| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region | |||||||||
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| Abbreviations: 宁 (pinyin: Níng) | |||||||||
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| Origin of name | 宁 níng—tranquil 夏 xià—Western Xia "Tranquil Xia" |
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| Administration type | Autonomous region | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Yinchuan | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Chen Jianguo | ||||||||
| Chairman | {{{Governor}}} | ||||||||
| Area | 66,000 km2 (25,000 sq mi) (27th) | ||||||||
| Population (2004) - Density |
5,880,000 (29th) 89.1 /km2 (231 /sq mi) (25th) |
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| GDP (2008) - per capita |
CNY 109.85 billion (29th) CNY 17,892 (20th) |
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| HDI (2006) | 0.737 (medium) (25th) | ||||||||
| Ethnic composition | Han: 62% Hui: 34% Manchu: 0.4% |
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| Prefecture-level | 5 divisions | ||||||||
| County-level | 21 divisions | ||||||||
| Township-level* | 219 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-64 | ||||||||
| Official website http://www.nx.gov.cn/ |
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| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
*As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
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| Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject China | |||||||||
Ningxia (simplified Chinese: 宁夏; traditional Chinese: 寧夏; pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal map spelling: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; pinyin: Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū), is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary. Ningxia is the home of the Hui, one of the officially recognized Nationalities of China. The capital of the region is Yinchuan.
Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and Inner Mongolia autonomous region and has an area of 66,400 sq km. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was detached and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people in 1958. In 1969, Ningxia received a part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, but this area was returned in 1979. It is nearly coextensive with the ancient kingdom of the Tangut people, whose capital was captured by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. The region is mostly desert and is sparsely settled, but the vast plain of the Yellow River in the north has been irrigated for centuries; over the years an extensive system of canals has been built. Desert and grazing land make up most of the area. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have increased cultivation. The northern section, through which the Yellow River flows, is the best agricultural land. One railroad, linking Lanzhou with Baotou, crosses the region. A highway has been built across the Yellow River at Yinchuan.
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Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty as early as the third century BCE. Throughout the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty there were several large cities established in the region, and by the eleventh century the Tangut tribe had established the Western Xia Dynasty on the outskirts of the then Song Dynasty.
It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early thirteenth century. After the Mongols departed and its influences faded, some Turkic-speaking Muslims also began moving into Ningxia from the west. In the Muslim Rebellion of the 19th century, twelve million non-Muslims were killed by the Hui Muslims for the purpose of developing a Muslim country on the western bank of the Yellow River (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia (excluding the Xinjiang province)), around five million Hui Muslims in Western China were killed by the Qing authorities. [1]
In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu; in 1928, however, it was detached and became a province. Between 1914 and 1928, the Xibei San Ma brothers (literally "three Mas of the northwest") ruled the provinces of Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu. In 1958, Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China. In 1969, Ningxia's border was extended to the north and acquired parts of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, but was reverted again in 1979.
Ningxia borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Rivers that flow through Ningxia include the Yellow River.
Ningxia is a relatively dry, desert-like region. There is significant irrigation in order to support the growing of wolfberries (a commonly consumed fruit throughout the region).
Ningxia's deserts include the Tengger desert in Shapotou.
On 16 December 1920, the Haiyuan earthquake, 8.6 magnitude, at 36°36′N 105°19′E / 36.6°N 105.32°E, initiated a series of landslides that killed an estimated 200,000 people. Over 600 large loess landslides created more than 40 new lakes.[2][3]
In 2006, satellite images indicated that a 700 by 200-meter fenced area within Ningxia—5 km southwest of Yinchuan, near the remote village of Huangyangtan—is a near-exact 1:500 scale terrain model reproduction of a 450 by 350-kilometer area of Aksai Chin bordering India, complete with mountains, valleys, lakes and hills. Its purpose is as yet unknown.[4][5]
| History of Islam in China |
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History |
| Major figures |
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Lan Yu • Yeheidie'erding |
| Culture |
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Cuisine • Martial arts |
| Cities/Regions |
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Hui • Uygur |
The region is 1,200 km from the sea and has a continental climate with average summer temperatures rising to between 17 and 24°C in July and average winter temperatures dropping to between -7 and -10°C in January. Seasonal extreme temperatures can reach 39°C in summer and -30°C in winter. The diurnal temperature variation in summer is 17°C. Annual rainfall averages from 190 to 700 millimeters, with more rain falling in the south of the region.
