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.^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Socialists were returned to power in France and a concerted effort was made to end the bloodshed in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1854 a French naval officer, Tardy de Montravel, wanting to seal France's recent possession of New Caledonia, chose Noumea as the site for the colony's administrative centre.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Between 1840 and 1850, traders operating out of Australia stripped first Ile des Pins, then the Loyalty Islands and finally Grande Terre's east coast.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Population: 224,000 (2002) Land area: 18,280 KM Capital: Noumea Currency: CFP franc Language: French .- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Population: 224,000 (2002) Land area: 18,280 KM Capital: Noumea Currency: CFP franc Language: French .- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The currency is the
CFP franc.
.^ With the country on the brink of civil war, a plan that included a referendum on independence and self-government 'in association' with France was proposed in January 1985.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The accords stated that a referendum on self-determination would be held in 10 years, with all New Caledonians established in the territory by 1988, and their descendants, eligible to vote.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Head of Government, Pierre Frogier, since April 2001, Legislature: 54-member Territorial Assembly.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
New Caledonia is set to decide whether to remain within the French Republic or become an
independent state in a
referendum to be held between 2014 and 2019.
[5]
.^ Soon after, it became the permanent seat of the south Pacific commission (SPC; recently renamed Secretariat of the Pacific Community), an organisation involving all countries in the region, set up to promote research throughout the South Pacific.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Name
.^ The English explorer James Cook spotted Grande Terre in 1774 when midway through his second scientific expedition in search of Terra Australis, Cook named this new land New Caledonia because the terrain reminded him of the highlands of Scotland (called Caledonia by the Romans).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It wasn't until the early 1970s, when political consciousness and cultural revival were on the agenda, that New Caledonia's indigenous people reclaimed and became proud of the name 'Kanak'.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The islands were named by Captain Cook in 1774, as the tree-covered hills reminded him of the Scottish - Caledonian - landscape.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Official name : Territoire d'Outre-Mer de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ WWII and rhyming with the derogatory slang term 'Boche' used for the Germans), and there are still some people in New Caledonia who are not fond of the term.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ WWII and rhyming with the derogatory slang term 'Boche' used for the Germans), and there are still some people in New Caledonia who are not fond of the term.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
^ Alofi Island (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
^ Huan Island (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
.^ The word was viewed by New Caledonia's indigenous people as an insult and it eventually died out as the French colonial authorities preferred to use 'indigene' (native).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The turning point for the independence movement was 1984, the year that Les Evenements (the Events), as the French refer to the following two years of widespread chaos, began.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This name is favored by
Melanesian nationalists.
.^ It is probably derived from the word 'Kanakas', which was used for people from the South Pacific who were abducted by blackbirders (slavers) to work in Australia and other places in the 19th century.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The word was viewed by New Caledonia's indigenous people as an insult and it eventually died out as the French colonial authorities preferred to use 'indigene' (native).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The word was viewed by New Caledonia's indigenous people as an insult and it eventually died out as the French colonial authorities preferred to use 'indigene' (native).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His carpenter declared the wood perfect for shipping, making the island one of the few places in the South Pacific where a large ship could hope for a new mast.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The word, turned into
Canaque in French, became derogatory.
.^ In the two provinces controlled by the pro-independence parties, a new generation of lead4ers appeared, but the situation worsened for most of the Melanesian population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One of the aims of the division was to create a Melanesian (Kanak) political and financial 'elite', taking over power from the pro-independence groups in most of the territory.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was reserved for 'dangerous' political prisoners, and later became the home of the territory's leper colony.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It wasn't until the early 1970s, when political consciousness and cultural revival were on the agenda, that New Caledonia's indigenous people reclaimed and became proud of the name 'Kanak'.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The official name of the territory,
Nouvelle-Calédonie, could be changed in the near future due to the
Nouméa Accord of 1998 which stated that "a name, a flag, an anthem, a motto, and the design of banknotes will have to be sought by all parties together, to express the Kanak identity and the future shared by all parties."
[8] To date, however, there has been no consensus on a new name for the territory.
[9]History
The Western Pacific was first populated by humans about 3,000 years ago.
