From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oklahoma (
i /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/)
[3] is a
state located in the
South Central region of the
United States of America. With an estimated 3,687,050 residents in 2009
[4] and a land area of 68,667 square miles (177,847 km²),
[5] Oklahoma is the
28th most populous and
20th-largest state. The state's name is derived from the
Choctaw words
okla and
humma, meaning "red people",
[6] and is known informally by its nickname,
The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of
Oklahoma Territory and
Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as
Oklahomans, and its capital and largest city is
Oklahoma City.
A major producer of
natural gas,
oil and
agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and
biotechnology.
[7] It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in
per capita income growth and
gross domestic product growth.
[8][9] Oklahoma City and
Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their
metropolitan statistical areas.
[10] The state holds a mixed record in education and healthcare, and its largest universities participate in the
NCAA and
NAIA athletic associations, with two collegiate athletic departments rated among the most successful in American history.
[11][12]With small mountain ranges,
prairie, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the
Great Plains and the
U.S. Interior Highlands—a region especially prone to
severe weather.
[13] In addition to having a prevalence of
German,
Irish,
British and
Native American ancestry, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, the most of any state.
[14] It is located on a confluence of three major American
cultural regions and historically served as a route for
cattle drives, a destination for southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned
territory for Native Americans. Part of the
Bible Belt, widespread belief in
evangelical Christianity makes it one of the most politically
conservative states, though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the
Democratic Party than with any other party.
[15]Etymology
The name
Oklahoma comes from the
Choctaw phrase
okla homma, literally meaning
red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of
Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
.^ Status of Native American language endangerment.- Profiles of Native Language Education ProgramsEducation Programs 15 September 2009 3:03 UTC www.sedl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This goal appears to have the most urgency for Native people, because language is a core component of culture and because so many Native languages are declining in use.- Profiles of Native Language Education ProgramsEducation Programs 15 September 2009 3:03 UTC www.sedl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas maintains some use of its language, especially among older adults, but emphasizes the importance of mastering English.- Profiles of Native Language Education ProgramsEducation Programs 15 September 2009 3:03 UTC www.sedl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Oklahoma later became the
de facto name for
Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.
[6][16][17]Geography
Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km²), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km²) of land and 1,231 square miles (3,188 km²) of water.
[18] It is one of six states on the
Frontier Strip, and lies partly in the
Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48
contiguous states.
.^ Borders : Atlantis, Old New Mexico, Kansas, Arkansas, South Park, Megatexas and excluding "Soveriegn Indian Nations" with its' own laws, money, cops, firemen, schools, liquor stores, hospitals and jails, all thanks to all those casinos (whities are dumb).- Oklahoma - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The situation is similar for the Tiguas, who reside in far west Texas near El Paso but have roots with the Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico.- Profiles of Native Language Education ProgramsEducation Programs 15 September 2009 3:03 UTC www.sedl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Turn east on Slaughterville Road Go 14 miles to Pine Corner Road turn south .7 miles to our green gate on the west side of the road.- Where to find pick your own farms and orchards in Oklahoma for fruit, vegetables, pumpkins and Christmas trees. 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.pickyourown.org [Source type: General]
Topography
Oklahoma is situated between the
Great Plains and the
Ozark Plateau in the
Gulf of Mexico watershed,
[19] generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary.
[20][21] Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak,
Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the
Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of
Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.
[22]Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct
ecological regions, with 11 in its borders — more per square mile than in any other state.
[13] Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western half contains three.
[13]The
semi-arid high plains in the state’s
northwestern corner harbor few natural forests. Oklahoma there is a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent
canyons and
mesa ranges like the
Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small mountain ranges like the
Antelope Hills and the
Wichita Mountains dot
southwestern Oklahoma, and transitional prairie and woodlands cover the
central portion of the state.
.^ The eastern third of the state has continued to dry out over similar periods.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Directions: Take highway 75 South to 221st st. Turn east for 5 miles, turn south for 1 mile, turn west 4/10 mile.- Where to find pick your own farms and orchards in Oklahoma for fruit, vegetables, pumpkins and Christmas trees. 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.pickyourown.org [Source type: General]
[21][25] More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of artificial reservoirs in the nation.
[24] Most of the state lies in two primary
drainage basins belonging to the
Red and
Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins.
[25]Flora and fauna
Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma
[24] and
prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and
tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although
cropland has largely replaced native grasses.
[26] Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and
shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though
pinyon pines,
junipers, and
ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle.
[26] Marshlands,
cypress forests and mixtures of
shortleaf pine,
loblolly pine and deciduous forests dominate the state's
southeastern quarter, while mixtures of largely
post oak,
elm,
cedar and
pine forests cover
northeastern Oklahoma.
[25][26][27]The state holds populations of
white-tailed deer,
coyotes,
bobcats,
elk, and birds such as
quail,
doves,
cardinals,
bald eagles,
red-tailed hawks, and
pheasants. In prairie ecosystems,
american bison,
greater prairie-chickens,
badgers, and
armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest
prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The
Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351
vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to
black bear,
red fox,
grey fox, and
river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the
American Alligator.
[26]Protected lands
Mesas rise above one of Oklahoma's state parks.
Oklahoma has 50
state parks,
[28] six
national parks or protected regions,
[29] two
national protected forests or
grasslands,
[30] and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of forest is public land,
[27] including the western portions of the
Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the southern United States.
[31] With 39,000 acres (158 km²), the
Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of
tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an
ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.
[32] In addition, the
Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km²) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma.
[33] The
Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine
national wildlife refuges in the state
[34] and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km²).
[35] Of Oklahoma's federally protected park or recreational sites, the
Chickasaw National Recreation Area is the largest, with 9,898.63 acres (18 km²).
[36] Other federal protected sites include the
Santa Fe and
Trail of Tears national historic trails, the
Fort Smith and
Washita Battlefield national historic sites, and the
Oklahoma City National Memorial.
[29]Climate
Oklahoma is located in a
temperate region and experiences occasional extremes of temperature and precipitation typical in a
continental climate.
[37] Most of the state lies in an area known as
Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold and warm air masses producing
severe weather.
[22] An average 54
tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.
[38] .^ Between 3-6 inches of precipitation fell over a good portion of the state, while the Oklahoma Panhandle suffered through a couple of bouts of nasty winter weather.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[22]The
humid subtropical climate (Koppen
Cfa) of the eastern part of Oklahoma influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the
Gulf of Mexico, but transitions progressively to a
semi-arid zone (Koppen
BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about
Lawton westward less frequently touched by southern moisture.
[37] Precipitation and temperatures fall from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62
°F (17
°C) and an annual rainfall of 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).
[22] All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C),
[37] and snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of
Colorado in the panhandle.
[22] The state is home to the
National Storm Prediction Center of the
National Weather Service located at
Norman.
[39]
| Monthly temperatures for Oklahoma's largest cities |
| City |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
| Oklahoma City |
47/26 |
54/31 |
62/39 |
71/48 |
79/58 |
87/66 |
93/71 |
92/70 |
84/62 |
73/51 |
60/38 |
50/29 |
| Tulsa |
46/26 |
53/31 |
62/40 |
72/50 |
80/59 |
88/68 |
94/73 |
93/71 |
84/63 |
74/51 |
60/39 |
50/30 |
| Lawton |
50/26 |
56/31 |
65/40 |
73/49 |
82/59 |
90/68 |
96/73 |
95/71 |
86/63 |
76/51 |
62/39 |
52/30 |
| Average high/low temperatures in °F[40][41] |
History
Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last
ice age,
[42] but the state's first permanent inhabitants settled in communities accentuated with
mound-like structures near the Arkansas border between 850 and 1450 AD.
[43][44] Spaniard
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541,
[45] but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s
[46] and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the
Louisiana Purchase.
[45]
Cowboys drove cattle across the state in the late 19th century.
