on to become the biggest selling vehicle of all time, with its 60 millionth unit produced in April 2008.[27] Today, this area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero Honda emerging as the world's largest manufacturer of two wheelers.^ In 1979, the Honda CBX Super Sport was the fastest production motorcycle in the world.

 ^ Surely all of the planes of that time had features, that were unpleasant, just as well as many planes today have.
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 ^ Photo Credit: Indian Motorcycle The Los Angeles Times reports on Indian Motorcycle’s new dealerships in California and the regulations the motorcycle manufacturer had to meet to sell bikes there.

 [28] .For example, its Splendor model which has sold more than 8.5 million to date.^ Spitfire Mk.IX on the other hand carrier 87,5 pounds of ballast - more than Carson's example.
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 [29]

Technical aspects

A Suzuki GS500 with a clearly visible frame (painted silver).

Construction

See also: Motorcycle construction and Motorcycle design
Motorcycle construction is the engineering, manufacturing, and assembly of components and systems for a motorcycle which results in performance, cost and aesthetics desired by the designer. .With some exceptions, construction of modern mass-produced motorcycles has standardised on a steel or aluminium frame, telescopic forks holding the front wheel, and disc brakes.^ It’s good having a friend in the machine shop business, because he came through for me with some wonderful custom brackets that would attach to the front brake calipers.

 ^ Unlike the Hyper-lite brake lights, the front running lights weren’t so simple to install: the wiring was more involved and I needed to make some brackets because the lights were going to be mounted low on the forks.

 ^ This will be the 3rd time in a month (front wheel replacement, and fork bearing adjustment).

 Some other body parts, designed for either aesthetic or performance reasons may be added. .A petrol powered engine typically consisting of between one and four cylinders (and less commonly, up to eight cylinders) coupled to a manual five- or six-speed sequential transmission drives the swingarm-mounted rear wheel by a chain, driveshaft or belt.^ Me 109 G: "Landing: landing glide using engine power and the following light wheel touchdown was easy and non-problematic.
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 ^ As already the climbing time, then also the British maximum speeds give a clear reference to, that the available engine did not even obtain the power output for climb/combat power.
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 ^ Its more powerful engine meant higher power settings whose initial climb rate sent it soaring to 18700 feet in six minutes, but at low speed the plane was difficult to handle."
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Fuel economy

.Motorcycle fuel economy varies greatly with engine displacement and riding style[30] ranging from a low of 29 mpg-US (8.1 L/100 km; 35 mpg-imp) reported by a Honda VTR1000F rider,[31] to 107 mpg-US (2.20 L/100 km; 129 mpg-imp) reported for the Verucci Nitro 50 cc Scooter.^ This was preceded by elevator buffet and opening the slats about 20 mph (30 km/h) above the stall, these being accompanied by the unpleasant aileron snatching as the slats opened unevenly.
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 [32] A specially designed Matzu Matsuzawa Honda XL125 achieved 470 mpg-US (0.50 L/100 km; 560 mpg-imp) "on real highways - in real conditions."[33] .Due to lower engine displacements (100 cc–200 cc), motorcycles in developing countries offer good fuel economy.^ C3 fuel was equivalent to 100/145 grade fuel by Allied standards, which is remarkably good.
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 [citation needed] In the Indian market, the second most selling company, Bajaj, offers two models with superior fuel economy: XCD 125 and Platina. Both are 125 cc motorbikes with a company-claimed fuel economy of 256 mpg-US (0.919 L/100 km; 307 mpg-imp) and 261 mpg-US (0.901 L/100 km; 313 mpg-imp), respectively.[citation needed]

Electric motorcycles

Main article: Electric motorcycle
.Very high fuel economy equivalents can be derived by electric motorcycles.^ Daimler Benz engines could compete with British and US engines using high octane fuels and very hard alloys, while itself using only 87 octane fuel.
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 ^ Comoto – a Very Lightweight Electric Motorcycle .

 Electric motorcycles are nearly silent, zero-emission electric motor-driven vehicles. .Operating range and top speed suffer because of limitations of battery technology.^ It was usually because you exceeded diving speed limits.
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 [citation needed] Fuel cells and petroleum-electric hybrids are also under development to extend the range and improve performance of the electric motors.

Dynamics

Racing motorcycles leaning in a turn.
Main article: Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics
.Different types of motorcycles have different dynamics and these play a role in how a motorcycle performs in given conditions.^ Other types, including the British, French, American and Italian planes, different often wildly from their "paper performance".
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 For example, a longer wheelbase provides more stability in a straight line.[34] Motorcycle tyres have a large influence over handling.
.Motorcycles must be leaned in order to make turns.^ Youths charged in theft of motorcycleAuburn CitizenThe APD said it recovered the stolen motorcycle, which had been painted in order to make identifying it more difficult.