.^ Subsequent people, collectively known as Austronesians, moved into the area from the west, mingling with the Papuans and eventually becoming the highly diverse group of people we conveniently group together is 'Melanesians'.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Subsequent people, collectively known as Austronesians, moved into the area from the west, mingling with the Papuans and eventually becoming the highly diverse group of people we conveniently group together is 'Melanesians'.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Eventually the wider seas were conquered and the Austronesians, now known as Lapita, settled over the Melanesian archipelagos.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kanaks or Ti-Va-Ouere, meaning 'Brothers of the Earth', are Melanesians, the group of people who inhabit many of the islands in the south-western Pacirfic.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Lapita had an enormous influence over a vast area of the Pacific from 1500 to 500 BC. They were highly skilled sailors and navigators, able to cross hundreds of kilometres of sea, and trade and settlement were important to their culture.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In about 1500 BC, they arrived at New Caledonia from Vanuatu.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Polynesians, by comparison, probably descended from Austronesians, ancient seafarers who arrived on the Pacific archipelagos from South Asia around 4,000 BC, populating New Zealand/Aotearoa, the Samoan islands, French Polynesia, Tonga, Tahiti, Hawaii and other smaller islands where they still live.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10].^ From about the 11th century AD until the 18th century, New Caledonia saw another wave of migration, this time from western Polynesian islands such as Samoa, Tonga and Wallis.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It wasn't until the late 18th century that the first European arrived in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia was founded as a penal colony and the first shiploads of convicts arrived in May 1864 at Port-de-France (present-day Noumea).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1862 the first governor was appointed and, for the second half of the 19th century, new Caledonia was governed by a military regime.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The English explorer James Cook spotted Grande Terre in 1774 when midway through his second scientific expedition in search of Terra Australis, Cook named this new land New Caledonia because the terrain reminded him of the highlands of Scotland (called Caledonia by the Romans).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Lapita were hunter-gatherers and are named after a site near Kone on New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, where their elaborate, pin-hole incised pottery was discovered (see the boxed text 'Lapita Pottery' in the special section 'Kanak Arts') below.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
^ Isle of Pines (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
^ Alofi Island (New Caledonia) .- International Price Calculator 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC ircalc.usps.gov [Source type: News]
.^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1862 the first governor was appointed and, for the second half of the 19th century, new Caledonia was governed by a military regime.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The French colony of New Caledonia began in the mid-nineteenth century as a settler colony centred on pastoralism, and subsequently mining, mainly of nickel.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ As supplies in the northern Pacific had already severely diminished, the traders' attention turned to the south.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As the Chinese market expanded and sandalwood supplies diminished, the traders' tactics became more threatening and arrogant.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The traders also brought diseases such as smallpox, measles, dysentery, influenza, syphilis and leprosy onto the islands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Many people died as a result of these diseases.
.^ In 1849 the crew of the American vessel Cutter were massacred and eaten by the Futuna clan, which lived between Balade and Pouebo.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[11]
.^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Later in the 19th century, many Kanaks were taken to work on foreign plantations as labourers blackirders (slavers; see the boxed text 'Blackbirding' in the Loyalty Islands, below).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ WWII and rhyming with the derogatory slang term 'Boche' used for the Germans), and there are still some people in New Caledonia who are not fond of the term.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The trade ceased at the start of the 20th century. The victims of this trade were called
Kanakas like all the Oceanian people, after the Hawaiian word for 'man'.
[12] This label was later shortened to
Kanak, and adopted by the indigenous population after the French annexation.
[12]
.^ The Socialists were returned to power in France and a concerted effort was made to end the bloodshed in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1854 a French naval officer, Tardy de Montravel, wanting to seal France's recent possession of New Caledonia, chose Noumea as the site for the colony's administrative centre.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the French flag was raised at Balade on 24 September 1853, Britain did not react because it was too busy with newly acquired possessions in new Zealand and Australia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Auguste Febvrier Despointes led the expedition that seized the island.
.^ New Caledonia was founded as a penal colony and the first shiploads of convicts arrived in May 1864 at Port-de-France (present-day Noumea).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Socialists were returned to power in France and a concerted effort was made to end the bloodshed in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia was founded as a penal colony and the first shiploads of convicts arrived in May 1864 at Port-de-France (present-day Noumea).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the flow of convicts stopped in 1897, the settlers' free-labour supply was extinguished (although the Kanaks were soon brought in to fill the convicts' place).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In 1984, several pro-independence parties merged to form a new movement, the Front de Liberation Nationale Kanak et Socialiste, commonly called the FLNKS including FULK, Palika and its largest single component, the UC, the FLNKS was seen as a legitimate mouthpiece for Melanesian independantistes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One of the major stumbling blocks between the missionaries and the Kanaks was the concept of land ownership.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This period was the all-time low for the Kanaks, their population having been decimated by disease, war and the indigenat system.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His carpenter declared the wood perfect for shipping, making the island one of the few places in the South Pacific where a large ship could hope for a new mast.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1854 a French naval officer, Tardy de Montravel, wanting to seal France's recent possession of New Caledonia, chose Noumea as the site for the colony's administrative centre.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Chef Naiseline of Mare prfepared a 'native bill' and argued that, as Kanaks had fought and died under the French flag during both world wars, they were entitled to the rights of French citizens.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Assisted by Australia,
[13] the South Pacific colonies became vital
Allied bases in the
Pacific Ocean.
.^ French people in New Caledonia chose to support President Charles de Gaulle and the Free French Forces as opposed to the collaborationist Vichy regime that took over France in WWII. the colony's US allies were given permission to set up a military base on Grande Terre and, in early 1942, 40,000 American and a smaller number of New Zealand personnel arrived.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
If left unchecked, Japanese advances threatened to sever the sea lanes between North America and Australia.