During the 19th century, thousands of Native Americans were removed from their ancestral homelands from across North America and transported to the area including and surrounding present-day Oklahoma; this forced deportation was organized by the Federal government. The "
Five Civilized Tribes" in the South were the most prominent nations displaced by American removal policy, a relocation that came to be known as the
Trail of Tears during the Choctaw Nation's removals starting in 1831. The area, already occupied by
Osage and
Quapaw tribes, was designated for the
Choctaw Nation until revised American policy redefined the boundaries to include other Native Americans. By 1890, more than 30 Native American nations and tribes had been allocated land within
Indian Territory or "Indian Country."
[47] In the period between 1866 and 1899,
[45] cattle ranches in Texas strove to meet the demands for food in eastern cities, and railroads in Kansas promised to deliver in a timely manner.
Cattle trails and cattle ranches developed as
cowboys either drove their product north or settled illegally in Indian Territory.
[45] .^ On March 2, 1890, the federal government established the territory of Oklahoma, which consisted of lands in the southern part of the region and the western portion of the Indian Territory, in addition to the Panhandle.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After the war, by a series of treaties from 1866 to 1883, the Indian nations were forced to cede the western half of the territory to the U.S. as a home for other Indian tribes.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[48] Increased presence of white settlers in Indian Territory prompted the United States Government to establish the
Dawes Act in 1887, which divided the lands of individual tribes into allotments for individual families, encouraging farming and private land ownership among native Americans, but giving excess land to the federal government.
.^ Oklahoma is called the Sooner State, a reference to the settlers who were here before the federal government officially opened the land to settlement.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1834 the region was established as the Indian Territory and the tribal authority of the Indian nations within the territory was assured.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On March 2, 1890, the federal government established the territory of Oklahoma, which consisted of lands in the southern part of the region and the western portion of the Indian Territory, in addition to the Panhandle.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[49]
The
Dust Bowl sent thousands of farmers into poverty during the 1930s.
Major
land runs, including the
Land Run of 1889, were held for settlers on the hour that certain territories were opened to settlement.
.^ Settlers who crossed the state line before the land run started were known as "Sooners", becoming the first illegal immigrants to Oklahoma.- Oklahoma - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[50] Those who broke the rules by crossing the border into the territory before it was allowed were said to have been crossing the border
sooner, leading to the term
sooners, which eventually became the state's official nickname.
[51]Delegations to make the territory into a state began near the turn of the 20th century, when the
Curtis Act furthered the allotment of Indian tribal lands in Indian Territory. Attempts to create an all-Indian state named
Oklahoma, and a later attempt to create an all-Indian state named
Sequoyah failed, but the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 eventually laid the groundwork for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention, which took place two years later.
[52] On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was established as the 46th state in the Union.
The new state became a focal point for the emerging
oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "
Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy.
[53] In 1927, Oklahoma businessman
Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began a campaign to create
U.S. Route 66. Using an existing stretch of highway from
Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the
U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.
[54]Oklahoma also has a rich African American history. There were many black towns that thrived in the early 1900s because of black settlers moving from neighboring states, especially Kansas. Politician Edward P. McCabe started the movement of many black settlers to the then Indian Territory. This movement encouraged Edward P. McCabe to actually talk to President Theodore Roosevelt about making Oklahoma a majority-black state. Many of the all black towns are now ghost towns, however,
Boley and
Langston (home of the historically black university
Langston University) still thrive today.
In the early 20th century, despite
Jim Crow Laws and a statewide presence of the
Ku Klux Klan, Tulsa was home to
Greenwood, one of the most prosperous African American communities in the United States,
[55] but was the site of the
Tulsa Race Riot in 1921. One of the costliest acts of racial violence in American history, sixteen hours of rioting resulted in 35 city blocks destroyed, $1.8 million in property damage, and a death toll estimated to be as high as 300 people.
[56] By the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was reduced to negligible influence within the state.
[57].^ Rain and Snow Visit the State January 4, 2007 Much-needed rain and snow visited the state during December, lessening drought conditions and providing welcome relief to most of Oklahoma.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The state's most notable droughts, the 1930s Dust Bowl and the 1950s, were both broken in a spectacularly wet fashion.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Drought conditions have continued to worsen in that area, which never saw the rains that most of the state enjoyed during the previous year.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Known as the
Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and
northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States.
[58] Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent. In response, dramatic efforts in
soil and
water conservation led to massive flood control systems and dams, creating hundreds of
reservoirs and man-made lakes. By the 1960s, more than 200 man-made lakes had been created, the most in the nation.
[13][59]
.^ In other "football" notes, the 1980s Tulsa Roughnecks of the American Major Soccer League were the only major league team in Oklahoma's history.- Oklahoma - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In Stock Forever Changed: Remembering Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995 by Marsha Kight ( 1 ) Price: $32.98 .- Lists & Guides tagged with oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.amazon.com [Source type: General]
^ Broadway Bookseller (Kentucky) See entire list of 9 items , including Historic Photos of Oklahoma City and History Firsthand - Oklahoma City...- Lists & Guides tagged with oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.amazon.com [Source type: General]
The
Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which
Timothy McVeigh and
Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. Timothy McVeigh was later sentenced to death and executed by lethal injection, while his partner, Terry Nichols, was convicted of 161 counts of first degree murder and received life in prison without the possibility of parole.
[60]
Economy
Based in the sectors of
aviation, energy, transportation equipment,
food processing,
electronics, and
telecommunications, Oklahoma is an important producer of
natural gas,
aircraft, and
food.
[7] The state ranks second in the nation for production of natural gas,
[61] and is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, ranking 5th in production of wheat.
[62] Four
Fortune 500 companies and Three
Fortune 1000 company are headquartered in Oklahoma,
[63] and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,
[64] with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.
[65] From 2000 to 2006, Oklahoma's
gross domestic product grew 50 percent, the fifth-highest rate in the nation. It had the fastest-growing GDP between 2005 and 2006, increasing from $122.5 to $134.6 billion, a jump of 10.8 percent,
[9] and its gross domestic product per capita grew 5.9 percent from $36,364 in 2006 to $38,516 in 2007, the third-fastest rate in the nation. Its 2007 per capita GDP ranked 41st among the states.
[66] Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a
collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.
[67] Oil accounted for 17 percent of Oklahoma's economic impact in 2005,
[68] and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.
[69]Industry
.^ In just the first eight days of May 2007, Oklahoma posted a statewide-averaged rainfall total of 3.53 inches.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[69] The government sector provides the most jobs, with 326,000 in 2007, followed by the transportation and
utilities sector, providing 285,000 jobs, and the sectors of education, business, and
manufacturing, providing 191,000, 178,000, and 151,000 jobs, respectively.
[69] Among the state's largest industries, the aerospace sector generates $11 billion annually.
[64] Tulsa is home to the largest airline maintenance base in the world, which serves as the global maintenance and engineering headquarters for
American Airlines.
[70] In total, aerospace accounts for more than 10 percent of Oklahoma's industrial output, and it is one of the top 10 states in aerospace engine manufacturing.
[7] Because of its position in the center of the United States, Oklahoma is also among the top states for logistic centers, and a major contributor to weather-related research.
[64] The state is the top manufacturer of tires in North America and contains one of the fastest-growing
biotechnology industries in the nation.
[64] In 2005, international exports from Oklahoma's manufacturing industry totaled $4.3 billion, accounting for 3.6 percent of its economic impact.
[71] Tire manufacturing, meat processing, oil and gas equipment manufacturing, and air conditioner manufacturing are the state's largest manufacturing industries.
[72]
Energy
A major oil producing state, Oklahoma is the fifth-largest producer of crude oil in the nation.
[73]
Oklahoma is the nation's second-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, has the second-greatest number of active
drilling rigs,
[73] and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves.
[74] While the state ranked fifth for installed
wind energy capacity in 2005,
[75] it is at the bottom of states in usage of
renewable energy, with 96 percent of its electricity being generated by
non-renewable sources in 2002, including 64 percent from
coal and 32 percent from natural gas.
[76] Ranking 11th for total energy consumption per capita in 2006,
[77] Oklahoma's energy costs were 10th lowest in the nation.
[73] As a whole, the oil energy industry contributes $23 billion to Oklahoma's gross domestic product,
[68] and employees of Oklahoma oil-related companies earn an average of twice the state's typical yearly income.