 This lean is induced by the method known as countersteering, in which the rider steers the handlebars in the direction opposite of the desired turn. .Because it is counter-intuitive this practice is often very confusing to novices—and even to many experienced motorcyclists.^ Indeed many fresh young pilots thought they were pulling very tight turns even when the slats were still closed against the wing.
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 [35]
.Short wheelbase motorcycles, such as sport bikes, can generate enough torque at the rear wheel, and enough stopping force at the front wheel, to lift the opposite wheel off the road.^ Two Wheel Terrors 2 is stuffed with cool motorcycles covering everything, I think, except crotch rockets and big touring bikes.

 ^ You’ll have to lift your head up to look around, because the sitting position forces you to curl into the shape of the bike.

 ^ The “Ride on Time” sale at selected Honda Motorcycle Dealerships runs from December 10 to 12, 2009 and includes both on-road and off-road bikes, some with a bonus for the sale period only.

 These actions, if performed on purpose, are known as wheelies and stoppies respectively. If carried past the point of recovery the resulting upset is known as an "endo" (short for "end-over-end"), or "looping" the vehicle.

Accessories

Main article: Motorcycle accessories
Various features and accessories may be attached to a motorcycle either as OEM (factory-fitted) or after-market. .Such accessories are selected by the owner to enhance the motorcycle's appearance, safety, performance, or comfort, and may include anything from mobile electronics to sidecars and trailers.^ Irvine, California (January 7, 2010) - The California Highway Patrol selected the Motorcycle Safety Foundation to administer the California Motorcyclist Safety Program (CMSP) for the fourth consecutive time.

Social aspects

Main article: Motorcycling

Popularity

Motorbikes are the primary form of transportation in Vietnam.
In numerous cultures, motorcycles are the primary means of motorised transport. .According to the Taiwanese government, for example, "the number of automobiles per ten thousand population is around 2,500, and the number of motorcycles is about 5,000."[36] In places such as Vietnam, motorcycle use is extremely high due to a lack of public transport and low income levels that put automobiles out of reach for many.^ When put into a full throttle climb at low air speeds, the airplane climbed at a very steep angle, and our fighters used to have difficulty in keeping their sights on the enemy even when at such a height that their rates of climb were comparible.
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 ^ These opened out at low speed or at high speed under high G loads, and restored to airflow (=lift) which would have been long separated otherwise due to turbulance.
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 ^ After about 3 days, i decided to take the battery out and just put it in the house.

 [3] In Vietnam, motorised traffic consist of mostly motorbikes.[4] The four largest motorcycle markets in the world are all in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam.[3] The motorcycle is also popular in Brazil's frontier towns.[5] Amid the global economic downturn of 2008, the motorcycle market grew by 6.5%.[37]
Recent years have seen an increase in the popularity of motorcycles elsewhere. .In the USA, registrations increased by 51% between 2000 and 2005.[38] This is mainly attributed to increasing fuel prices and urban congestion,[39] but is also partly due to television programmes such as reality show American Chopper, or adventure-travel shows such as Long Way Down.^ C3 fuel was used like water/methanol to cool down the mixture so that you can increase the pressure in the cylinders.
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 [citation needed]

Subcultures

Sunbeam motorcycle owners rally, 2008.
A Hells Angels wall mural in Southampton, UK
See also: Motorcycle club, Outlaw motorcycle club, and Category:Motorcycling subculture
Around the world, motorcycles have historically been associated with subcultures. Some of these subcultures have been loose-knit social groups such as the cafe racers of 1950s Britain, and the Mods and Rockers of the 1960s. A few are believed to be criminal gangs.
Social motorcyclist organisations are popular and are sometimes organised geographically, focus on individual makes, or even specific models. Example motorcycle clubs include: American Motorcyclist Association, Harley Owners Group and BMW MOA. .Some organisations hold large international motorcycle rallies in different parts of the world that are attended by many thousands of riders.^ Motorcycle show at DC convention centerWashington ExaminerAP WASHINGTON — The Washington convention center is hosting the Cycle World International Motorcycle Show with displays of new motorcycles and custom bikes.
.Whereas many social motorcycle organisations raise money for charities through organised events and rides, some other motorcycle organisations exist only for the direct benefit of others.^ Stacey and I were planning a ride out to the coast for a BMWRO event this weekend, but I caught some evil respiratory infection, probably during the plane ride back from Colorado.

 ^ In the spirit of winter, here are some videos I found on YouTube that show motorcycles and snow can exist harmoniously!

 ^ Harley-Davidson Garage Party events provide a fun, social environment for women to learn about the sport of motorcycling, as well as meet other women who are interested in riding.

 Bikers Against Child Abuse (BACA) is one example. BACA assigns members to individual children to help them through difficult situations, or even stay with the child if the child is alone or frightened.[40]
In recent decades, motorcyclists have formed political lobbying organisations in order to influence legislators to introduce motorcycle-friendly legislation. One of the oldest such organisations, the British Motorcycle Action Group, was founded in 1973 specifically in response to helmet compulsion, introduced without public consultation.[41] In addition, the British Motorcyclists Federation (BMF), originally founded in 1960 as a reaction to the public perception of motorcyclists as leather-jacketed hooligans, has itself moved into political lobbying. .Likewise, the U.S. has ABATE, which, like most such organisations, also works to improve motorcycle safety, as well as running the usual charity fund-raising events and rallies, often for motorcycle-related political interests.^ Not all of his work is based around motorcycles; he does incredible portraiture as well, and other genres.Mark Mederski,… .