The politics of Ningxia is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Ningxia. However, in the Autonomous Region's dual party-government governing system, the Chairman has less power than the Communist Party of China Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Ningxia CPC Party Chief".
Ningxia has a friendship agreement with Sogn og Fjordane county of Norway.[6]
Administrative divisions
Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level cities:
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Administrative Seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | Yinchuan | 银川市 | Yínchuān Shì | Xingqing District | |
| 2 | Shizuishan | 石嘴山市 | Shízuǐshān Shì | Dawukou District | |
| 3 | Wuzhong | 吴忠市 | Wúzhōng Shì | Litong District | |
| 4 | Zhongwei | 中卫市 | Zhōngwèi Shì | Shapotou District | |
| 5 | Guyuan | 固原市 | Gùyuán Shì | Yuanzhou District |
Ningxia is the province with the third smallest GDP (Tibet being the last) in the PRC. Its nominal GDP in 2008 was just 109.85 billion yuan (US$15.8 billion) and a per capita GDP of 17,892 yuan (US$2,576). It contributes 0.3% of the national economy.
Ningxia is the principal region of China where wolfberries are grown.
Yinchuan Economic and Technological Development Zone: [7]established in 1992 spanning 32 km2, annual economic output Rmb23.7 billion (25.1% up) (US$3.5 billion) Major investors: Mainly local enterprises such as Kocel Steel Foundry, FAG Railway Bearing (Ningxia), Ningxia Little Giant Machine Tools, etc. Major industries: Machinery and equipment manufacturing, new materials, fine chemicals and the animation industry
Desheng Industrial Park (in Helan County), is a base for about 400 enterprises. The industrial park has industrial chains from Muslim food and commodities to trade and logistics, new materials and bio-pharmaceuticals that has 80 billion yuan in fixed assets. Desheng is looking to be the most promising industrial park in the city. It achieved a total output value of 4.85 billion in 2008, up 40 percent year-on-year. The local government plans to cut taxes and other fees to reduce the burden on local enterprises. The industrial output value reached 2.68 billion yuan in 2008, an increase of 48 percent from a year earlier.
See List of universities and colleges in Ningxia
One of Ningxia's main tourist spots is the famous Xixia Tombs site located 30 km west of Yinchuan. The remnants of nine Western Xia emperors' tombs and two hundred other tombs lie within a 50-km² area. Other famous sites in Ningxia include Helan Shan, the mysterious 108 dagobas, the twin pagodas of Baisikou and the desert research outpost at Shapatou.
 Western Xia Tombs |
 From a cable car running to the top of Helan Shan |
 Aerial view of Yinchuan |
 People's Square in Yinchuan |
 Fountain in Yinchuan |
 The 108 dagobas near Qingtongxia |
 Wolfberry harvest celebration |
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Ningxia (宁夏; Níngxià) is an autonomous region in North West China.
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, established on October 25th, 1958, is bordered by Inner Mongolia to the north and west, Shaanxi to the east and Gansu to the south. The region is mostly mountains and plains with little truly fertile land.The Chinese Moslems, the Huis, make up 1/3 of the population of the region.
Around 1000 AD, the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia was centered in Ningxia, and often in conflist with the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties. In 189 years the throne changed hands ten times. Eventually it was overrun by the Mongols and absorbed into the Chinese empire of its day. Marco Polo visited it at around that time.
The Great Wall of China within Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
One of the better cups of tea offered in this region is the "zeven treasures tea". It yields (not surprisingly) seven ingredients. Sugar lumps, wolfberies, tea leaves.
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Ningxia
| 宁夏 | |
| 寧夏 |
Ningxia (Pinyin Níngxià, traditional 寧夏, simplified 宁夏)
   | Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006) "Armchair Sleuths Uncover Strange Military Sites in China" McClatchy Newspapers / Real Cities Network - Armchair Sleuths Uncover Strange Military Sites in China |
| | OCLC 70324350 - Proceedings of the IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides 23-31 Aug., 1985, Japan. [WorldCat.org] |
| | NPR story about Ningxia - Chronic Water Shortages Hit Rural Chinese Hard : NPR |
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