| Mount Agung | |
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 Mount Agung in 1989 |
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Mount Agung
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| Elevation | 3,142 metres (10,308 ft)[1] |
| Location | Bali, Indonesia |
| Prominence | 3,142 m (10,308 ft) |
| Coordinates | 8°20′31.2″S 115°30′28.8″E / 8.342°S 115.508°ECoordinates: 8°20′31.2″S 115°30′28.8″E / 8.342°S 115.508°E |
| Type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | 1964[1] |
| Easiest route | hike |
| Listing | Ultra Ribu |
| Translation | Paramount, The Great Mountain () |
Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain in Bali. This stratovolcano is the highest point on the island. It dominates the surrounding area influencing the climate. The clouds come from the west and Agung takes their water so that the west is lush and green and the east dry and barren.
The Balinese believe that Mount Agung is a replica of Mount Meru, the central axis of the universe. One legend hold that the mountain is a fragment of Meru brought to Bali by the first Hindus. The most important temple on Bali, Pura Besakih, is located high on the slopes of Gunung Agung.[2]
Gunung Agung last erupted in 1963-64 and is still active, with a large and very deep crater which occasionally belches smoke and ash. From a distance, the mountain appears to be perfectly conical, despite the existence of the large crater.
From the peak of the mountain, it is possible to see the peak of Mount Rinjani on the island of Lombok, although both mountains are frequently covered in clouds.
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On February 18, 1963, local residents heard loud explosions and saw clouds rising from the crater of Mount Agung. On February 24, lava began flowing down the northern slope of the mountain, eventually traveling 7 km in the next 20 days. On March 17, the volcano erupted, sending debris 8–10 km into the air and generating massive pyroclastic flows.[3] These flows devastated numerous villages, killing approximately 1500 people. Cold lahars caused by heavy rainfall after the eruption killed an additional 200. A second eruption on May 16 led to pyroclastic flows which killed another 200 inhabitants.[4]
The lava flows missed, sometimes by mere yards, the Mother Temple of Besakih. The saving of the temple is regarded by the Balinese people as miraculous and a signal from the gods that they wished to demonstrate their power but not destroy the monument the Balinese faithful had erected.
There are two routes up the mountain, one from Besakih which proceeds to a higher peak and starts at approximately 1,100 m (3,610 ft) and another which commences higher from Pura Pasar Agung, on the southern slope of the mountain, near Selat and which is reputed to take four hours. There is no path between the two routes at the top. Cecilie Scott[5] provides an account of the ascent from Pura Pasar Agung. Greg Slayden describes a climb from Besakih[6] claimed to have taken a remarkable four and a half hours to the peak and Ken Taylor[7] that took much longer and which included getting lost.
Guides are available in Besakih and the mountain can also be climbed without a guide. The climb from Besakih is quite tough. It is sometimes tackled as a single climb generally starting about 10.00pm for a dawn arrival at the peak and sometimes with an overnight camp about three quarters of the way up. It is far harder than the more popular Balinese climb up Gunung Batur. It is not a mountain that needs ropes and not quite high enough for altitude sickness but adverse weather conditions develop quickly and warm waterproof clothing is required and should be carried. There is no water available along the route.
Proceed through the temple complex then continue on a path that travels continuously upwards on a steep narrow spur through open forest and jungle most of the way. There is little potential to get lost until the route opens up towards the top where the correct route doubles backwards. Many climbers miss this turn and continue up a small valley which can be climbed out of with some difficulty.
Mount Agung travel guide from Wikitravel
Mount Agung (Gunung Agung) is a mountain in East Bali.
Towering 3,142 metres above sea level, Mount Agung is the highest mountain on the island of Bali and the fifth highest in the whole of Indonesia.
Mount Agung has huge spiritual significance to the people of the island, and is home to the 'Mother Temple' of Besakih. It forms part of a chain of volcanos that make up the back bone of Bali.
Balinese legend has it that Agung was created when the Hindu God Pasupati split Mount Meru (the spiritual axis of the universe) and formed Mount Agung with a fragment.
Mount Agung last erupted in 1963 (see information box in this article). This was one of the largest 20th century eruptions anywhere in the world.
Historical eruptions of the volcano are poorly recorded but there was certainly one in the 1820s.
At lower elevations the mountain is covered in lush forest but this soon gives way to a desolate landscape of barren volcanic rock and ash scree. From the peak of Mount Agung the views are extraordinary in all directions but perhaps most dramatic to the east where the sun rises above Mount Rinjani on Lombok.