 ^ Will the UK's next batch of MPs make better use of the benefits that motorcycle and scooter use has to offer in British cities where most of us live – like cutting congestion and related pollution, reducing overcrowding on public transport for commuter rammed commuters – and reducing journey times between home and work?

 ^ Harley-Davidson Garage Party events provide a fun, social environment for women to learn about the sport of motorcycling, as well as meet other women who are interested in riding.

 [42]
At the other end of the spectrum from the charitable organizations and the motorcycle rights activists are the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. These are defined by the Provincial Court of Manitoba as: "Any group of motorcycle enthusiasts who have voluntarily made a commitment to band together and abide by their organizations' rigorous rules enforced by violence, who engage in activities that bring them and their club into serious conflict with society and the law".[43] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Criminal Intelligence Service Canada have designated four MCs as Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs), which are the Pagans, Hells Angels, Outlaws MC, and Bandidos,[44][45] known as the "Big Four".[46]

Mobility

A couple ride on a motorcycle in Udaipur, India. Annual sales of motorcycles in India is expected to exceed 10 million by 2010.[47]
.While people choose to ride motorcycles for various reasons, those reasons are increasingly practical, with riders opting for a powered two-wheeler as a cost-efficient alternative to infrequent and expensive public transport systems, or as a means of avoiding or reducing the effects of urban congestion.^ Will the UK's next batch of MPs make better use of the benefits that motorcycle and scooter use has to offer in British cities where most of us live – like cutting congestion and related pollution, reducing overcrowding on public transport for commuter rammed commuters – and reducing journey times between home and work?

 ^ Anytime a fellow motorcycle rider is hit and/or killed by a motorist we as an industry are put on “notice” as to the frailty of life, (and the stupidity of some people).

 ^ I'm riding less for a variety of reasons and that means there is less going on that inspires me to write about motorcycles on a regular basis.

 [48] In places where it is permitted, lane splitting, also known as filtering, allows motorcycles to use the space between vehicles to move through stationary or slow traffic.[49]
In the UK, motorcycles are exempt from the £8 per day London congestion charge other vehicles must pay to enter the city during the day. Motorcycles are also exempt from toll charges at some river crossings, such as the Severn Bridge, Dartford Crossing, and Mersey Tunnels. Some cities, such as Bristol, allow motorcycles to use bus lanes and provide dedicated free parking. In the United States, those states that have high-occupancy vehicle lanes also allow for motorcycle travel in them. Other countries have similar policies.
In Australia many toll roads are free of tolls for motorcycles, and in some Australian cities (e.g. Melbourne) motorcycles can be parked on footpaths, allowing motorcyclists to park easily in the centre in of the central business district.[citation needed]
.In New Zealand motorcycle riders are not required to pay for parking that is controlled by a barrier arm;[50] the arm does not occupy the entire width of the lane, and the motorcyclist simply rides around it.^ Dixie Rider National Motorcycle News announced today that the publication will change its name to U.S. RiderNews with the January 2005 issue.

 ^ Harley-Davidson has invited competitive riders to trade in their non-Harley-Davidson motorcycles for a new untitled Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

 [51] .Many car parks controlled in this way supply special areas for motorcycles to park, so as not to unnecessarily consume spaces.^ What’s your way of dealing with the Parked Motorcycle Syndrome (PMS)?

 ^ VICARIOUS RIDE. Many of us want to see exotic places from the seat of a motorcycle, but such adventures are expensive, time-consuming and often dangerous.
.In many cities that have serious parking challenges for cars, such as San Francisco, US and Melbourne, Australia, motorcycles are generally permitted to park on the sidewalk, rather than occupy a space on the street which might otherwise be used by a car.^ G series were much better on this regard compared to 109 E, which yet again wasn't such a dog as many claim.
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 ^ Not to mention it`s valuable quality that it never caught fire during landing on the belly after a fatal hit, in contrast to many other type, with which such emergency procedure put us at a serious risk because of the danger of fire and explosion.
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 ^ Well except perhaps that some might find that the choice of pop combo used to play the melodic backing music is rather apt.