Nouméa served as a headquarters of the
United States Navy and Army in the South Pacific.
[14] .^ His carpenter declared the wood perfect for shipping, making the island one of the few places in the South Pacific where a large ship could hope for a new mast.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Nouméa declined in importance as a naval and military base as the American and Allied offensive rapidly moved north and over the
Equator.
.^ Data Map > All Regions / Continents > All Countries > Region: South Pacific > Country: New Caledonia .- Joshua Project - Ethnic People Groups of New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.joshuaproject.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In 1984, several pro-independence parties merged to form a new movement, the Front de Liberation Nationale Kanak et Socialiste, commonly called the FLNKS including FULK, Palika and its largest single component, the UC, the FLNKS was seen as a legitimate mouthpiece for Melanesian independantistes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In November, the main opposition force, the Socialist Kanak National Liberation Front (FLNKS) called for a boycott of local Territorial Assembly electors, which were sure to endorse the French government plan of postponing Kanak independence indefinitely.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The unrest led to agreement on increased autonomy in the Matignon Accords of 1988 and the
Nouméa Accord of 1998. This Accord describes the
devolution process as "irreversible" and also provides for a local Caledonian citizenship, separate official symbols of Caledonian identity (such as a "national"
flag), as well as mandating a referendum on the contentious issue of independence from the French Republic sometime after 2014.
Politics
Flag of the independence movements
.^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Socialists were returned to power in France and a concerted effort was made to end the bloodshed in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ With the country on the brink of civil war, a plan that included a referendum on independence and self-government 'in association' with France was proposed in January 1985.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It focused on the gradual transfer of power from the French State to Ne Caledonia and on the recognition of Kanak culture, and was endorsed at a referendum (72% in favour) in November 1998.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Key areas (e.g. taxation, labour law, health and hygiene, foreign trade, and others) are already in the hands of the Territorial Congress and government. Further authority will be given to the Territorial Congress in the near future. Ultimately, the French Republic should only remain in charge of foreign affairs, justice, defense, public order, and the treasury.
.^ This will affect the voting rights of thousands of recent arrivals from France, including public servants, military personnel and recent immigrants.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under the Noumea Accord, key administrative powers are being devolved from Paris to Noumea, though New Caledonia will vote on independence only after 2014.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The accords stated that a referendum on self-determination would be held in 10 years, with all New Caledonians established in the territory by 1988, and their descendants, eligible to vote.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Not until 1946, when the system was abolished and Kanaks received French citizenship, were they allowed to leave their reservation without permission.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
. Further signs of increased autonomy for the territory include New Caledonia's right to engage in international cooperation with independent countries of the Pacific Ocean region, the continued use of a local currency (the
French Pacific Franc, or CFP) rather than the
Euro, as well as the authority of the Territorial Congress to pass statutes overriding
French law in a number of areas.
^ New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the Melanesian region of the western Pacific.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Increased amounts of land were also purchased and returned to Melanesians, but invariably too little and too late to defuse tension and political pressure, which gradually shifted to demands for independence rather than increased autonomy.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia Country Dialing code is 687 Using New Caledonia international calling card will save your international phone bills every month Questions about selecting phone card to call New Caledonia please call: 1-800-382-1748 .- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
.^ In contrast with other ethnic groups in New Caledonia, Melanesians are a more rural population, though half the population now live in urban areas.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Most clans were isolated from each other, leading to the evolution of the many dialects in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Distinct from the Caldoche are those, of French descent, who were born in New Caledonia in recent times and who live mainly in Noumea.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
Nouméa Accord provides a mechanism for the determination of the ultimate status and degree of New Caledonian territorial autonomy: pursuant to the Accord, the Territorial Congress will have the right to call for a
referendum on
independence at any time of its choosing after 2014.
The current president of the government elected by the territorial Congress is
Philippe Gomès, from the loyalist (i.e. anti-independence) "
Caledonia Together" party (
Calédonie Ensemble), which split from "
Future Together" (
Avenir Ensemble) in 2008. "Future Together" is a party of mostly White and Polynesian New Caledonians opposed to independence, but rebelling against the hegemonic and (allegedly) corrupt anti-independence RPCR, led by
Jacques Lafleur. Their toppling of the RPCR (until then seen as the only voice of New Caledonian Whites) was a surprise to many, and a sign that New Caledonian society is undergoing changes.