[78] In 2004, the state had 83,750 commercial oil wells and as many as 750,000 total wells,
[68][74] churning 178 thousand
barrels of crude oil a day.
[74] Ten percent of the nation's natural gas supply is held in Oklahoma, with 1.662 trillion cubic feet (47.1 km
3).
[74]According to
Forbes Magazine, Oklahoma City-based
Devon Energy Corporation,
Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and
SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation,
[79] and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related.
[63] In 2006, Tulsa-based
Semgroup ranked 5th on the Forbe's list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based
QuikTrip ranked 46th, and Oklahoma City-based
Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 25th in 2008 report.
[79] Tulsa's
ONEOK and
Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to
Fortune Magazine.
[80] The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and
Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.
[80]Agriculture
.^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ August 2008 Climate Summary September 5, 2008 August was a wet month for most of the state as record-setting precipitation fell over parts of central and southern Oklahoma.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Rain and Snow Visit the State January 4, 2007 Much-needed rain and snow visited the state during December, lessening drought conditions and providing welcome relief to most of Oklahoma.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62][81] .^ Farming accounts for 4% of the annual gross state product in Oklahoma.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ November 7, 2006 KASHRUS CLARIFICATION Please be advised that CHAMBORD DAIRY PRODUCTS Produced by World of Chantilly, Brooklyn, NY Will NO longer be produced as Cholov Yisroel.- OK Kosher Certification — Kosher Alerts 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.ok.org [Source type: General]
^ Beef cattle are the state’s leading agricultural product.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62] .^ Farming accounts for 4% of the annual gross state product in Oklahoma.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ April 19,1995 Multiple witnesses believe they heard more than one explosion.- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62] .^ Oklahoma’s economy has traditionally been dominated by agriculture and mining, but by the early 1990s, service industries, government, and manufacturing had grown to become the largest economic sectors.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[81]
Culture
Oklahoma's heritage as a pioneer state is depicted with the
Pioneer Woman statue in
Ponca City.
Oklahoma is placed in the
South by the
United States Census Bureau,
[82] but lies fully or partially in the
Midwest,
Southwest, and southern
cultural regions by varying definitions, and partially in the
Upland South and
Great Plains by definitions of abstract geographical-cultural regions.
[83] Oklahomans have a high rate of
German,
Scotch-Irish, and Native American ancestry,
[84] with 25 different native languages spoken, more than in any other state.
[14] Six governments have claimed the area at different times,
[85] and 67 Native American tribes are represented in Oklahoma,
[45] including the greatest number of tribal headquarters and 39 federally recognized nations.
[86] Western ranchers, native American tribes, southern settlers, and eastern oil barons have shaped the state's cultural predisposition, and its largest cities have been named among the most underrated cultural destinations in the United States.
[87][88] While residents of Oklahoma are associated with stereotypical traits of
southern hospitality — the Catalogue for Philanthropy ranks Oklahomans 4th in the nation for overall generosity
[89] — the state has also been associated with a negative cultural
stereotype first popularized by
John Steinbeck's novel '
Grapes of Wrath', which described the plight of uneducated, poverty-stricken
Dust Bowl-era farmers deemed "
Okies".
[90][91][92] However, the term is used in a positive manner by Oklahomans.
[91]Arts and theater
In the state's largest urban areas, pockets of
jazz culture flourish,
[94] and
Native American,
Mexican, and
Asian enclaves produce music and art of their respective cultures.
[95] The Oklahoma Mozart Festival in
Bartlesville is one of the largest
classical music festivals in the southern United States,
[96] and Oklahoma City's
Festival of the Arts has been named one of the top fine arts festivals in the nation.
[94] The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining world wide fame;
Yvonne Chouteau, sisters
Marjorie and
Maria Tallchief,
Rosella Hightower and
Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the
Five Moons. The
Tulsa Ballet, is rated as one of the top ballet companies in the United States by the
New York Times.
[94] The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.
[97][98][99] In
Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical
Oklahoma![100] Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as
The Tulsa Sound and
Western Swing, which was popularized at
Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing",
[101] served as the performance headquarters of
Bob Wills and the
Texas Playboys during the 1930s.
[102] Stillwater is known as the epicenter of
Red Dirt music, the best-known proponent of which is the late
Bob Childers.
.^ Remember the good ol’ days when Barack Obama promised the nation that he’d close Guantanamo Bay, end the wars, enact no new taxes for the middle class, and cut net spending rather than raise it?
^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Southeastern Oklahoma, for instance, is having its 23rd driest winter on record thus far at more than an inch and a half below normal.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[94] The
Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50
fine art museums in the United States,
[93] and the
Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region.
[94] The collections of
Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the
Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.
[103] The
Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist
Dale Chihuly in the world,
[104] and Oklahoma City's
National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier.
[94] With remnants of the
Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of
Jewish art in the
Southwest United States.
[105]
Festivals and events
Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association,
[106] and consisted of multiple celebrations ending with the 100th anniversary of
statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals in
Scottish,
Irish,
Italian,
Vietnamese,
Chinese,
Czech,
Jewish,
Arab,
Mexican and
African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions. During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the
Oklahoma State Fair attracts close to one million people,
[107] and large
pow-wows,
Asian festivals, and
Juneteenth celebrations are held in the city each year. The
Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run,
[108] and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007.
[109] In 2006, Tulsa's
Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by
USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by
Bon Appetit magazine.
[110] Tulsa also hosts the annual music festival
Dfest, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma’s first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma’s “largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation.”
[111]Education
With an educational system made up of
public school districts and independent
private institutions, Oklahoma had 631,337 students enrolled in 1,849 public
primary,
secondary, and
vocational schools in 540
school districts as of 2006.
[112] Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of
Native American students in the nation with 120,122 students in the 2005-06 school year.
[113] Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $6,614 for each student in 2005, 47th in the nation,
[112] though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.
[114] The state is among the best in
pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for
early childhood schooling.
[115] While
high school dropout rates decreased 29 percent between 2005 and 2006, Oklahoma ranked in the bottom three states in the nation for retaining high school seniors,
[116] with a 3.2 percent dropout rate.
[112] In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with
high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.
[117][118]In the 2007-2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a masters degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007-June 30, 2008). The national average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.
[126]Sports
Oklahoma supports popular sports, with teams in
basketball,
football,
arena football,
baseball,
soccer, and
hockey, located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The
Oklahoma City Thunder of the
National Basketball Association is the state's only
major league sports franchise, but minor league sports, including
minor league baseball at the
AAA and AA levels, hockey in the
Central Hockey League, and arena football in the
AF1 league are hosted by the
Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz and the
Tulsa Talons. Oklahoma City also hosts the
Oklahoma City Lightning playing in the
National Women's Football Association, and Tulsa is the base for the
Tulsa 66ers of the
NBA Development League and the
Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the
American Indoor Soccer League.
[127] Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the
USBL and the
CBA.
Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The
University of Oklahoma Sooners and the
Oklahoma State University Cowboys average well over 60,000 fans attending their football games, and the University of Oklahoma's
American football program ranked 13th in attendance among American colleges in 2006, with an average of 84,561 people attending its home games.
[130] The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the
Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports programs from 11 Oklahoma colleges and universities compete within the
NCAA, with four participating at the association’s highest level,
Division I: University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, University of Tulsa, and Oral Roberts University.
[131] Sports Illustrated magazine rates the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University among the top colleges for athletics in the nation.
[11][132] In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges or universities participate in the
NAIA, mostly within the
Sooner Athletic Conference.
[133]
Regular
LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and
major championships for the
PGA or
LPGA have been played at
Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.
[134] Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four
PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three
U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.
[135] Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and
Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.
[136]Health
The state was the 21st-largest recipient of medical funding from the federal government in 2005, with health-related federal expenditures in the state totaling $75,801,364;
immunizations,
bioterrorism preparedness, and health education were the top three most funded medical items.
[137] Instances of major diseases are near the national average in Oklahoma, and the state ranks at or slightly above the rest of the country in percentage of people with
asthma,
diabetes,
cancer, and
hypertension.