 [citation needed]

Safety

Main articles: Motorcycle safety and Motorcycle safety clothing
.Motorcycles have a higher rate of fatal accidents than automobiles.^ I found that the Bf 109 E was faster, possessed a higher rate of climb, but was somewhat less manouverable than the RAF fighters.
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 United States Department of Transportation data for 2005 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System show that for passenger cars, 18.62 fatal crashes occur per 100,000 registered vehicles. For motorcycles this figure is higher at 75.19 per 100,000 registered vehicles – four times higher than for cars.[52] .The same data show that 1.56 fatalities occur per 100 million vehicle miles travelled for passenger cars, whereas for motorcycles the figure is 43.47 – 28 times higher than for cars.^ In the same time she started rotating, and I came out of the cloud with less than one kilometer of altitude.
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 Furthermore for motorcycles the accident rates have increased significantly since the end of the 1990s, while the rates have dropped for passenger cars.
Wearing a motorcycle helmet reduces the chances of death or injury in a motorcycle crash
.The two major causes of motorcycle accidents in the United States are: motorists pulling out or turning in front of motorcyclists and violating their rights-of-way and motorcyclists running wide through turns.^ In this way one could out-turn the Spitfire - and I shot down six of them doing it.
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 ^ It depended on speed, if you pulled more,they came out, then back in The slats came out completely, never half-way?
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 ^ Two P-51 shootdowns with three-cannon Messerschmitt 109 G-6/R6: "I got both in a turning battle, out-turning them.
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 .The former is sometimes called a SMIDSY, an acronym formed from the motorists' common response of "Sorry mate, I didn't see you".[53] The latter is more commonly caused by operating a motorcycle while intoxicated.^ If you have a picture of your 650 Motorcycle, we would love to see it and post it on the website for all 650 Motorcycle enthusiasts to view.
  • XS 650 Yamaha Cycle Links, street bikes, choppers, vintage, motorcycle clubs, racing, cafe, street cruisers 16 January 2010 15:30 UTC 650motorcycles.com [Source type: News]

 ^ And when it comes to motorcycles, it doesn’t get much more elemental than old-school standards with so little bodywork, you can ...

 [54] Motorcyclists can anticipate and avoid some of these crashes with proper training, increasing their conspicuousness to other traffic, and separating alcohol and riding.
.The United Kingdom has several organisations which are dedicated to improving motorcycle safety by providing advanced rider training over and above what is necessary to pass the basic motorcycle test.^ The Motorcycle Safety Caucus encourages motorcyclists to get trained and licensed, obey traffic… Bike EXIF Daily Update .

 These include the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). Along with increased personal safety, riders with these advanced qualifications often benefit from reduced insurance costs.
An MSF rider course for novices
.Motorcycle Safety Education is offered throughout the United States by organisations ranging from state agencies to non-profit organisations to corporations.^ Mert's Hands New Non-Profit Corporation .

 The courses, designed by the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF), include a Basic Rider Course, an Intermediate Rider Course and an Advanced Rider Course.
In the UK (except Northern Ireland) and some Australian jurisdictions, such as Victoria, New South Wales,[55] the Australian Capital Territory,[56] Tasmania[57] and the Northern Territory,[58] it is compulsory to undertake a rider training course before being issued a Learners Licence.
.In Canada, motorcycle rider training is compulsory in Quebec and Manitoba only, but all provinces and territories have Graduated Licensing programs which place restrictions on new drivers until they have gained experience.^ Dixie Rider National Motorcycle News announced today that the publication will change its name to U.S. RiderNews with the January 2005 issue.

 ^ The Motorcycle Safety Caucus encourages motorcyclists to get trained and licensed, obey traffic… Bike EXIF Daily Update .

 ^ I have talked about this with several Bf 109 veterans and none of them has claimed gradual operation, they all explain their working as slamming in and out.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Eligibility for a full motorcycle licence or endorsement for completing a Motorcycle Safety course varies by province. .The Canada Safety Council, a non-profit safety organisation, offers the Gearing Up program across Canada and is endorsed by the Motorcycle and Moped Industry Council.^ Claims of continuing growth in both the United States as well as Canada were made by the British motorcycle manufacturer adn the trade advocacy group, the Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC).

 [59] Training course graduates may qualify for reduced insurance premiums.

Types

Main article: Types of motorcycles
A boulevard cruiser (front) and a sportbike (background)
.There are three major types of motorcycle: street, off-road, and dual purpose.^ There were three interim types in Utti that I should have flown.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Within these types, there are many different sub-types of motorcycles for many different purposes.^ There was large differences between various types in the high speed controls.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Street bikes include cruisers, sportbikes, scooters and mopeds, and many other types.^ (We are talking about comfort when many other bikes would… the vintagent .

 .Off-road motorcycles include many types designed for dirt-oriented racing classes such as motocross and are not street legal in most areas.^ The KTM Ride Orange Crew will be in Phoenix, AZ this weekend to host both a street and off-road demo ride.

 ^ We can't wait to talk to Jonah about how he has prepped for the premier off-road race in the world today.

 ^ VICARIOUS RIDE. Many of us want to see exotic places from the seat of a motorcycle, but such adventures are expensive, time-consuming and often dangerous.

 .Dual purpose machines like the dual-sport style are made to go off-road but include features to make them legal and comfortable on the street as well.^ As the wing passes the threshold downwind - take all the power off and roll into the finals turn, cranking the flap like mad as you go.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The KTM Ride Orange Crew will be in Phoenix, AZ this weekend to host both a street and off-road demo ride.

 ^ KTM Street and Off-Road Demo Rides in USA this Weekend in Phoenix .
Each configuration offers either specialised advantage or broad capability, and each design creates a different riding posture.

