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Murmansk (English) Мурманск (Russian) |
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| — Inhabited locality — | |
 Murmansk Port |
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 Location of Murmansk Oblast on the map of Russia |
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  Location of Murmansk on the map of
Murmansk Oblast
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| Coordinates: 68°58′N 033°05′E / 68.967°N 33.083°ECoordinates: 68°58′N 033°05′E / 68.967°N 33.083°E | |
 Coat of arms |
 Flag |
| Holiday | October 4 |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Murmansk Oblast |
| In administrative jurisdiction of | Murmansk Oblast |
| Administrative center of | Murmansk Oblast |
| Municipal status | |
| Municipal Status | Urban okrug |
| Head | Sergey Subbotin[1] |
| Representative body | Council of Deputies |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 150.55 km2 (58.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2002 Census) | 336,137 inhabitants[2] |
| - Rank | 52nd |
| - Density | 2,233 /km2 (5,800/sq mi)[3] |
| Time zone | MSK/MSD (UTC+3/+4) |
| Founded | October 4, 1916 |
| Postal code(s) | 183000..183099 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8152 |
| Official website | www.gov-murman.ru/mun/murmansk |
Murmansk (Russian: Му́рманск; Northern Sami: Murmanska; Skolt Sami: Muurman) is a city and seaport in the extreme north-west part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 kilometres (7 mi) from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland.
Murmansk is the administrative centre of Murmansk Oblast. The port remains ice-free year round due to the warm North Atlantic drift ocean current and is an important fishing and shipping port. Its satellite, Severomorsk, is an important navy base for the Russian Navy. It is home port to Atomflot, the world's only fleet of nuclear powered icebreakers.[4][5]
Despite its rapidly declining population, Murmansk remains the largest city north of the Arctic Circle. Population: 336,137 (2002 Census);[6] 468,039 (1989 Census).[7]
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Murmansk was the last town founded in the Russian Empire. Murman is a traditional Pomor name for the Barents Sea and derives from the Old Russian word for Norwegians, "Murmane", cognate to the English "Normans".[8]
The city, first known as Romanov-on-the-Murman (Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане), was founded on October 4, 1916 and named after the royal Russian dynasty of Romanovs. The city, the only ice-free port in the Russian Arctic, was built as a terminus for the railway line to Kola designed to open the North Atlantic supply route to Russia in support of the Eastern Front during the First World War. The city was renamed Murmansk after the February Revolution in 1917.
From 1918 to 1920, the city was occupied by the Western powers who had been allied in the First World War and "White" forces during the Civil War in Russia.[9]
During World War II, Murmansk was a link with the Western world for Russia, with large quantites of goods important to the respective military efforts traded with the Allies: primarily manufactured goods and raw materials into the Soviet Union. The supplies were brought to the city in the Arctic Convoys.
German forces in Finnish territory launched an offensive against the city in 1941 as part of Operation Silver Fox, and Murmansk suffered extensive destruction, second only to Leningrad and Stalingrad of all Soviet cities.[10][11] However, fierce Soviet resistance and harsh geography prevented the Germans from capturing the city and cutting off the vital Karelian railway line and trhe ice-free harbour. For the rest of the war, it served as transit point for weapons and other supplies entering the Soviet Union from other Allied nations. This unyielding resistance was commemorated at the 40-year anniversary of the victory over the Germans in the formal designation of Murmansk as a Hero City on May 6, 1985.[12] During the Cold War Murmansk was a centre of Soviet submarine and icebreaker activity and, past the breakup of the Soviet Union, the nearby city and naval base of Severomorsk remains the headquarters of the Russian Northern Fleet.
In 1974, a massive 35.5-metre-tall statue Alyosha, depicting a Russian World War II soldier, on a 7-metre-high foundation, was erected overlooking the city harbour.[13]
To commemorate the 85th anniversary of the city's foundation, the snow-white church of the Saviour-on-the-Waters was modeled after the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal and built on the shore for the sailors of Murmansk (photograph).
Murmansk's evening newspaper is Vecherny Murmansk, published since 1991.
The city is home to the world's northernmost Jewish synagogue at 68°58' N latitude.[14]
The port of Murmansk is the headquarters of Sevmorput the administration of Russian Arctic maritime transport and is also home port to most Russian Nuclear icebreakers.
Murmansk is linked by the Murmansk Railway to St Petersburg and is also linked to the rest of Russia by the M18 Kola Motorway. Murmansk Airport provides air links to Moscow and St Petersburg.
Local public transport consists of buses and trolleybuses.
Murmansk is set to be the Russian terminus of the Arctic Bridge (or Arctic Sea Bridge), a sea route linking it to the Canadian port of Churchill, Manitoba. The passage has not been fully tested for commercial shipping yet but Russia has shown interest in it. It is believed that, once developed (along with the Northwest Passage), the bridge will serve as major trade route between Europe and Asia.