[137].^ (Time , February 24,1997) 2000 federal agents interview over 20,000 people, but no agents went to Elohim City.- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 2000 the average population density was 50.3 people per sq mi of land area; most of the population was concentrated in the E half of the state.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ According to data from the Oklahoma Mesonet, the year-to-date statewide average rainfall total of 37.44 inches through October 15 ranks as the 6th wettest since 1921 at more than seven inches above normal.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[138] One of the worst states for percentage of insured people, nearly 25 percent of Oklahomans between the age of 18 and 64 did not have health insurance in 2005, the fifth-highest rate in the nation.
[139] Oklahomans are in the upper half of Americans in terms of
obesity prevalence, and the state is the 5th most obese in the nation, with 30.3 percent of its population at or near obesity.
[140]
Media
The second largest newspaper in Oklahoma, the
Tulsa World has a circulation of 189,789.
[146]
The state has two primary
newspapers.
The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 48th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 215,102 and a Sunday readership of 287,505. The
Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 77th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 189,789 and a weekday readership of 138,262.
[146] Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the
Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both
Cherokee and English.
[150] .^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There is more evidence to suggest there was not a Ryder truck used in the bombing than to confirm that there was such a vehicle.- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Oklahoma Mesonet measures a large variety of environmental conditions at more than 100 locations statewide.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[150]Two large
public radio networks are broadcast in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Public Radio and
Public Radio International.
.^ The state’s first radio station, WKY in Oklahoma City, was licensed in 1921.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[151] .^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The southwest and southeast corners of the state have each experienced their second-wettest August on record with surpluses of more than three inches.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ January 28-30, 2002: This powerful winter storm wreaked havoc on the northwestern half of the state, and none suffered more than the state's power suppliers.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[152] The state's first radio station, WKY in Oklahoma City, signed on in 1920, followed by KRFU in
Bristow, which later moved to Tulsa and became
KVOO in 1927.
[153] In 2006, there were more than 500 radio stations in Oklahoma broadcasting with various local or nationally owned networks.
[154]Oklahoma has a few ethnic-oriented TV stations broadcasting in
Spanish,
Asian languages and sometimes have Native American programming.
TBN, a Christian religious television network has a studio in Tulsa, and built their first entirely TBN-owned affiliate in Oklahoma City in 1980.
[citation needed]Transportation
Transportation in Oklahoma is generated by an anchor system of
Interstate Highways,
intercity rail lines,
airports,
inland ports, and
mass transit networks. Situated along an integral point in the United States Interstate network, Oklahoma contains three
interstate highways and four
auxiliary Interstate Highways. In Oklahoma City,
Interstate 35 intersects with
Interstate 44 and
Interstate 40, forming one of the most important intersections along the United States highway system.
[155] More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten
turnpikes or major toll roads,
[155] and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation.
[156] .^ In the early 1990s Oklahoma had 49 daily newspapers with a total daily circulation of about 744,200 including the Daily Oklahoman in Oklahoma City, and the Tulsa World, in Tulsa.- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Oklahoma City in particular set several precipitation records, including their All-time August rainfall total and all-time August daily rainfall total.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Of Oklahoma’s 88 heliports and 322 airports, the two busiest are Tulsa International Airport and Will Rogers World Airport (Oklahoma City).- http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=wwwwak-426&article_id=774&chapter_id=15&chapter_title=United_States&article_title=Oklahoma 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.worldalmanacforkids.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[157] In 2007, the state had the nation's highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 6,300 bridges in disrepair, including 127 along its primary highway system.
[158]
Map of Oklahoma showing major roads and thoroughfares
Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is
Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million in 2005.
[159] Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, serves more than three million travelers annually.
[160] Between the two, thirteen major airlines operate in Oklahoma.
[161][162] In terms of traffic, Riverside-Jones airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 235,039 takeoffs and landings in 2006.
[163] In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.
[164]Oklahoma is connected to the nation's rail network via
Amtrak's
Heartland Flyer, its only regional passenger rail line. It currently stretches from
Oklahoma City to
Fort Worth, Texas, though lawmakers began seeking funding in early 2007 to connect the Heartland Flyer to
Tulsa.
[165] Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the
Port of Muskogee and the
Tulsa Port of Catoosa.
.^ Keep in mind that the state's major metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa have largely received only glancing blows from the previous icing events.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ With this relief, the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDCM) lowered the drought severity across most of the state by one to two categories.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[166][167] Both ports are located on the
McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects
barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the
Mississippi River via the
Verdigris and
Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.
[167]Law and government
State government
The
Legislature of Oklahoma consists of the
Senate and the
House of Representatives. As the lawmaking branch of the state government, it is responsible for raising and distributing the money necessary to run the government. The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two year terms.
.^ While the year-to-date total for the state stands as the 13th wettest on record, the Panhandle and far northwestern Oklahoma have recorded their 11th driest January-April period on record.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[169][170]Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the
Oklahoma Supreme Court, the
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of
Impeachment and the
Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary.
.^ These same documents were then put into the Federal records of an amazing case in Philadelphia Easter District of Federal Court, months after the Oklahoma City bombing happened!- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The state's 27 tornadoes during each of the last two years are little more than half the annual average of 53.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ April 17,1997 Representative Key announces the Oklahoma State Supreme Court decision to uphold the appellate court decision for an independent grand jury to investigate the bombing.- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a
non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.
[169]The executive branch consists of the
Governor, his staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the
ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the
Oklahoma National Guard when not called into
Federal use and reserving the power to
veto bills passed through the Legislature.
.^ Specific responsibilities include, but not limited to: • Ensuring t ...- Oklahoma Jobs in Oklahoma Job Search. 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC oklahoma.jobs.com [Source type: News]
[171]Local government
The state is divided into 77
counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk,
court clerk,
treasurer, and
sheriff.
[172] While each
municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction.
[173][174] Other local government units include
school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.
.^ Historically, the area was home to large numbers of nomadic Native Americans who hunted bison.- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Power companies estimated that power could be lost for up to two months in some rural areas of northwestern Oklahoma.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It also has the third-highest percentage of Native Americans after Alaska and Oklahoma, and the fifth-highest total number of Native Americans after California, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Texas.- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
While
Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties.
.^ The city ranks as the seventh-largest city in the United States by land area which includes consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county .- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ They found our government malignant in its intent and charged the United States with murder!- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The city ranks as the seventh-largest city in the United States by land area which includes consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county .- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Keyword Search: View the Agency/License List for the state government agencies included in the system and the licenses they require.- Business Licensing - New & Existing Businesses - Oklahoma Department of Commerce 15 September 2009 3:03 UTC www.okcommerce.gov [Source type: News]
[175][176]
Five congressional districts are located in Oklahoma.
National politics
Presidential elections results[177]
| Year |
Republicans |
Democrats |
| 2008 |
65.65% 960,165 |
34.35% 502,496 |
| 2004 |
65.57% 959,792 |
34.43% 503,966 |
| 2000 |
60.31% 744,337 |
38.43% 474,276 |
| 1996 |
48.26% 582,315 |
40.45% 488,105 |
| 1992 |
42.65% 592,929 |
34.02% 473,066 |
| 1988 |
57.93% 678,367 |
41.28% 483,423 |
| 1984 |
68.61% 861,530 |
30.67% 385,080 |
| 1980 |
60.50% 695,570 |
34.97% 402,026 |
| 1976 |
49.96% 545,708 |
48.75% 532,442 |
| 1972 |
73.70% 759,025 |
24.00% 247,147 |
| 1968 |
47.68% 449,697 |
31.99% 301,658 |
| 1964 |
44.25% 412,665 |
55.75% 519,834 |
| 1960 |
59.02% 533,039 |
40.98% 533,039 |
Oklahoma has a voter demographic weighted towards the
Democratic Party as of 2007. Though there are 11.6 percent more registered Democrats in Oklahoma than registered Republicans,
[15] the state has voted for a Republican in every presidential election from 1968 forward, and in 2004,
George W. Bush carried every county in the state and 65.6 percent of the statewide vote and in 2008 Republican
John McCain received 65.7 percent of the statewide vote and every county, making Oklahoma the only state whose counties voted unanimously for McCain.