Motorcycle rider postures

The motorcyclist's riding position depends on rider body-geometry (anthropometry) combined with the geometry of the motorcycle itself. These factors create a set of three basic postures.[60]
.
  • Sport — the rider leans forwards into the wind and the weight of the upper torso is supported by air pressure as long as the motorcycle is travelling at speed, typically above 50 mph (80 km/h).^ At speeds above 100 mph, the pilot has the impression of diving, and below 80 mph one of sinking.
    • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ When you sit on a sport bike you’ll be tilted forward with your feet back behind your seat and some of your weight resting on your wrists.

     ^ So down we went about 2,000 feet with the air speed indicator amusing itself by adding a lot of big numbers - to a little over 400 mph.
    • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     The footpegs are below the rider or to the rear. The reduced frontal area cuts wind resistance and allow higher speeds. However, at low-speed this position throws the weight of the rider onto the arms instead, and this is quickly tiring to the wrists of unfamiliar riders. .Moreover, the sports position makes it more difficult for the rider to look around and foot through traffic.^ Youths charged in theft of motorcycleAuburn CitizenThe APD said it recovered the stolen motorcycle, which had been painted in order to make identifying it more difficult.

     ^ You’ll have to lift your head up to look around, because the sitting position forces you to curl into the shape of the bike.

     ^ Forward view can only be described as apalling, and due to the tail/brake arrangement this makes weaving more difficult than on other similar types.
    • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Many sport bikes have narrow, swept-back handlebars, or clip-ons (short stubs clamped to the telescopic fork tubes).^ When you sit on a sport bike you’ll be tilted forward with your feet back behind your seat and some of your weight resting on your wrists.

     .Following the style of racing bikes, most have full-fairings and often come with almost complete engine enclosure, although motorcycles with a sport riding position are becoming more diverse with the marketing of factory naked bikes, streetfighters, retro cafe racers, and other blends of styles, having varying riding positions somewhere in the range from sport to standard.^ Zoom.Sport bikes are made for racing.

     ^ This is a basic bike that comes fairly “naked” with an exposed engine and higher ground clearance (and therefore seat height), so you can jump logs or curbs and ford streams or ditches.

     ^ By 1952, Laverda had created a factory team of four racing bikes to enter into the Milano-Taranta road race—and when all four bikes finished the race, the Laverda name was… .

     [61]
  • Standard — the rider sits upright or leans forwards slightly. The feet are below the rider, not too far to the front or back. .These are straightforward, versatile motorcycles that are not too specialized for one task, but don't excel in one area either.^ And in our modern motorcycle kingdom one genus has evolved to best tackle this task – the Sport Tourers.

     ^ I don't usually comment much on the motorcycle news stuff, there are other blogs that specialize in that so why duplicate the effort?

     [62] Standards are used in touring, commuting, and sporting, and are good for beginners.[61] .The rider enjoys the benefits of freedom of head movement, good visibility in all directions, and easier use of the feet while moving through stationary traffic.
  • Cruiser — the rider sits at a lower seat height with the upper torso upright or leaning slightly rearwards.^ We used to fire all guns when in good position.
    • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ "Hurricane: With that big rudder it was easier to control early direction than the Spit and the forward view was better, as the seat is farther forward on the wing and higher up.
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     Legs are extended forwards, sometimes out of reach of the regular controls on cruiser pegs. .The low seat heights can be a consideration for new or short riders.^ The French data is for an early-type DB601A with low full throttle height, while at the time of the Battle of Britain, the new type with increased full throttle height and accordingly increased top speed was available.
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     Handlebars tend to be high, and wide. Harley-Davidsons are exemplars of this style.[63] .The emphasis is on comfort, while compromising cornering ability because of low ground clearance and the greater likelihood of scraping foot pegs, floor boards, or other parts if turns are taken at the speeds other types of motorcycles can do.^ A bolt had fallen out and the peg swung down towards the ground with a couple inches of clearance.

     [64][65]
Important factors of a motorcycle's ergonomic geometry that determine the seating posture include the height, angle and location of footpegs, seat and handlebars. Likewise, factors in a rider's physical geometry that contribute to seating posture include torso, arm, thigh and leg length, and overall rider height.

Legal definitions and restrictions

Main article: Legal definition of motorcycle
.A motorcycle is broadly defined by law in most countries for the purposes of registration, taxation and rider licensing as a powered two-wheel motor vehicle.^ Two Wheel Terrors 2 is stuffed with cool motorcycles covering everything, I think, except crotch rockets and big touring bikes.

 ^ Powerful naked bikes have nearly become a two-wheeled cliché, but Aprilia’s Tuono 1000R Factory offers a visually arresting departure from the crowd.

 ^ The U.S. Department of Defense is engaging the Motorcycle Safety Foundation to conduct focus groups hoping to identify ways of reducing two-wheel "Private Motor Vehicle" mishaps among military motorcyclists.