.^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The accords stated that a referendum on self-determination would be held in 10 years, with all New Caledonians established in the territory by 1988, and their descendants, eligible to vote.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It wasn't until the early 1970s, when political consciousness and cultural revival were on the agenda, that New Caledonia's indigenous people reclaimed and became proud of the name 'Kanak'.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1984, several pro-independence parties merged to form a new movement, the Front de Liberation Nationale Kanak et Socialiste, commonly called the FLNKS including FULK, Palika and its largest single component, the UC, the FLNKS was seen as a legitimate mouthpiece for Melanesian independantistes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Representation at the national level
.^ Shortly after arriving in New Caledonia de Kermadec died.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Distinct from the Caldoche are those, of French descent, who were born in New Caledonia in recent times and who live mainly in Noumea.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Distinct from the Caldoche are those, of French descent, who were born in New Caledonia in recent times and who live mainly in Noumea.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[15] .^ Pottery dates back to New Caledonia's earliest known civilisation.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Shortly after arriving in New Caledonia de Kermadec died.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Geography
New Caledonia map from CIA World Factbook
.^ Tourist visa not required Business visa required Private visa required New Caledonia tourist visa is not required for citizens of United States for a stay up to 30 days.- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
The island nation of
Vanuatu lies to the northeast.
.^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It consists of several islands, with the outlying, low lying islands, including the Loyalty Islands, dominated by the main island of Grande Terre.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Following European contact in the mid-nineteenth century, Melanesian population numbers fell from about 50,000 to only 28,000 in 1901 and Melanesians were displaced by settlers to reservations on the east coast of the main island (the Grande Terre), though in the Loyalty Islands European settlers were absent.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It took four months to sail from France to New Caledonia around the Cape of Good Hope.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Socialists were returned to power in France and a concerted effort was made to end the bloodshed in New Caledonia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the end, only 11% of the land on Grande Terre, mostly hilly regions in scattered areas, was left to the Kanaks.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It has an area of 16,372 square kilometres (6,321 sq mi), and is elongated northwest-southeast, 350 kilometres (217 mi) in length and 50 to 70 kilometres (31–44 mi) wide. A mountain range runs the length of the island, with five peaks over 1,500 meters (4,900 ft). The highest point is
Mont Panié at 1,628 meters (5,341 ft) elevation.
.^ Under the Noumea Accord, key administrative powers are being devolved from Paris to Noumea, though New Caledonia will vote on independence only after 2014.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, they mainly landed on northern Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands, where they intermarried with the Melanesian tribes.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The territory consists of the island of New Caledonia (16,700 sq km), the Loyaute/Loyalty islands (Ouvea, Lifou, Mare and Walpole), the archipelagos of Chesterfield Avon, Huon, Beleip, and the island Noumea.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New-caledonia calling card .
^ The French who came to New Caledonia to work for a few years with the benefit of high wages are called metros (short for metropoles, meaning from metropolitan France).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Check our New-caledonia calling rates: .
It sank after
rifting away from Australia 60–85 million years ago (mya) and from Antarctica between 130 and 85 mya.
.^ Home About us Contact us News Updates Advanced search ›› Directory › Asia and Oceania › New Caledonia › New Caledonia Overview Quick search ›› .- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia was founded as a penal colony and the first shiploads of convicts arrived in May 1864 at Port-de-France (present-day Noumea).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The guillotine was brought to New Caledonia in 1867 and, in the next 21 years, about 80 heads rolled.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[16]
Subdivisions
Nouméa, on a cloudy day in June 2006, looking north
.^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Check with your airline in case you have connecting flights overseas as part of your journey to New Caledonia.- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ When the French flag was raised at Balade on 24 September 1853, Britain did not react because it was too busy with newly acquired possessions in new Zealand and Australia.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's 'French' population has several distinct groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia's status was changed from a colony to a French overseas territory after WWII and Kanaks immediately began to formulate their own political and social demands.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Official name : Territoire d'Outre-Mer de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia had become a French Overseas Territory but the resulting political autonomy did not favour the Kanaks, reduced to a minority group in relation to the caldoches (descendants of Europeans who had settled a century ago).- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- South Province (province Sud). Provincial capital: Nouméa. Population: 183,007 inhabitants (2009).
- North Province (province Nord). Provincial capital: Koné. .
- Loyalty Islands Province (province des îles Loyauté).^ Grande Terre's cast coast, on Ile des Pins and on the Loyalty Islands, where they make up 98% of the population.
- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under the accords, it was agreed that New Caledonia would be divided into three regions: the Noumea-based South Province, the North Province and the Loyalty Islands Province.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Provincial capital: Lifou. Population: 17,436 inhabitants (2009).
It is further subdivided into thirty-three
communes.
.^ The Palika, one of the FLNKS groups, registered separately, criticizing the leadership of the Front representatives in the two provinces controlled by the pro-independence groups.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In the two provinces controlled by the pro-independence parties, a new generation of lead4ers appeared, but the situation worsened for most of the Melanesian population.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under the accords, it was agreed that New Caledonia would be divided into three regions: the Noumea-based South Province, the North Province and the Loyalty Islands Province.- About New Caledonia 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.janesoceania.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
There are also three administrative subdivisions, simply known as
subdivisions in French, with exactly the same names and same boundaries as the three provinces, except that the commune of Poya is entirely contained inside the North Subdivision.