[178]Cities and towns
Oklahoma City is the state's capital and largest city by population and land area.
Oklahoma had 549 incorporated places in 2006, including three cities over 100,000 in population and 40 over 10,000. Two of the
fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma,
Oklahoma City and
Tulsa, and 58 percent of Oklahomans live within their
metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the
United States Census Bureau as a
metropolitan statistical area.
[10][179] Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the
largest metropolitan area in the state in 2007, with 1,269,907 people, and the
metropolitan area of Tulsa had 905,755 residents.
[180] Between 2005 and 2006, the Tulsa
suburbs of
Jenks,
Bixby, and
Owasso led the state in population growth, showing percentage growths of 47.9, 44.56, and 34.31, respectively.
[181]
Tulsa is the state's second largest city by population and land area.
In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2007 were:
Oklahoma City (547,274),
Tulsa (384,037),
Norman (106,707),
Lawton (91,568),
Broken Arrow (90,714),
Edmond (78,226),
Midwest City (55,935),
Moore (51,106),
Enid (47,008), and
Stillwater (46,976). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of
Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.
[181].^ Most of the state saw more than an inch of liquid precipitation with 94 of 118 Oklahoma Mesonet sites hitting that mark.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Damage from the current storm will undoubtedly soar into that territory as well as clean-up begins and the impacts become more well-defined.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Southeastern Oklahoma, for instance, is having its 23rd driest winter on record thus far at more than an inch and a half below normal.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Both have
legislative,
judicial, and public power within their boundaries, but cities can choose between a
mayor-council,
council-manager, or
strong mayor form of government, while towns operate through an elected officer system.
[173]
Demographics
| Historical populations |
| Census |
Pop. |
|
%± |
| 1890 |
258,657 |
|
—
|
| 1900 |
790,391 |
|
205.6% |
| 1910 |
1,657,155 |
|
109.7% |
| 1920 |
2,028,283 |
|
22.4% |
| 1930 |
2,396,040 |
|
18.1% |
| 1940 |
2,336,434 |
|
−2.5% |
| 1950 |
2,233,351 |
|
−4.4% |
| 1960 |
2,328,284 |
|
4.3% |
| 1970 |
2,559,229 |
|
9.9% |
| 1980 |
3,025,290 |
|
18.2% |
| 1990 |
3,145,585 |
|
4.0% |
| 2000 |
3,450,654 |
|
9.7% |
| Est. 2009 |
3,687,050 |
|
6.9% |
Oklahoma Population Density Map
As of 2007, Oklahoma had a population of 3,617,316
[1] with an estimated 2005 ancestral makeup of 14.5%
German, 13.1%
American, 11.8%
Irish, 9.6%
English, 8.1%
African American, and 11.4%
Native American, including 7.9%
Cherokee,
[182][183] though the percentage of people claiming American Indian as their only race was 8.1%.
[5] The state had the second highest number of Native Americans in 2002, estimated at 395,219, as well as the second highest percentage among all states.
[183] As of 2006, 4.7% of Oklahoma's residents were foreign born,
[184] compared to 12.4% for the nation.
[185] The
center of population of Oklahoma is located in
Lincoln County near the town of
Sparks.
[186]The state's 2006 per capita personal income ranked 37th at $32,210, though it has the third-fastest growing per capita income in the nation
[8] and ranks consistently among the lowest states in cost of living index.
[187] The Oklahoma City suburb
Nichols Hills is first on
Oklahoma locations by per capita income at $73,661, though
Tulsa County holds the highest average.
[181] In 2006, 6.8% of Oklahomans were under the age of 5, 25.9% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. Females made up 50.9% of the population.
It is also noteworthy that there are no towns or cities in the State of Oklahoma that begin with the letters "U", "X" or "Z" according to the state's tax website:
http://www.tax.ok.gov/mla/mla-index.html.
Religion
Adherents participate in 73 major affiliations spread between 5,854 congregations, ranging from the
Southern Baptist Convention, with 1578 churches and 967,223 members, to the
Holy Orthodox Church in North America, with 1 church and 6 members. The state's largest church memberships are in the Southern Baptist Convention, the
United Methodist Church, with 322,794 members, the
Roman Catholic Church, with 168,625, the
Assemblies of God, with 88,301, and
Churches of Christ, with 83,047.
[191] In 2000, there were about 5,000
Jews and 6,000
Muslims, with 10 congregations to each group.
[191]State symbols
Oklahoma's quarter, released in 2008 as part of the
state quarters series, depicts Oklahoma's state bird flying above its state wildflower.
[192]
Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions are codified by state law;
[193] the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations.
- State bird: Scissortail flycatcher
- State tree: Eastern Redbud
- State mammal: American Bison
- State Vegetable: Watermelon
- State beverage: Milk
- State fruit: Strawberry
- State game bird: Wild Turkey
- State fish: Sandbass
- State floral emblem: Mistletoe
- State flower: Oklahoma Rose
- State wildflower: Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchellum)
- State grass: Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
- State fossil: Saurophaganax maximus[195]
- State rock: Rose rock
- State insect: Honeybee
- State soil: Port Silt Loam
- State reptile: Collared Lizard
- State amphibian: Bullfrog
- State meal: fried okra, squash, cornbread, barbecue pork, biscuits, sausage and gravy, grits, corn, strawberries, chicken fried steak, pecan pie, and black-eyed peas.
- State folk dance: Square Dance
- State percussive instrument: drum
- State waltz: Oklahoma Wind
- State butterfly: Black Swallowtail
- State song: "Oklahoma!"
- State rock song: "Do You Realize??" by The Flaming Lips[196]
See also
Notes
- A. ^ Determined by a survey by the Pew Research Center in 2008. Percentages represent claimed religious beliefs, not necessarily membership in any particular congregation. Figures have a ±5 percent margin of error.[190]
- B. ^ Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, other faiths each account for less than 1 percent. Jehovah's Witness, Mormons, Orthodox Christianity, and other Christian traditions each compose less than .5% percent. 1% refused to answer the Pew Research Center's survey.[190]
References
- ^ a b "State Fact Sheets: Oklahoma". Economic Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2008-07-02. http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/ok.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. April 29, 2005. http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest. Retrieved 2006-11-07.
- ^ "Oklahoma - Definitions from Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Oklahoma. Retrieved 2007-08-10.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 2009pop; see Help:Cite error.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. 2006-01-12. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40000.html. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ a b Wright, Muriel (June 1936). "Chronicles of Oklahoma". Oklahoma State University. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v014/v014p156.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma at a Glance" (pdf). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/Oklahoma_At_A_Glance_0602061749.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "State Personal Income 2006". United States Department of Commerce. 2007-03-27. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b "Gross Domestic Product by State (2005-2006)" (pdf). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/Gross_Domestic_Product_by_State_2000_0706071891.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (csv). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
- ^ a b "America's Best Sports Colleges: 1-10". Sports Illustrated. 2002-10-07. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b "Princeton review raves TU" (pdf). The Collegian. 2002-09-24. http://www.utulsa.edu/collegian/pdf/vol88iss03.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ a b c d "Oklahoma, All Terrain Vacation". TravelOK. TravelOK.com. 2006-01-12. http://www.travelok.com/atv/index.asp. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
- ^ a b Greymorning, Stephen. "Profiles of Native American Education Programs". Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. http://www.sedl.org/pubs/lc05/intro.html. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ a b c "Registration by Party as of January 15, 2007" (pdf). Oklahoma State Election Board. Oklahoma State Election Board. 2007. http://www.ok.gov/~elections/reg_0107.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
- ^ "Oklahoma State History and Information". A Look at Oklahoma. Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation. 2007. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo2.html. Retrieved 2006-06-07.
- ^ Merserve, John (1941). "Chief Allen Wright". Chronicles of Oklahoma. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles/v019/v019p314.html. Retrieved 2006-06-07.
- ^ "Land and Water Area of States, 2000". Information Please. 2000. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108355.html. Retrieved 2006-11-22.