 Most countries distinguish between mopeds of 49 cc and the more powerful, larger, vehicles (scooters do not count as a separate category). .Many jurisdictions include some forms of three-wheelers as motorcycles.^ This collection includes 23 Harley Davidsons, 3 Three-wheelers, 1 Knucklehead, 2 Shovelheads, 2 Sportsters, 4 Flatheads, 11 Sprints to Bobcats, 4 Indians, many British, European, an...

 ^ His groundbreaking research published in 1981 continues to form the basis of many of the country's motorcycle safety programs and is credited with saving countless lives.

Environmental impact

In 2007 and 2008, motorcycles and scooters, due to good fuel efficiency, attracted interest in the United States from environmentalists and those affected by increased fuel prices.[66][67] .Piaggio Group Americas supported this interest with the launch of a "Vespanomics" website and platform, citing lower per-mile carbon emissions of 0.4 lb/mile (113 g/km) less than the average car, a 65% reduction, and better fuel economy.^ ON. If you have less than 1/4 fuel and the rear pump is not on the engine may stop in the three-point attitude.
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 ^ The $21,000 superbike weighs less than 400 pounds and features a new 65-degree V-4 engine that produces 180 hp and 85 ft lbs of torque.

 ^ One interesting characteristic is that rolls at lower speeds entered at less than 1g, such as a roll-off-the-top or half Cuban, have a markedly lower roll rate to the right than to the left.
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 [68]
.Other sources, however, claim that while motorcycles produce much less pollution in terms of greenhouse gases, a motorcycle can in some cases emit 10–20 times the quantity of nitrogen oxides (NOx) when compared to the NOx emissions of a car.^ G series were much better on this regard compared to 109 E, which yet again wasn't such a dog as many claim.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Some sources claim that the effect on the maximum speed was 50kmh if the flaps were closed manually.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I don't usually comment much on the motorcycle news stuff, there are other blogs that specialize in that so why duplicate the effort?

 [66][69] .This is because many motorcycles lack a catalytic converter to reduce NOx emissions, and whilst catalytic converters have been used in cars long enough that they are now commonplace, they are a relatively new technology in motorcycles.^ With record low sales, repossessions, and record bankruptcy filings, buying new cars and motorcycles was the last thing on everyone’s list.

 ^ It was possible and easy to use both triggers at the same time, because they were electric.
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 ^ You just had to remember to keep her in contact with the ground long enough, you did not try to use too little speed.
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 [66] .However, many newer motorcycles (such as later models of the Yamaha R1 and Suzuki GSXR1000, as well as most BMWs which have included catalytic converers since the 1990s) now have factory fitted catalytic converters.^ VICARIOUS RIDE. Many of us want to see exotic places from the seat of a motorcycle, but such adventures are expensive, time-consuming and often dangerous.

 ^ Motorcycles from Honda, Star, Suzuki and Yamaha .

 Along with other technologies that have taken longer to appear in motorcycles (e.g. fuel injection, anti-lock brake systems),[citation needed] catalytic converters are becoming increasingly commonplace.
.United States Environmental Protection Agency 2007 certification result reports for all vehicles versus on highway motorcycles (which also includes scooters),[70] the average certified emissions level for 12,327 vehicles tested was 0.734. The average "Nox+Co End-Of-Useful-Life-Emissions" for 3,863 motorcycles tested was 0.8531, for a difference of about 16%, not the claimed 10X factor.^ Claims of continuing growth in both the United States as well as Canada were made by the British motorcycle manufacturer adn the trade advocacy group, the Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC).

 ^ I have talked about this with several Bf 109 veterans and none of them has claimed gradual operation, they all explain their working as slamming in and out.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ That is the first quote on Eric Brown's 109 G fligt test report, where he speaks about the slats and the aileron snatch.
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Likewise, if one looks at how many of the 2007 motorcycles tested were also catalytic equipped, 54% of them, 2,092, were equipped with a catalytic converter.^ I had always considered the Pulsar 200 to be one of the most propotionate and good looking motorcycle to have graced our Indian roads.

United States emissions limits

.The following table shows maximum acceptable legal emissions of the combination of hydrocarbon and nitrous oxides, as well as carbon monoxide, for new Class III motorcycles (280 cc or larger displacement) sold in the United States.^ Claims of continuing growth in both the United States as well as Canada were made by the British motorcycle manufacturer adn the trade advocacy group, the Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC).

 ^ Motorcycle show at DC convention centerWashington ExaminerAP WASHINGTON — The Washington convention center is hosting the Cycle World International Motorcycle Show with displays of new motorcycles and custom bikes.

 [71]
Tier Model Year HC+NOx (g/km) CO (g/km)
Tier 1 2006–2009 1.4 12.0
Tier 2 2010 and later 0.8 12.0
The maximum acceptable legal emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide for new Class I and II motorcycles (50 cc–169 cc and 170 cc–279 cc respectively) sold in the United States are as follows:[71]
Model year HC (g/km) CO (g/km)
2006 and later 1.0 12.0

Europe

European emission standards for motorcycles are similar to those for cars. .New motorcycles must meet Euro III standards,[72] while cars must meet Euro V standards.^ Photo Credit: Indian Motorcycle The Los Angeles Times reports on Indian Motorcycle’s new dealerships in California and the regulations the motorcycle manufacturer had to meet to sell bikes there.