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The Events of 1963 Mount Agung last erupted in 1963, causing devastation in the eastern part of Bali and beyond. Ancient Balinese texts demand that the most important of Balinese Hindu rituals, the Eka Dasa Rudra, is performed every 100 years to purify our world. Such a ceremony was scheduled at Besakih temple in 1963. In February Mount Agung started to rumble and high priests argued that this was a bad omen from the Gods and that the wrong date had been scheduled for the ceremony. By this time though President Sukarno had arranged to attend with a group of foreign dignatories and he ordered that the event must go ahead. On March 8th the mountain was in a full pre-eruption phase and on March 18th it blew with such force that the top 100 metres or more was blasted away. Lava spewed over much of eastern Bali, a devastating gas cloud swept across villages and ash destroyed all crops. Up to 2,000 people are thought to have died and tens of thousands of homes were destroyed. Quite remarkably, the mother temple of Besakih perched high on the slopes of the mountain was relatively untouched by this event further fuelling the local spritual reasoning for the eruption. Further, many Balinese argued that this eruption was a portent of dreadful things to come and felt vindicated when the whole nation was plunged into civil crisis in 1965. The cleansing rituals from the 1963 ceremonies were finally finished at Besakih in 1979. |
Wild pigs and macaques abound on the forested slopes of Mount Agung. Birdlife is impressive including frequent sightings of hawks and eagles but is not as obvious and easy to observe as in the West Bali National Park.
The best time to climb Mount Agung is in the dry season of April to October. January and February should certainly be avoided if possible due to heavy rain and possible flooding and even landslides in the area.
At lower elevations it remains tropical but becomes distinctly cold and often windy on the high bare rock slopes.
Mount Agung is most commonly approached from the south via Klungkung and Candidasa, from the west via Besakih or from the east via Tirta Gangga and Karangasem. The east coast road north from Amed through Tulamben and onto Singaraja provides some awe-inspiring views of the mountain across flat rubble plans.
Mount Agung is viewed as sacred and for that reason is off limits to climbers during important ceremonies. Your guide will know and will also be able to obtain any necessary permissions from temple administrators for which some nominal donation may be required.
Guide fees may vary between about Rp 400,000 and Rp 1,000,000 depending on how you arrange the guide, the route taken and the level of English expected. Generally it is possible to put all arrangements in place once you reach Bali, but for peace of mind you might want to make contact with guides before you leave home. Some guides speak far better English than others.
There are three climbing routes up the mountain, all are difficult and unless you are physically fit do not even attempt any of these climbs.
From Besakih (west). This is a demanding climb starting close to Besakih temple. The ascent will take about 6 to 7 hours and ends at the very highest point of the mountain. The final hour or so is exceptionally demanding often requiring ascent on all fours. A sensible start time is about 11 PM so that you arrive at the top before dawn and wait for the sunrise. Allow as long to get down as it took you to get up.
From Pura Pasar Agung (south). A three to four hour climb in which time you ascend about 2,000 metres. Not so stiff as the Besakih route. The route ends about 100 metres below the actual summit but the views are excellent in all directions as well as down into the actual crater. A sensible start time would be about 2.30 AM, again with aim of reaching the peak just before dawn.
From Duku Bujangga Sakti (north). A less used route but one which is most appropriate for less experienced climbers and the slightly less physically fit. The ascent starts at 300 metres and involves an overnight camp at 1,700 metres and a final ascent in the pre-dawn hours the following day. This route also allows you to walk around the rim of the crater to the absolute summit of the mountain.
The service of a local guide is absolutely essential. Guides can be arranged in advance via your hotel (especially if you are staying in Candidasa or Amed), at the Pura Pasar Agung temple close to the time of your planned climb or via the following contacts.
Gung Bawa Trekking [1] [2]. Gung Bawa is an experienced local Balinese guide with great reviews since 1996. He will guide you on the Besakih or Pura Pasar Agung route. Has an office in the village of Selat close to the the start of the Pura Pasar Agung trek route. About Rp 500,000 per person.
Pondok Wisata Agung is a simple losmen in the village of Selat and they offer guides for the southern ascent from about Rp 400,000. Tel: +62 366 23037.
MG Trekking [3] at Balina Beach in Candidasa specialise in the little used northern ascent from Duku Bujangga Sakti.
Besakih is known as the Mother Temple of Bali. Besides being the most important temple for the whole of the island, another attraction of Besakih, actually a complex of temples, is its dramatic location on the southern slopes of Mount Agung.