- ^ "A Tapestry of Time and Terrain". USGS. 2003-04-17. http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b "The Geography of Oklahoma". Netstate. 2007-07-31. http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/ok_geography.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma State Map Collection". geology.com. 2006. http://geology.com/state-map/oklahoma.shtml. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c d e Arndt, Derek (2003-01-01). "The Climate of Oklahoma". Oklahoma Climatological Survey. http://cig.mesonet.org/climateatlas/doc60.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Managing Upland Forests of the Midsouth". USD Forest Service. 2007-03-07. http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/4159/about/HotSpringsOffice.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b c "About Oklahoma". TravelOK.com. 2007. http://www.travelok.com/about/index.asp. Retrieved 2006-07-10.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma in Brief" (pdf). State of Oklahoma. 2003. http://www.odl.state.ok.us/almanac/2005/3-inbrief.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ a b c d "A Look at Oklahoma: A Student's Guide" (pdf). State of Oklahoma. 2005. http://www.travelok.com/about/StudentGuide.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma Ecoregional Maps". Oklahoma Department of Agriculture. http://www.ok.gov/~okag/forestry-okforestshome.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Parks". Oklahoma Parks Department. 2004. http://www.oklahomaparks.com/index.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma National Park Guide". National Park Service. 2007. http://home.nps.gov/applications/parksearch/state.cfm?st=ok. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "National Forests". United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 2005-05-01. http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/map/state_list.shtml#Oklahoma. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Ouachita National Forest". United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 2005-05-10. http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/ouachita/about/. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Tallgrass Prairie Preserve". The Nature Conservatory. 2007. http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/oklahoma/preserves/tallgrass.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Black Kettle National Grassland". USDA Forest Service. 2007-07-24. http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/cibola/districts/black.shtml. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Refuge Locator Map - Oklahoma". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/refuges/refugeLocatorMaps/Oklahoma.html. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ^ "Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=21670. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ^ "Chickasaw National Recreation Area - Park Statistics". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/chic/parkmgmt/statistics.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma's Climate: an Overview" (pdf). University of Oklahoma. http://climate.mesonet.org/county_climate/Products/oklahoma_climate_overview.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Tornado Climatology". NOAA National Climatic Data Center. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
- ^ Novy, Chris. "SPC and its Products". NOAA. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/about.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Oklahoma Weather And Climate". UStravelweather.com. 2007. http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-oklahoma. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Weather Averages: Lawton, Oklahoma". MSN Weather. http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:USOK0307. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ^ Palino, Valerie. "Early Man in North America: The Known to the Unknown". Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/2/80.02.07.x.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "The Historic Spiro Mounds". Spiro Area Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.myspiro.com/spiroMounds.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Prehistory of Oklahoma". rootsweb. http://www.rootsweb.com/~oknowata/PreHIn.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c d e "Oklahoma's History". Government of Oklahoma. http://www.ok.gov/osfdocs/stinfo2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "French and Spanish Explorations". rootsweb. http://www.rootsweb.com/~oknowata/FrSPEX.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "1890 Indian Territory Map". RootsWeb. http://www.rootsweb.com/~cherokee/1890map.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ "Map of Cattle Drives in 1881". Lectricbooks. http://www.lectricbooks.com/index_files/Trails.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ Hamilton, Robert. "United States and Native American Relations". Florida Gulf Coast University. http://itech.fgcu.edu/&/issues/vol3/issue1/united.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Factors Influencing Enrollment in Agricultural Education Classes of Native American Students in Oklahoma" (DOC). Oklahoma State University. 1999. http://aaae.okstate.edu/proceedings/1999/Factors%20Influencing%20Enrollment.doc. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Rushes to Statehood". National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum. http://www.nationalcowboymuseum.org/research/r_virt_landrun5.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Clem Rogers". Will Rogers Museum Association. http://www.willrogers.com/new/articles/exhibits/Sequoyah_Centennial/Sequoyah_exhibit.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Tulsa Area History". Tulsa County Library. http://www.tulsalibrary.org/tulsahistory/communities.htm#tul. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
- ^ "The Father of Route 66". University of Virginia. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG02/carney/avery.html. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ "The Tulsa Lynching of 1921: A Hidden Story". Variety Magazine. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117786589.html?categoryid=32&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Tulsa Race Riot, A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, February 28, 2001" (PDF). Oklahoma Historical Society. http://www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/trrc/file1.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
- ^ O'Dell, Larry. "KU KLUX KLAN". Oklahoma Historical Society. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KU001.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "1930s Dust Bowl". Cimarron County Chamber of Commerce. 2005-08-05. http://www.ccccok.org/museum/dustbowl.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "History of the States: Oklahoma, The Sooner State". The History Channel. 2007. http://www.history.com/states.do?action=detail&state=OK&contentType=State_Generic&contentId=54146. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
- ^ "Oklahoma City Tragedy". CNN. 1996. http://www.cnn.com/US/OKC/bombing.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Oklahoma Rising" (pdf). Chesapeake Energy. 2007. http://www.chkenergy.com/Websites/1/Files/OK-February%202007.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c d "State Fact Sheets: Oklahoma". United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-07-03. http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/OK.HTM. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Fortune 500: 2006 States". CNN. 2007. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/states/O.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c d "An Overview Of Oklahoma's Target Industries". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?Itemid=383&id=302&option=content&task=view. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ Ellis, David (2007). "Tax Friendly Places 2007". CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/pf/0704/gallery.tax_friendliest/8.html. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ^ "Per Capita Gross Domestic Product by State". University of New Mexico. 2007-06-12. http://www.unm.edu/~bber/econ/st-gsp4.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ Snead, Mark (2006). "Outlook Update – OKC GM Plant Closing" (pdf). Oklahoma State University. http://economy.okstate.edu/outlook/2006/2006%20Oklahoma%20Economic%20Outlook%20-%20GM%20Closing.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma's Energy history". Oklahoma Energy Resource Board. 2005. http://www.oerb.com/industry/history_3.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma Economy at a Glance". United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2007-08-01. http://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.ok.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "American's TUL Maintenance & Engineering Base Sets Goal to Achieve $500 Million in Revenue, Cost Savings By End of 2006". American Airlines. http://www.aa.com/content/amrcorp/pressReleases/2005_03/03_tulmebase.jhtml. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