 ^ With record low sales, repossessions, and record bankruptcy filings, buying new cars and motorcycles was the last thing on everyone’s list.

 .Therefore, the difference in total pollution between motorcycles and cars that pass European emission standards would be small, certainly much smaller than the 10X factor claimed by the referenced LA Times article.^ Besides, wing aspect ratio has larger effect on the lift/drag characteristics than the Oswald efficiency factor (where the theoretical difference between Spit's and Bf 109's wing is only of magnitude of 0.05), and Bf 109's wing has higher aspect ratio than Spit's...
  • virtualpilots.fi: 109myths 13 January 2010 20:49 UTC www.virtualpilots.fi [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ LAS VEGAS (AP) - Boxer Diego ``Chico' Corrales was riding drunk at more than three times the legal limit when he crashed his motorcycle and died, police said.

 ^ And when it comes to motorcycles, it doesn’t get much more elemental than old-school standards with so little bodywork, you can ...

 Motorcycle emissions controls are being updated and it has been proposed to update to Euro IV in 2012 and Euro V in 2015[73]

See also

References

  1. ^ Foale, Tony (2006). Motorcycle Handling and Chassis Design. Tony Foale Designs. pp. 4–1. ISBN 978-84-933286-3-4. 
  2. ^ Cossalter, Vittore (2006). Motorcycle Dynamics. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4303-0861-4. 
  3. ^ a b c Hiroko Nakata (8 October 2008). "Motorcycle makers battle it out in Vietnam". Japan Times. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20081008a2.html. Retrieved 11 March 2009. 
  4. ^ a b Patti McCracken (1 October 2008). "Vietnam eats, sleeps, and dreams on motorbikes". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/2008/1001/vietnam-eats-sleeps-and-dreams-on-motorbikes. Retrieved 11 March 2009. 
  5. ^ a b Alexei Barrionuevo (3 November 2008). "That Roar in the Jungle Is 15,000 Motorbikes". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/04/world/americas/04tabatinga.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/M/Motorcycles,%20Motor%20Bikes%20and%20Motorscooters. Retrieved 11 March 2009. 
  6. ^ Shuhei(Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., JPN), Adachi (2006), "Fuel Cell Powered Motorcycles", Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan 60 (1): 90–93, ISSN 0385-7298, http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200603/000020060306A0040069.php 
  7. ^ "Passenger Cars; Map No. 31", Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before, 2002, http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/display.php?selected=31  See Technical notes for this data
  8. ^ "Mopeds And Motorcycles Map No. 32", Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before, 2002, http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmapper/display.php?selected=32  See data files for the statistics
  9. ^ a b "The Past—1800s: First motorcycle". The History and Future of Motorcycles and motorcycling—From 1885 to the Future, Total Motorcycle Website. http://www.totalmotorcycle.com/future.htm#1800s. Retrieved 28 June 2007. 
  10. ^ Lienhard, John H. (2005), Inventing Modern: Growing Up with X-Rays, Skyscrapers, and Tailfins, Oxford University Press US, pp. 120–121, ISBN 0195189515 
  11. ^ a b c d Setright, L.J.K. (1979), The Guinness book of motorcycling facts and feats, Guinness Superlatives, pp. 8–18, ISBN 0851122000, 9780851122007 
  12. ^ a b c d Falco, Charles M.; Guggenheim Museum Staff (1998), "Issues in the Evolution of the Motorcycle", The Art of the Motorcycle, Harry N. Abrams, pp. 24–31, ISBN 0892072075 
  13. ^ "motorcycle, n.", Oxford English Dictionary Online, Oxford University Press, March 2009, "1. A two-wheeled motor-driven road vehicle, resembling a bicycle but powered by an internal-combustion engine; (now) spec. one with an engine capacity, top speed, or weight greater than that of a moped." 
  14. ^ Long, Tony (30 August 2007), "Aug. 30, 1885: Daimler Gives World First 'True' Motorcycle", Wired (magazine), ISSN 1059-1028, http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/08/dayintech_0830 
  15. ^ "Brief History of the Marque: Hildebrand & Wolfmuller". Hildebrand & Wolfmuller Motorad, European Motorcycle Universe. http://www.cybermotorcycle.com/euro/brands/hildebrand_wolfmuller.htm. Retrieved 28 June 2007. 
  16. ^ Walker, Mick (2006), Motorcycle: Evolution, Design, Passion, JHU Press, ISBN 0801885302, 9780801885303, http://books.google.com/books?id=AHSlknpjrgAC&pg=PA66&dq=Indian+largest#v=onepage&q=&f=false 
  17. ^ George Hendee, The AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum, http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/hofbiopage.asp?id=68, retrieved 8 August 2009 