.^ In late 2006, the French government moved to finally address a central and unresolved issue on who should vote for New Caledonia’s three provincial assemblies and local Congress.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The subdivision chief towns are the same as the provincial capitals except in the South Subdivision where the chief town is
La Foa, whereas the capital of the South Province is Nouméa. Thus, although the provincial assembly of the South Province sits in Nouméa, the South Subdivision's Deputy Commissioner of the Republic is in residence in La Foa. This was decided in order to counterbalance the overwhelming weight of Nouméa in New Caledonia.
In addition, a parallel layer of administration exists for Kanak tribal affairs; these are called
aires coutumières ("traditional spheres") and are eight in number (
see map of the "aires coutumières"). Their jurisdiction does not encompass non-Kanaks living within these zones. The
aires coutumières more or less correspond to the indigenous language areas of pre-French tribal alliances.
Climate
New Caledonia lies astride the
Tropic of Capricorn, between 19° and 23° south latitude. The climate of the islands is
tropical, and rainfall is highly seasonal, brought by trade winds that usually come from the east.
.^ Following European contact in the mid-nineteenth century, Melanesian population numbers fell from about 50,000 to only 28,000 in 1901 and Melanesians were displaced by settlers to reservations on the east coast of the main island (the Grande Terre), though in the Loyalty Islands European settlers were absent.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It consists of several islands, with the outlying, low lying islands, including the Loyalty Islands, dominated by the main island of Grande Terre.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Melanesians were displaced by settlers to the eastern, mountainous part of the Grande Terre.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The western side of the Grande Terre lies in the
rain shadow of the central mountains, and rainfall averages 1,200 millimetres (47 in) per year.
There are two main seasons: a dry season, and a warm and wet season. The dry cooler months are from April to November with daily temperature ranges from 17-27 °C. During the wet season (December to March) the temperature can reach 32 °C. The south-east trade winds temper the heat, and evenings are pleasantly cool. The wet season sees the occasional cyclone hitting the islands.
Ecology
"Baie des Tortues" (Turtle Bay) near "La roche percée" (Pierced Rock) at Bourail in New Caledonia
.^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the Melanesian region of the western Pacific.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Zealandia separated from Australia 60–85 million years ago,
[17] and the ridge linking New Caledonia to New Zealand has been deeply submerged for millions of years. This isolated New Caledonia from the rest of the world's landmasses, and made it a
Noah's Ark of sorts, preserving a snapshot of prehistoric Gondwanan forests. The country still shelters an extraordinary diversity of unique,
endemic, and extremely primitive plants and animals of Gondwanan origin, as well as the second largest coral reef in the world.
[citation needed]
Fossil and subfossil remains reveal that large terrestrial animals once inhabited the island but became extinct during the
Holocene prior to European arrival. These include the horned turtle
Meiolania, the crocodile
Mekosuchus,
monitor lizards and a variety of flightless birds, the largest of which was
Sylviornis.
Although the majority of the country's citizens are unaware of the extraordinary nature of their country's biological heritage,
[citation needed] a few of the country's animals and plants have become somewhat emblematic in local culture. Among the best known is a hen-sized, flightless bird, commonly known as the Cagou or
Kagu, which has a large crest and an odd barking call. Its song and image are frequently seen as nationally recognized icons. Another commonly used cultural emblem is the Columnar or Cook's Pine (
Araucaria columnaris), an important symbol in
Kanak culture. The
Niaouli tree (also native to Australia and
New Guinea), is of medicinal interest, locally and abroad. Its sap (which contains gomenol, a camphor-smelling compound), is used to treat head colds, and as an antiseptic. It also shows potential to treat other medical ailments. Before the Europeans arrived, there was no mammal other than the Roussette (aka
flying fox), a large vegetarian
bat, considered a local delicacy. Less well-known by the native population is the fact their country is home to a species of plant,
(Amborella trichopoda), believed to be genetically close to the ancestor of all flowering plants, or the fact their nation boasts the largest number and diversity of conifer species in the world, per unit of geographic area (a remarkable fact, given that conifers are usually relatively rare in tropical regions).
Typical terrain in the south of the islands at Grand Terre
.^ PinFly Phone Cards [Home] New Caledonia .- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
Europeans settled on the dry west coast of Grande Terre, leaving the east (as well as the Loyalty Islands and the Isle of Pines) to the Kanaks, and resulting in an ethno-cultural division which coincides with the natural one. Extensive farming by Europeans in the dry forest areas, has caused these forest ecosystems to virtually disappear.
It is a vast oversimplification, however, to merely describe New Caledonia's extremely important, complex and diverse ecology in terms of precipitation zones. Species and ecological diversity is further complicated by soil type (degree and type of mineralization), altitude, and geographic location (for instance, Loyalty Islands and Isle of Pines have flora that is distinct from Grande Terre).