- ^ "Impact of Trade in Oklahoma" (pdf). United States Chamber of Commerce. 2005. http://www.traderoots.org/FOT/IOT/IOT07_OK.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Manufacturing Cluster Analysis" (pdf). Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2005. http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/Manufacturing_Cluster_Report_2908051623.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c "Fueling Oklahoma's Economy" (pdf). Oklahoma Wind Power Initiative. 2002-07-15. http://www.seic.okstate.edu/owpi_old/Policymkr/library/paper1.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b c d "Oklahoma Factoids" (pdf). Oklahoma Energy Resource Board. 2003. http://www.oerb.com/downloads/stats/OklahomaFactoidsHR.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Annual Industry Rankings Demonstrate Continues Growth of Wind Industry in the United States". American Wind Energy Association. 2006-03-15. http://www.awea.org/news/Annual_Industry_Rankings_Continued_Growth_031506.html. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ^ "Oklahoma Energy Statistics". United States Department of Energy. 2007-06-18. http://www.eere.energy.gov/states/state_specific_statistics.cfm/state=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ^ "Oklahoma Energy Overview". United States Department of Energy. 2007-08-02. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ^ "Impact of Oklahoma's Oil industry". Oklahoma Energy Resource Board. 2007. http://www.oerb.com/industry/impact.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Three Of America’s Largest Private Companies Call Oklahoma Home". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. 2005-12-02. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=657&Itemid=286. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Three Fortune's Snapshot: Devon energy". CNN. 2007. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/snapshots/1866.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "A Welcome From The Commissioner". Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. http://www.state.ok.us/~okag/. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (pdf). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ Lew, Allen. "What is geography?". Northern Arizona University. http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/ggr346/text/chapters/ch1.html. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ Greene, Wayne. "Largest Ancestry". Valparaiso University. http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/pics/geo200/culture/ancestry.gif. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Flags over Oklahoma". Oklahoma History Center. http://www.okhistorycenter.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=78&Itemid=108. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Oklahoma Quick Facts". Oklahoma Department of Tourism. 2007. http://www.travelok.com/about/fun_facts.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Fodor's Choice: Top Overlooked Destinations". Fodor's Magazine. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-04-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20070405151813/http://www.fodors.com/features/nfdisplay1.cfm?name=si/020228_si_fc_tulsa.cfm. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Oklahoma Travel Industry Association Information". Oklahoma Travel Industry Association. 2007. http://www.otia.info/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=2%20%0D. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Generosity Index 2003 (2001 data)". Catalogue for Philanthropy. 2003. http://www.catalogueforphilanthropy.org/cfp/db/generosity.php. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ "The Essence of the Midwest". Clarke College. 1999-05-10. http://keller.clarke.edu/~english/honors/aaron/sec3.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ a b "Filmmaker to share documentary chronicling local poet’s life". Sacramento State University. 2003-02-25. http://www.csus.edu/news/022503film.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ Greene, Wayne. "Oklahoma centennial quiz". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=070715_1_CE2_NEWor84848. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ a b "Museums of Oklahoma". Tufts University. http://ase.tufts.edu/arted/MuseumsOklahoma.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b c d e f "Oklahoma - A Great Place to Play". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=413. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Oklahoma's Diversity". Oklahoma Department of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=335&Itemid=415. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Oklahoma Mozart Festival". OK Mozart Festival. 2007. http://www.okmozart.com/folders.asp?action=display&record=11. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ Gilmore, Joan (2007-12-13). "OKC Events". The Oklahoma City Journal Record. http://www.journalrecord.com/. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ "Ballet Russes". Geller/Goldfine Productions. 2008. http://www.gellergoldfine.com/russes_dancers.html. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ "Capri Films" (PDF). Geller/Goldfine Productions. 2008. http://www.caprifilms.com/images/press/ballet/ballets_russes_presskit.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ "Honors and Awards". Discoveryland!. http://discoverylandusa.com/awards.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ^ Elliott, Matt (2007-03-25). "Cain’s Ballroom - A Music Icon: Venue is a landmark for Western swing, punk fans". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=070321_1_CE13_spanc63544. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ Stancavage, John (2006-07-15). "Selling Tulsa: Branded". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=060715_Bu_E1_Tulsa51913. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "The All-Terrain Vacation". Travelok.com. http://www.travelok.com/atv/urban.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "About the Museum". Oklahoma City Museum of Art. http://www.okcmoa.com/p/6811/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Sherwin Miller Museum of Judaism". Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art. http://www.jewishmuseum.net/. Retrieved 2006-04-20.
- ^ Barber, Brian (2006-09-07). "100 and 1: State's centennial is named top-ranked bus-tour destination". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=060907_Ne_A13_State52295. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Fair Opens September 14" (PDF). Oklahoma State Fair. 2006-09-11. http://www.okstatefair.com/documents/2006%20OSF%20Opens.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ "Tulsa State Fair - General Information". Tulsa State Fair. 2007. http://www.tulsastatefair.com/fair/generalinfo/index.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
- ^ Bell, Leigh (2007-05-21). "Mayfest: Celebrating Downtown: Festival closes after big year". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070521_238_A1_hMore10041. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
- ^ Harrison, Daniel. "Top 10: American Oktoberfest Destinations". Ask Men. http://www.askmen.com/fashion/travel_top_ten_100/112c_travel_top_ten.html. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
- ^ "Medieval Fair of Norman". Medieval Fair of Norman. 2010. http://www.medievalfair.org/index.html. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- ^ a b c d "A Look at Education". Oklahoma State Department of Education. 2006. http://www.sde.state.ok.us/publ/stats/default.html. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Public Elementary and Secondary School Student Enrollment, High School Completions and Staff from the Common Core of Data, School Year 2005-06" (pdf). IES, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007352.pdf.
- ^ "Growth in Oklahoma's State Governments 1992-2002" (pdf). University of Central Oklahoma. 2006-02-01. http://www.busn.ucok.edu/ucopi/docs/govgrowth1992-2002.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Superintendent Garrett announces Oklahoma #1 in Pre-Kindergarten". Oklahoma State Department of Education. 2004-11-19. http://www.sde.state.ok.us/pro/prek/default.html. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Oklahoma's "Kids Count" Ranking Falls Again". KOTV. 2007-07-25. http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=132224. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "High school diploma or higher, by percentage by state". Statemaster.com. 2004. http://www.statemaster.com/graph/edu_hig_sch_dip_or_hig_by_per-high-school-diploma-higher-percentage. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ "Missouri and the Nation". University of Missouri. 2007-02-09. http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/mo_nation/no_highschool_grad_1990_2000.shtml. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "America's Best Colleges - 2007". Oklahoma Education Information System. 2007. http://www.okhighered.org/oeis/News.shtml. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Student Center Financial Aid". Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 2008. http://www.okhighered.org/student-center/financial-aid/rubs.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ a b "NSU Demographics" (pdf). Northeastern State University. 2006. http://arapaho.nsuok.edu/~research/formsguide/NSU%20DEMOGRAPHICS%202005-2006.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ "Rare Eye Condition Takes Center Stage At NSUOCO". Northeastern State University. 2008. http://www.nsuba.edu/news/story.php?1960. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ "INBRE Participants". Oklahoma Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence. http://okinbre.org/participating%20institutions.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ "OBU Named to The Princeton Review “Best in the West” list". Oklahoma Baptist University. 2005-08-26. http://www.okbu.edu/news/view_article.php?id=482. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Best Value Colleges". Princeton Review. 2006-03-28. http://ir.princetonreview.com/test/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=191272. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Oklahoma Colleges: A Profile of College Degree Programs & Post-Secondary Education in Oklahoma". http://www.collegedegreereport.com/articles/oklahoma-colleges-profile-college-degree-programs-post-secondary-education-oklahoma.
