 Oină pitch animation |
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| Highest governing body | Romanian Oină Federation |
|---|---|
| First played | 1370 (first documented) 1899 (modern rules) |
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | Yes, players are hit with the ball, but no body contact |
| Team members | 11 per side |
| Categorization | Outdoor |
| Equipment | Oină ball |
| Venue | Oină pitch |
| Olympic | No |
Oină (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈoj.nə]) is a Romanian traditional sport, similar in many ways to baseball.
Contents |
Oină was first mentioned during the rule of Vlaicu Vodă in 1364, when it spread all across Wallachia. Its origins are disputed, theories ranging from a shepherd game to a war game.
In 1899, Spiru Haret, the minister of education decided that oină was to be played in schools in Physical education classes. He organized the first annual oină competitions.
The Romanian Oină Federation ("Federaţia Română de Oină") was founded in 1932, and was reactivated at the beginning of the 1950s, after a brief period when it was dissolved.
Today, there are two oină federations: one in Bucharest, Romania and another one in Chişinău, Moldova.
The pitch is a rectangle, 70m long by 32m wide divided into:
The in game area is further split into the advance and return triangles and squares. At the intersection of the lines inside the game area and the pitch limits or other lines within the game area, there are circles which determine the positions of the midfielders ("mijlocaşi") and side players ("mărginaşi"). The 1m and 3m semicircles are used for both batting and the defense side's forward player.
A waiting line is drawn for attacking players to wait their turn to bat.
The defending players are placed in the following positions:
The attacking players change roles as the game progresses. The roles are chronologically ordered this way:
Each team has a captain ("căpitan" or "baci""). The midfielder 2 is usually used as captain because he can throw the ball at an attacking player in any in game position. For this reason, the midfielder 2 is also known as a baci.
Each team has a maximum of 5 substitutes available.
There are two teams of 11 players, one that is at bat ("la bătaie") and one that is at catch ("la prindere") in each half.
The team at bat is selected by a ritual where the players have to grab the bat, thrown by the referee, and the last one to be able to place at least 4 fingers on the bat wins. The game begins with the team at bat, with one of the players throwing the ball while another player of the same team has to hit it with a wooden bat ("bâtă") and send it as far as he can towards the adversary field. After that, if the ball is caught by the adversaries, the player can run (if he wises, or if he is forced to run by the referee) the advance and return corridors/lanes ("culoarele de ducere şi întoarcere"), without being hit by the defenders. If he stops the ball with his palm, or if the ball is thrown out of the pitch by the defenders, while attempting to hit him, he gets a free pass to the back zone, if he is advancing, or the batting zone if he is returning.
A spherical ball made of leather, filled with horse, pig, or bovine hair is used in oină. The ball is around 8cm in diameter and 140 grams in senior games and around 7cm in diameter and 100 grams in U-18 games.
The bat is made of hardwood. It's 90-100cm long, it has a diameter of 5cm at the outer end and 3.5cm at the grabbing end (for U-18 games, the dimensions are 75-80cm, 4cm, and 2.5cm respectively). The bat can be capped at the grabbing end, and the cap is counted as part of the bat's length. Its cross section is circular, and at the grabbing end, about 20cm of the bat has grooves 2mm deep and thick, spaced at about 2cm from each other, to increase grip.
Oina (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈojna]) is a Romanian traditional sport, similar in many ways to baseball.
Contents |
Oina was first mentioned during the rule of Vlaicu Vodă in 1364, when it spread all across Wallachia. It originated as a game played by shepherds.
In 1899, Spiru Haret, the minister of education decided that oina was to be played in schools in Physical education classes. He organized the first annual oina competitions.
The Romanian Oina Federation was founded in 1932, and reactivated at the beginning of the 1950s.
Today, there are two Oina Federations: one in Bucharest, Romania and another one in Chişinău, Moldova.
There are two teams, one that is "at bat" ("la bătaie") and one that is "at catching" ("la prindere").
The game begins with the team "at bat", with one of the players throwing the ball while another player of the same team has to hit it with a wooden bat ("bâtă") and send it as far as he can towards the adversary field. After that, the player has to run the "back-and-forth lanes" (culoarele de ducere şi întoarcere) that are to be found in the adversary field before the adversary receives the ball from his co-players.
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