.^ PinFly Phone Cards [Home] New Caledonia .- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
.^ PinFly Phone Cards [Home] New Caledonia .- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
.^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Like its terrestrial counterpart, the Caledonian reef system has great species diversity, is home to endangered
dugongs (Dugong dugong), and is an important nesting site for the
Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas). The island is also a home for vagrant
fur seals. The
Nautilus is a living-fossil species, common during the age of the dinosaurs, which survives today in the waters surrounding New Caledonia. In January 2002, the French government proposed listing New Caledonia's reefs as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site. UNESCO listed
New Caledonia Barrier Reef on the World Heritage List under the name
The Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems on 7 July 2008.
Ecology and politics
A creek in southern New Caledonia. Red colours reveal the richness of the ground in
iron oxides and
nickel.
Aside from the challenges posed by charting a course for the territory's racial and political life, the current government faces an additional challenge in balancing the needs of the territory's mining-based economy with the protection of its ecologically significant areas. Thanks largely to its mining industry, based primarily on nickel ore, some ecological safeguards have been deemed necessary by special interest groups to ensure the preservation of species in the face of industrial development or ecological exploitation.[citation needed]
.^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Of note is the recognition of activist
Bruno Van Peteghem who was in 2001 awarded the
Goldman Environmental Prize for his efforts on behalf of the Caledonian ecological protection movement in the face of "serious challenges" from
Jacques Lafleur's
RPCR party.
[18] Following political pressure,
[citation needed] the government has implemented some modifications to its ecological protection policies – one example being the restoration of the famed Madeleine Waterfalls Preserve (Chutes de la Madeleine).
[citation needed] These modifications have, however, been deemed insufficient by ecological groups.
[citation needed]
Progress has been made in a few areas in addressing the protection of New Caledonia's ecological diversity from fire, industrial and residential development, unrestricted agricultural activity and mining (such as the judicial revocation of
INCO's mining license in June 2006 owing to claimed abuses
[19]).
Economy
New Caledonian soils contain a considerable wealth of industrially critical elements and minerals, including about one-quarter of the world's
nickel resources.
[20] Mining is therefore a significant industry that greatly benefits the territory's economy. However, the country is also home to numerous, critically important
[citation needed] ancient ecosystems
[citation needed]. Thus, widely practiced and indiscriminate
open-pit mining across much of New Caledonia is claimed to be responsible for deterioration of the territory's natural heritage
[citation needed].
Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in the economy of New Caledonia. Most tourists come from France, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea.
The
GDP of New Caledonia in 2007 was 8.8 billion US dollars at market exchange rates, the fourth-largest economy in
Oceania after Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.
[3] The GDP per capita was 36,376 US dollars in 2007 (at market exchange rates, not at
PPP), lower than in Australia and Hawaii, but higher than in New Zealand.
[3]In 2007, exports from New Caledonia amounted to 2.11 billion US dollars, 96.3% of which were mineral products and alloys (essentially
nickel ore and
ferronickel).
[21] Imports amounted to 2.88 billion US dollars.
[21] .^ Tourist visa not required Business visa required Private visa required New Caledonia tourist visa is not required for citizens of United States for a stay up to 30 days.- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
^ New Caledonia travel information: Travel visa F.A.Q. New Caledonia Visa Information Embassy of New Caledonia in United States New Caledonia Embassy Holidays New Caledonia Customs New Caledonia visa in Canada Social networking .- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
^ New Caledonia business visa is required for citizens of United States.- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
[21]Demography
.^ Melanesians gained voting rights in advance of the indigenous population of other parts of the Pacific.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Though the speed of restoring land to Melanesians increased in the 1960s and 1970s it still fell short of Melanesian expectations and needs.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For fifty years the Melanesian population declined, while migration from Asia and Europe emphasized their minority status.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The rest of the population is made up of ethnic groups that arrived in New Caledonia in the last 150 years:
Europeans (34.5%) (predominantly
French, with
German,
British and
Italian minorities),
Polynesians (
Wallisians,
Tahitians) (11.8%),
Indonesians (2.6%),
Vietnamese (1.4%),
Ni-Vanuatu (1.2%), and various other groups (3.9%),
Tamils, other
South Asians,
Berbers,
Japanese,
Chinese,
Fijians,
Arabs,
West Indian (mostly from other French territories) and a small number of ethnic Africans.
[22] Some of this immigration was a direct consequence of various conflicts around the world but in particular of the crumbling of the
French colonial empire.
.^ Militant pro-independence Melanesians were known as Kanaks.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Similarly, those whose roots are in
French Polynesia are known either as Tahitians (which excludes persons originating in the other archipelagos of French Polynesia) or simply as Polynesians (which would include both Tahitians and Wallisians, as well as many other minor groups).