The usual way to get to Besakih is from Klungkung. Besakih is about 20km north of Klungkung and the road is winding at several stretches. There is also a "back" road to Besakih from Kintamani and the hour-long drive is beautiful as you pass through forests, villages and fields as you move from the slopes of the Batur caldera to that of Mount Agung. The road meets the main Besakih-Klungkung road just before the entrance to Besakih. If you are coming from the eastern end of the island, such as from Amed, Tirta Gangga or Candidasa, you can also get to Besakih by taking a smaller inland road from Karangasem. The road goes through small villages like Selat and the Bukit Putung lookout, and meets the Besakih-Klungkung road at Rendang, where you turn north (right) to head up to Besakih. The official car park fee at Besakih is Rp 5,000 per vehicle.
Bemos run to Besakih from Klungkung. They are most frequent in the morning. You may have to change bemos at Rendang halfway between Klungkung and Besakih.
Like most major temples in Bali, the area surrounding Besakih is starting to take the shape of a small town, with many souvenir and eating shops. Besakih can get overrun by quite aggressive touts and souvenir peddlers. As you leave the parking area, you will be stopped at a post and asked to make a donation and assigned a guide. This is on top of your official Rp 10,000 entry fee. The donation book will show many people donating huge amounts but please bear in mind that it is easy to scribble names and numbers with lots of zeros. The people collecting the donation can be quite pushy and will not think twice asking for more money. You could try refusing to pay or try Rp 20,000 as your "first offer". While you may dislike guides, one may be quite useful as he will give a fairly good explanation of Balinese Hinduism and the various temples of Besakih. He can also show you how to pray (they say it does not matter what your religion is) at any of the temples if you so wish. And your "donation" covers the cost of a guide.
Besakih temple complex consists of at least 18 separate temples and numerous other shrines. Each temple has a specific purpose, whether it is for the worship of a particular god, for the use of the people of a particular region of Bali, or for the use of a particular caste. The only way to move around the temples of Besakih is on foot. The complex gradually rises up the slopes of Gunung Agung and there are countless flights of steps. Be ready with a pair of comfortable shoes.
Most temple areas will be off-limits when religious events are being held. When there is nothing happening, you will probably be able to go in and look around from outside the temple compound.
Pura Pasar Agung is one of Bali's nine directional temples and it sits at the start point of one of the ascent routes up Mount Agung. Close to the village of Selat on the main road from Rendang to Karangasem.
The Sidemen/Selat area is stunningly beautiful. It incorporates several valleys in the foothills of Mount Agung on the route between Karangasem and Rendang. The drive through this area is most scenic and one of the very best in Bali. Stunning rice terraces, lush forested hill-sides and the mountain itself, all combine to make this a magical area to visit. If you stop in the village of Selat it is easy to find local guides for undemanding hikes in the area.
Apart from climbing Mount Agung, there are other far less arduous treks available in the area. Ask at your hotel for advice and arranging guides.
The area around the village of Selat provides a lot of options and local guides.
There is a huge complex of souvenir stalls around the entrance to Besakih.
Bring in ample good food with you for your trek. Sunrise on Mount Agung accompanied by a breakfast of fresh fruit and pastries is to be recommended.
Once you start the trek there is nowhere to purchase food.
Once you start the trek there is nowhere to buy water so bring in enough with you. A flask of hot coffee or tea is also a good idea.
Many of the visitors who decide to climb Mount Agung stay in either Candidasa, Amed or the Tirta Gangga area.
Pondok Wisata Agung, Tel: +62 366 23037, is a losmen in Selat which specialises in simple board for climbers and provides guides.
There are no rules which prevent camping on Mount Agung and the northern ascent route requires it. If you do decide on a camping expedition it is still sensible to employ a guide and you must still check that there are no religious prohibitions of you being on the mountain at that time. It must also be remembered that Mount Agung can be very wet indeed.
No matter your experience, do not attempt to climb Mount Agung without a guide. The routes are difficult to follow and you are likely to get lost. Avoid climbing in the wet season and especially in January and February. You are still in the tropics but Mount Agung is a high peak and the top is often cold and windy so bring appropriate clothing.
Some mild altitude sickness is possible. Understand this condition and be aware of the symptons [4]. It is important to drink more water than you think you need and to avoid the dehydrating effects of substances such as alchohol and caffeine for 24 hours before your planned ascent. At these elevations though, symptoms should only be minor.
Mount Agung is well connected by road to major tourist centres in Bali. The most obvious places to head to next are Candidasa, Amed and points west to Singaraja and Lovina.
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Category: Guide articles
   | describes a climb - Climbing Gunung Agung - UrRemote.com |
| | account of the ascent - Listening to the Mountain |
| | Greg Slayden - Ascent of Gunung Agung on 1993-10-06 - Peakbagger.com |
| | top above Besakih - YouTube - Bali 2005: Climbing Agung 1 |
| | Walter Spies House in Iseh Bali, with the most impressive view to Mount Agung - Walter Spies - His Life - His House in Bali - HOME |
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