A neurochip is a chip (integrated circuit/microprocessor) that is designed for the interaction with neuronal cells.
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It is made of silicon that is doped in such a way, that it contains EOSFETs (electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor FET) that can sense the electrical activity of the neurons (action potentials) in the above-standing physiological electrolyte solution. It also contains capacitors for the electrical stimulation of these cells.
Present applications are neuron research. Future applications (still in the experimental phase) are retinal implants or brain implants.
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