.^ We carry 74 prepaid phone card to call New Caledonia as low as 16¢ / Min .- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
^ New Caledonia Phone Card headlines: We carry over 74 New Caledonia phone cards for your to choose from Call to New Caledonia as low as 16¢ / Min.- New Caledonia Phone Cards & New Caledonia Calling Cards to call New Caledonia from USA 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.pinfly.com [Source type: General]
.^ The population composition of New Caledonia consistently ensures that as long as Europeans, Asians and Polynesians vote for retention of ties with France, Kanak demands for independence are unlikely to be satisfied through the ballot box.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By the time of the 2004 congressional elections, the RPCR’s electoral hegemony had been broken by the establishment of a new anti-independence party Avenir Ensemble (The Future Together) which linked RPCR dissidents and business leaders opposed to Jacques Lafleur, who had dominated the conservative party landscape for decades.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[24]
Within the official statistical category "Europeans" no distinction is made between Caledonian-born whites and French-born whites, though it is estimated that approximately two-thirds identify themselves with the Caldoche community while the rest see themselves primarily as
French immigrants. There is a significant contingent of people that arrive from France to work for a year or two and others that have come to retire. The Caldoche usually refer to themselves simply as
calédoniens and may be either white (mostly French or
German) or white with an admixture of Asian, Melanesian or Polynesian ancestry. Caldoche culture has many similarities with
Australian and
Afrikaner culture. Until very recently the Kanak population held an economically disadvantaged position in New Caledonian society, while wealthy French expatriates formed the top of the socio-economic hierarchy. The Asian and Polynesian inhabitants dominate certain segments of the local economy.
There have been frequent accusations by the pro-independence movement that the French government is attempting to skew the demographic balance between the ethnic communities by clandestinely settling thousands of people from mainland France among the white Caledonians. Censuses are extremely critical to the balance of power in New Caledonia, and the organisation of a new census was regularly postponed after 1996. Eventually the census was carried out in August and September 2004, amidst raging controversies over ethnic questions. Due to an intervention by French president
Jacques Chirac, questions asking for the ethnicity of people were deleted from the 2004 census, officially because they were deemed to contravene the
French Constitution, which states that no distinction based on ethnicity or religion should be made among French citizens. The indigenous Melanesian Kanak leaders, who are extremely sensitive to ethnic balance issues, called for New Caledonians of Kanak ethnicity not to return census forms if questions regarding ethnicity were not asked, threatening to derail the census process. Eventually, the stalemate was resolved when the local New Caledonian statistical office (a branch of the national French statistical office
INSEE) agreed to ask questions regarding ethnicity.
.^ Under the Noumea Accord, key administrative powers are being devolved from Paris to Noumea, though New Caledonia will vote on independence only after 2014.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In contrast with other ethnic groups in New Caledonia, Melanesians are a more rural population, though half the population now live in urban areas.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Caledonia visa for citizens of United States is required for more information please contact the nearest New Caledonia embassy .- New Caledonia Visa : Application, Requirements. Apply for New Caledonian Visas Online. 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC new-caledonia.visahq.com [Source type: News]
According to the 31 August 2004 census, there were 230,789 inhabitants in New Caledonia.
[2] This figure has increased to 249,000 as of 1 January 2009 official estimates.
[1]CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the
CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Age structure:
0–14 years: 28,4% (male 31 818, female 30 513)
15–64 years: 64,9% (male 71 565, female 70 815)
65 years and over: 6,6% (male 6 773, female 7 772) (2006 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.84% (in 2005), 1.91% (yearly average from January 2000 to January 2006)
Birth rate: 17.2 births/1 000 population (in 2005)
Death rate: 4.9 deaths/1 000 population (in 2005)
Net migration rate: 5.62 migrants/1 000 population (in 2005), 5.01 migrants/1 000 population (yearly average between beginning of 2000 and end of 2005)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1,01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: (in 2005)
total population: 75.2 years
male: 71.9 years
female: 78.6 years
Total fertility rate: 2.20 children born/woman (in 2005)
Nationality:
noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91%
male: 92%
female: 90% (1976 est.)
Languages
.^ New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the Melanesian region of the western Pacific.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The French colony of New Caledonia began in the mid-nineteenth century as a settler colony centred on pastoralism, and subsequently mining, mainly of nickel.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
At the 2004 census, 97.0% of people whose age was 14 or older reported that they could speak, read and write French, whereas only 0.97% reported that they had no knowledge of French.
[26] At the same census, 37.1% of people whose age was 14 or older reported that they could speak (but not necessarily read or write) one of the 28 indigenous
Austronesian languages of New Caledonia (see
New Caledonian languages and
Loyalty Island languages), whereas 58.7% reported that they had no knowledge of any of these 28 indigenous languages.