  18. ^ Youngblood, Ed (June 2001), "The Rise and Fall", American Motorcyclist (American Motorcyclist Assoc) 55 (0277-9358), http://books.google.com/books?id=FPsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=20,000 
  19. ^ Prashad, Sharda (16 April 2006), "HOG WILD; U of T professor Brendan Calder is one of the legions of baby boomers who have helped to ensure the success of the Harley- Davidson brand name, not to mention its bottom line.", Toronto Star (Toronto, Ont.): A.16, http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/1021570771.html?dids=1021570771:1021570771&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current 
  20. ^ Cato, Jeremy (8 August 2003), "Harley-Davidson at 100", The Vancouver Sun (Vancouver, B.C.): E.1.Fro 
  21. ^ Vance, Bill (24 April 2009), "Motoring Memories: DKW/Auto Union, 1928 - 1966", Canadian Driver, http://www.canadiandriver.com/2009/04/24/motoring-memories-dkw-auto-union-1928-1966.htm 
  22. ^ de Cet, Mirco (2002), The illustrated directory of motorcycles, MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, p. 128, ISBN 0760314179, 9780760314173, http://books.google.com/books?id=wNzyIcw2vxoC 
  23. ^ Walker, Mick (1999), Mick Walker's German Racing Motorcycles, Redline Books, p. 61, ISBN 0953131122, 9780953131129, http://books.google.com/books?id=t5StUPaN3jkC&pg=PA61 
  24. ^ Willoughby, Vic (1982). Exotic Motorcycles. London: Osprey Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0850453224. 
  25. ^ "Rupert Hollaus". Motorsport Memorial. http://www.motorsportmemorial.org/focus.php?db=ms&n=1418. Retrieved 3 April 2008. 
  26. ^ Ed Youngblood. "Motocross goes International, 1947 through 1965". The History of Motocross, Part Two, Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum. http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/exhibits/mx/history2.asp. Retrieved 29 June 2007. 
  27. ^ Squatriglia, Chuck (23 May 2008). "Honda Sells Its 60 Millionth - Yes, Millionth - Super Cub". Autopia. Wired. http://www.wired.com/autopia/2008/05/honda-sells-its/. Retrieved 28 January 2010. 
  28. ^ O'Malley Greenburg, Zack (13 August 2007). "World's Cheapest Car". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2007/08/05/india-autos-cheapest-oped-cz_zog_0813indiaauto.html. Retrieved 28 January 2010. 
  29. ^ "Hero Honda splendor sells more than 8.5 million units". indiacar.net. http://www.indiacar.net/news/n60044.htm. Retrieved 10 August 2008. 
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  32. ^ "Verucci Gas Scooters". Gekgo Worldwide, www.gekgo.com. http://www.gekgo.com/verucci-gas-scooters.html. Retrieved 15 August 2006. 
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  35. ^ Joel Fajans (July 2000). "Steering in bicycles and motorcycles" (PDF). American Journal of Physics, v. 68 (7): 654–59. http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~fajans/pub/pdffiles/SteerBikeAJP.PDF. Retrieved 4 August 2006. 
  36. ^ Chung-Li. "Sustainable Development Indicators for Taiwan". Workshop on Sustainable Development Indicators. http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/eco/html/part5-5.htm. Retrieved 14 August 2006. 
  37. ^ Makiko Kitamura and Tetsuya Komatsu (3 March 2009). "Honda’s $140-a-Month Motorbikes Ease Pain of ‘Grim’ Car Market". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=aoL_x9oQUU44&refer=exclusive. Retrieved 11 March 2009. 
  38. ^ "Popularity of high-performance motorcycles helps push rider deaths to near-record high". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 11 September 2007. http://www.iihs.org/news/rss/pr091107.html. Retrieved 22 October 2008. 
  39. ^ PRNewswire. "Soaring Gas Prices Shine Money-Saving Spotlight on Motorcycles". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUS190576+19-May-2008+PRN20080519. Retrieved 28 January 2010. 
  40. ^ "About BACA". Bikers Against Child Abuse. http://www.bacausa.com/Internet/AboutBACA.php. Retrieved 10 October 2007. 
  41. ^ "About MAG". MAG UK. http://www.mag-uk.org. Retrieved 10 October 2007. 
  42. ^ Some other lobbying organisations are listed in Category:Motorcyclists organizations.
  43. ^ Organized Crime Fact Sheet- Public Safety Canada
  44. ^ FBI Safe Street Violent Crime Initiative - Report Fiscal Year 2000- FBI.org
  45. ^ 2004 Annual Report- Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, cisc.gc.ca
  46. ^ Motorcycle Gangs- Connecticut Gang Investigators Association
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  49. ^ "All the info you need on lanesharing (lanesplitting)". www.WhyBike.com. http://www.whybike.com/motorcycle274.htm. Retrieved 28 June 2007. 
  50. ^ Parking "Drivers guide to Auckland City parking". City of Aukland. 2007. http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/Transport/parking/guide.asp#fees Parking. Retrieved 8 August 2008. 
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