- ^ Hibdon, Glenn (2007-07-29). "Pro soccer: Soccer comes to Tulsa". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/sports/article.aspx?articleID=070729_2_B2_hTheT26273. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "BA Team Valuations - #29 New Orleans Hornets". PGA. 2007-01-25. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/32/biz_06nba_New-Orleans-Hornets_328959.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Sonics, city reach settlement". The Seattle Times. 2008-07-02. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008030229_sonitrial02.html. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ "Oklahoma Sets New Attendance Record". University of Oklahoma. http://www.soonersports.com/facilities/memorial-stadium-attendance.html. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- ^ "NCAA Members by State". NCAA. http://www.ncaa.org/conferences/schools_by_state.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "America's Best Sports Colleges: 11-100". Sports Illustrated. 2002-10-07. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/11_100/. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Member Institutions". NAIA. 2005. http://naia.cstv.com/member-services/about/members.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Oklahoma's Top 10 Private Golf Courses". Tulsaweb. http://www.tulsaweb.com/Golf/Private.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Southern Hills Country Club is rich in History". PGA. 2007. http://www.pga.com/pgachampionship/2007/news/20060228_history.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Rodeo History". Guymon Rodeo Foundation. http://www.guymonrodeo.com/rodeohistory.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
- ^ a b "Health Report: Oklahoma". Trust for America's Health. http://healthyamericans.org/state/index.php?StateID=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "State health workforce profiles:Oklahoma" (pdf). United States Department of Health and Human Services. ftp://ftp.hrsa.gov/bhpr/workforce/summaries/Oklahoma03.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Health insurance, lack of coverage among adults: State, 2002-2005". United States Department of Health and Human Services. http://209.217.72.34/HDAA/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=151. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
- ^ "U.S. Obesity Trends". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "OU Medical Center Employment Opportunities". University of Oklahoma. http://www.oumedcenter.com/eRecruit.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Trauma One Center". University of Oklahoma. http://www.oumedcenter.com/CustomPage.asp?guidCustomContentID=3F100B4D-6724-11D4-81F3-00508B1249D5. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Southwestern Regional Medical Center". Cancer Treatment Centers of America. http://www.cancercenter.com/southwestern-hospital/about-this-hospital.cfm. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
- ^ "Tulsa Regional Medical Center Changes its name to OSU Medical Center". Oklahoma State University. 2007. http://osu.okstate.edu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=479&Itemid=90. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Basic Biomedical Research in the OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine". Oklahoma State University. http://www.research.okstate.edu/report00/com/comnar.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ a b "2006 Top 100 Daily Newspapers in the U.S. by Circulation" (pdf). BurrellesLuce. 2006. http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2006_Top_100List.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "210 Designated Market Areas - 03-04". Nielsen Media. http://web.archive.org/web/20060517010320/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Historical Highlights of Television in Tulsa, Oklahoma". Tulsa TV History. http://www.tulsatvmemories.com/tvthesi2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "U.S. Television Stations in Oklahoma". Global Computing. 2007. http://www.globalcomputing.com/GetTV_Map1.cfm?PageNum_q_GetTV_Map=1&stateid=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ a b "History of Newspapers in Oklahoma". Oklahoma Historical Society. http://www.okhistory.org/research/collections/news_history.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "About OPR". Oklahoma Public Radio. 2007. http://www.kosu.org/aboutus.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "PRI factsheet". Public Radio International. http://www.pri.org/InPRI_FactSheet.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Oklahoma Fun Facts". Legends of America. 2007. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OK-Facts2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Complete List of Radio Stations in the State of OK". On the Radio.net. 2006. http://www.ontheradio.net/states/oklahoma.aspx. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ a b "Transportation in Oklahoma City". Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcchamber.com/page.asp?atomid=128. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Route 66 - Facts and Trivia". Legends of America. 2007. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/66-Facts.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "2005 Annual Average Daily Traffic" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. 2005. http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/maps/aadt/urbanarea05.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Ellis, Randy (2007-08-03). "In Oklahoma: We are worst in the nation". The Daily Oklahoman. http://newsok.com/article/3097777. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
- ^ "Passenger Trends". Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2005. http://www.flyokc.com/index.aspx?page=media&id=2&sid=2. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Case Study: Tulsa International Airport" (PDF). Johnson Controls. 2007. http://www2.johnsoncontrols.com/cg-cases/CSST-A06-003.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Tulsa International Airport - Airline Information". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=3. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Will Rogers World Airports - Airline Information". Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2004. http://www.flyokc.com/index.aspx?page=service. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Riverside Jones Airport". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=11. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Airports of Oklahoma". Oklahoma Airport Operators Association. http://www.okairports.com/airports.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Barber, Brian. "Federal matching funds may help bring Amtrak to Tulsa". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070118_Ne_A11_el2Fe11577. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Live in Tulsa". Tulsa Chamber of Commerce. 2005. http://tulsaok.usachamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=1189. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
- ^ a b "What's new at the port?". Tulsa Port Authority. http://www.tulsaport.com/news_and_events.html. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "State Government - Oklahoma". GoveEngine.com. 2006. http://www.govengine.com/stategov/oklahoma.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma State Government". Netstate. 2007-06-07. http://www.netstate.com/states/government/ok_government.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Legislative Longevity Limits". U. S. Term Limits. http://www.ustl.org/leglong.html. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
- ^ "Report of the Governor's Commission on Government Performance". Governor's Commission. 1995-12-01. http://www.oklaosf.state.ok.us/osfdocs/gvcmmsh2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "List of County Officers". Government of Oklahoma. 2006-01-06. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/county.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma Municipal Government" (pdf). Oklahoma Department of Libraries. 2005. http://www.odl.state.ok.us/almanac/2005/12-muni.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ Diehl, Don (2007-07-24). "Metro About Jenks population figures ... doubled in size since 2000 census". Neighbor Newspapers. http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=2754&dept_id=573976&newsid=18622071&PAG=461&rfi=9. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ Henry, Robert (1989-03-22). "Oklahoma Attorney General's Opinions: Question Submitted by: The Honorable Enoch Kelly Haney, Oklahoma State Senate". The Oklahoma State Courts Network. http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=61934. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ^ Robertson, Lindsay (2001). "Native Americans and the Law: Native Americans Under Current United States Law". University of Oklahoma. http://thorpe.ou.edu/guide/robertson.html. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ^ Leip, David. "Presidential General Election Results Comparison - Oklahoma". US Election Atlas. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=40&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
- ^ "Presidential Election of 2004 in Oklahoma" (pdf). Oklahoma State Election Board. Oklahoma State Election Board. 2004. http://www.ok.gov/~elections/04pres.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "State and County Quickfacts - Metropolitan Statistical Area". United States Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_metro.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
- ^ Morgan, Rhett (2008-03-27). "Stillwater's growth tops in Oklahoma". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080327_1_A9_hBein77115. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- ^ a b c "Oklahoma Census Data Center News" (pdf). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. July 2007. http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/2007_July_Oklahoma_Census_Data_Center_News_1907072217.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Oklahoma - Selected Social Characteristics". United States Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US40&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=305&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
- ^ a b "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (pdf). United States Census Bureau. 2002. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Immigration Impact:Oklahoma". Federation for American Immigration Reform. http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_researchd66d. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^ "National Selected Social Characteristics". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-redoLog=false. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "statecenters". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "More or Less". Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?ption=content&task=view&id=330&Itemid=411. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Bram, Thursday. "Jewish Life in the Bible Belt". New Voices Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-01-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20070121104922/http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=672. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Sherman, Bill (2007-04-29). "Minister’s book plunges into cultural issues". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070428_8_H7_TheRe84848&breadcrumb=religion. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Religious Landscapes Survey". The Pew Forum on Religion and Life. http://religions.pewforum.org/maps. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ a b c "State Membership Report - Oklahoma". Association of Religion Data Archives. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/40_2000.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=press_release&id=862. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ "OCIS Document Index". The Oklahoma Supreme Court Network. http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?ftdb=STOKST&level=1. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. http://www.statefossils.com/ok/ok.html. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ John Benson, (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/chinaNews/idUKTRE53R0L520090428.
Further reading
- Baird, W. David; and Danney Goble (1994). The Story of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2650-7.
- Dale, Edward Everett; and Morris L. Wardell (1948). History of Oklahoma. New York: Prentice-Hall. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9570550.
- Gibson, Arrell Morgan (1981). Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (2nd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1758-3.
- Goble, Danney (1980). .^ The eastern border of New Mexico lies along 103° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and three miles west of 103.5° W longitude with Texas.
- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Located in the South Central United States, Texas is bordered by Mexico to the south, New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east.- Oklahoma - US State | Juggle.com 28 January 2010 0:36 UTC www.juggle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1510-6.
- Jones, Stephen (1974). Oklahoma Politics in State and Nation (vol. 1 (1907-62) ed.). Enid, Okla.: Haymaker Press.
- Joyce, Davis D. (ed.) (1994). An Oklahoma I Had Never Seen Before: Alternative Views of Oklahoma History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2599-3.
- Morgan, Anne Hodges; and H. Wayne Morgan (eds.) (1982). .^ Oklahoma Basketball News - view more .
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1651-X.
- Morgan, David R.; Robert E. England, and George G. Humphreys (1991). .^ In Bedlam, Sooners top Oklahoma State 62-57 in OT (AP) Mon, 11 Jan 2010 20:48:59 PST - .
^ The Oklahoma Climatological Survey (OCS) has been mandated by the Oklahoma legislature to provide climate information and expertise which could be of value to the public, as well as to state policy- and decision-makers.- Oklahoma Climatological Survey 17 September 2009 1:01 UTC climate.ok.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ December 24,1996 The Oklahoma Court of Appeals granted the request of Oklahoma State Representative Charles key to investigate the federal government's investigation of the bombing.- Oklahoma City Bombing 18 September 2009 7:53 UTC www.apfn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3106-7.
- Morris, John W.; Charles R. Goins, and Edwin C. McReynolds (1986). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (3rd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1991-8.
- Wishart, David J. (ed.) (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4787-7.
External links
General
Government
Tourism and recreation
Culture and history
Maps and demographics
Top topics
Wikis
Quiz
Facts
Map
Misc
Search
Oklahoma 