[27]
Culture
Sports
.^ During the Second World War, New Caledonia became a major US military base employing Melanesians at high wages.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In New Caledonia, the anti-independence strongman Jacques Lafleur has resigned from Congress and lost the presidency of his party Rassemblement UMP, after the party lost power in May 2004 elections.- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Home About us Contact us News Updates Advanced search ›› Directory › Asia and Oceania › New Caledonia › New Caledonia Overview Quick search ›› .- Minority Rights Group International : New Caledonia : New Caledonia Overview 15 January 2010 14:31 UTC www.minorityrights.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
They have won the
South Pacific Games five times, most recently in 2007, and have placed third on two occasions in the
OFC Nations Cup.
Images of New Caledonia
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|
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Brush countryside in the north, towards Poum
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The famous bandstand of the Place des Cocotiers at Nouméa
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A creek rich in metal oxydes in the south of Grande Terre.
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On Ouvéa, 25km of white sand...
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See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d (French) Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Bilan Economique et Social 2008 (on page 11)". http://www.isee.nc/pe/bilan2008/bilan2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
- ^ a b (French) INSEE, Government of France. "Recensement général de la population en Nouvelle-Calédonie - 2004". http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/ir/accueil.asp?page=rpnc04/synt/synthese.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ a b c d (French) Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Chiffres clés". http://www.isee.nc/chiffresc/chiffresc.html#pib. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ Previously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" (French: Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances), then simply as the "Territory of New Caledonia" (French: Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), the official French name is now only Nouvelle-Calédonie (Organic Law of 19 March 1999, article 222 IV — see [1]). It should be noted that French courts often continue to use the appellation Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.
- ^ "Regions and territories: New Caledonia", BBC News, 11 December 2008
- ^ (French) The phrase "l'histoire de la Calédonie" used by a school kid interviewed by RFO
- ^ (French) The phrase "économie calédonienne" used by the New Caledonian statistical office
- ^ (French) Government of New Caledonia. "Les accords de Nouméa" (PDF). http://www.gouv.nc/static/pages/outils/telechargement/accordsNoumea.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
- ^ (French) RFO. "Société : La Nouvelle-Calédonie choisit un hymne et une devise". http://nouvellecaledonie.rfo.fr/article424.html. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
- ^ New Caledonia, p. 13, Leanne Logan and Geert Cole, Lonely Planet, 2001
- ^ New Caledonia, p. 15, Leanne Logan and Geert Cole, Lonely Planet, 2001
- ^ a b http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/14373/HERMES_2002_32-33_191.pdf?sequence=1
- ^ "Hasluck: Clearing A Way To Total War" (PDF). http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/30/chapters/06.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
- ^ World War II Pacific Island Guide, p. 71, Gordon L. Rottman, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002
- ^ Voter turnout in the second round of the election as per:
(French) Minister of the Interior, Government of France. "RESULTATS DE L'ELECTION PRESIDENTIELLE — NOUVELLE CALEDONIE". http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/PR2007/000/988/988.html. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Boyer & Giribet 2007: 355
- ^ Keith Lewis; Scott D. Nodder and Lionel Carter (2007-01-11). "Zealandia: the New Zealand continent". Te Ara — the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/OceanStudyAndConservation/SeaFloorGeology/1/en. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
- ^ Bruno Van Peteghem, Goldman Environmental Prize website
- ^ "Indigenous Kanaks Take On Inco in New Caledonia", MiningWatch Canada, 19 July 2006
- ^ "Nickel gleams again in New Caledonia", Metal Bulletin, 3 December 2001
- ^ a b c (French) Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Bilan économique et social 2007 - Échanges Extérieurs (on page 23)" (PDF). http://www.isee.nc/telechargement/bilan2007.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ a b (French) Institut de la statistique et des études économiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie (ISEE). "Population totale, selon la communauté par commune et Province de résidence" (XLS). http://www.isee.nc/recenspop/telechargement/ind04.xls. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ David A. Chappell (2005). "New Caledonia". The Contemporary Pacific 17 (2): 435–448. doi:10.1353/cp.2005.0043. http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/contemporary_pacific/v017/17.2chappell02.html.
- ^ Henry Kamm (1988-07-26). "Noumea Journal; On an Island in the Pacific, but Far From at Peace". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DC1E3FF935A15754C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all.
- ^ [2]
- ^ (French) INSEE, Government of France. "P9-1 - Population de 14 ans et plus selon la connaissance du français, le sexe, par commune, "zone" et par province de résidence" (XLS). http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/ir/rpnc04/dd/excel/rpnc04_P9-1.xls. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ (French) INSEE, Government of France. "P10-1 - Population de 14 ans et plus selon la connaissance d'une langue mélanésienne et le sexe, par commune, "zone" et par province de résidence" (XLS). http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/ir/rpnc04/dd/excel/rpnc04_P10-1.xls. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ "New Caledonia joins the world football community". FIFA.com. 2004-05-24. http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/news/newsid=92706.html. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
References
- Boyer, S.L. & Giribet, G. (2007): A new model Gondwanan taxon: systematics and biogeography of the harvestman family Pettalidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi), with a taxonomic revision of genera from Australia and New Zealand. Cladistics 23(4): 337-361. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00149.x
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