The international seminar devoted to “Cooperation between Russia and Canada on offshore gas and oil fields” took place in the framework of International Forum SEVTEK - 2008 (Northern energy complex). More detaled information you can read here [1]
Murmansk is home to the Murmansk State Technical University, the Murmansk State Pedagogical University and the Murmansk Institute of Humanities
Murmansk also has 86 primary schools and 56 secondary schools, 2 boarding schools and 3 reform schools.
The city football team, FC Sever Murmansk plays in the Russian Second Division.
The Murman Hockey club is the most northerly field hockey club in the world.
Murman plays in the highest division of the Russian Bandy League. And the city is one of only three places with representation in the female league, through the team Arktika
Murmansk has two museums: The Murmansk Oblast Museum and the Murmansk Oblast Art Museum. There are also three professional theatres in Murmansk.
Murmansk is twinned or has sister city relationships with:
| Weather data for Murmansk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) |
7.0 (45) |
6.6 (44) |
9.0 (48) |
16.9 (62) |
27.2 (81) |
30.8 (87) |
32.9 (91) |
29.1 (84) |
24.2 (76) |
15.0 (59) |
9.6 (49) |
5.6 (42) |
32.9 (91) |
| Average high °C (°F) |
-7.2 (19) |
-7.3 (19) |
-3.3 (26) |
1.9 (35) |
7.2 (45) |
14.0 (57) |
17.2 (63) |
15.2 (59) |
9.6 (49) |
2.9 (37) |
−2.0 (28) |
−5.3 (22) |
3.7 (39) |
| Average low °C (°F) |
−13.8 (7) |
−13.4 (8) |
−9.8 (14) |
−4.4 (24) |
0.6 (33) |
5.7 (42) |
8.8 (48) |
8.0 (46) |
4.3 (40) |
−1.2 (30) |
−7.0 (19) |
−11.4 (11) |
−2.7 (27) |
| Record low °C (°F) |
−39.4 (-39) |
−38.6 (-37) |
−32.6 (-27) |
−23.0 (-9) |
−10.4 (13) |
−2.5 (28) |
1.7 (35) |
−2.0 (28) |
−5.4 (22) |
−21.2 (-6) |
−30.3 (-23) |
−35.0 (-31) |
−39.4 (-39) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) |
30 (1.18) |
22 (0.87) |
19 (0.75) |
20 (0.79) |
30 (1.18) |
53 (2.09) |
61 (2.4) |
65 (2.56) |
53 (2.09) |
44 (1.73) |
40 (1.57) |
36 (1.42) |
473 (18.62) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[17] 8.09.2007 | |||||||||||||
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Murmansk (Му́рманск) is a city in the extreme northwest of Russia and the world's largest city north of the Arctic Circle.
With a population of over 300,000, Murmansk is the largest city in the Arctic and an important Russian naval base and commercial port. In World War II (known to Russias as the Great Patriotic War), Murmansk served as a port for the arctic convoys, and after the war became the Soviet Union's most important submarine base.
Murmansk Airport (MMK, [1]) has multiple daily flights to Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and limited services to other Russian cities including Sochi and Rostov-on-Don. There are also several flights per week to Tromsø and Kirkenes, Norway.
The airport is located about 40km south of Murmansk, near the town of Murmashi. Taxis cost 420-500 Rubles from the city center and make the trip in about 40 minutes. The 106 bus from the train station (stopping at Detsky Mir near the Poliarnie Zori Hotel) is less expensive but much more sluggish than a taxi.
There are also occasional boats to Barentsburg, Svalbard.
By train, Murmansk is 35-40 hours from Moscow and 27-30 hours from St. Petersburg, depending on the train. The train station is located in the city center, one block downhill from Five Corners Square.
Murmansk can be reached by bus from Finland (Rovaniemi and Ivalo) and Norway (Kirkenes).
Although Murmansk is long and thin, most sites of interest to visitors are within a fairly compact area in the city center. Buses and taxis are available on the major streets, and Prospekt Lenina is the main north-south thoroughfare through the city center. Avid walkers could cover the entire stretch of the central area from the Poliarnie Zori Hotel (on the south end of the city center) to the Alyosha Statue (on a plateau on the north side of the city) in less than two hours.
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Murmansk
   | Nature » Administrative-territorial system - Nature » Administrative-territorial system |
| | British North Russian Expeditinary Force 1918-1919 (based at Murmansk) - Bolshevik, North Russian, Royal Navy, Expeditionary Force, Archangel, Dvina River |
| | "Big-dollar deals tempt Arctic firms" BBC article on the energy industry's effect on Murmansk - BBC NEWS | Business | Big-dollar deals tempt Arctic firms |
| | Murmansk's gorgeous garages - a photo journal by BBC news journalist Jorn Madslien - BBC News | In pictures: Murmansk's gorgeous garages, Far from the city |
| | Image of "Alyosha" statue - WWII in the Arctic Photo Album / Alyosha |
| | Maps - Maps of Kola Peninsula |
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