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Virus disease
Classification and external resources
MeSH D014777

These are tables of the clinically most important[1] viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

Contents

Structural characteristics

Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family:

Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species
Family Baltimore group Important species[1] envelopment[1] Virion shape[1] Replication site[1]
Adenoviridae dsDNA adenovirus non-enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Picornaviridae +ssRNA coxsackievirus, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus non-enveloped icosahedral
Herpesviridae dsDNA Herpes simplex, type 1, Herpes simplex, type 2, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-barr virus,Human cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus, type 7, Human herpesvirus, type 8 enveloped nucleus
Hepadnaviridae dsDNA and ssDNA Hepatitis B virus enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Flaviviridae +ssRNA Hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, other Flaviviruses enveloped icosahedral
Retroviridae +ssRNA Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enveloped
Orthomyxoviridae -ssRNA Influenza virus enveloped spherical nucleus[2]
Paramyxoviridae -ssRNA Measles virus, Mumps virus, Parainfluenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus,Human metapneumovirus enveloped spherical
Papillomaviridae dsDNA Papillomavirus non-enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Rhabdoviridae -ssRNA Rabies virus enveloped helical, bullet shaped
Togaviridae +ssRNA Rubella virus enveloped icosahedral
Parvoviridae ssDNA Human bocavirus, Parvovirus B19 enveloped icosahedral

Clinical characteristics

The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family:

Type Family Transmission[1] Diseases[1] Treatment[1] Prevention[1] laboratory diagnosis[1]
adenovirus adenoviridae
  • droplet contact (mainly)
  • fecal-oral
  • venereal
  • direct contact (ocular infections)
 None

None[3]
Coxsackievirus Picornaviridae fecal-oral, droplet contact Coxsackie infections None None Cell culture, antibody detection
Epstein-Barr virus Herpesviridae Saliva None None
Hepatitis A virus Picornaviridae fecal-oral acute hepatitis Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
  • Vaccine
  • immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
  • avoid food-contamination
 antibody detection
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae
  • All body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, mother's milk etc.)
  • vaccine
  • immunoglobulin (perinatal and post-exposure prophylaxis)
  • viral antigen detection
  • antibody detection
  • nucleic acid detection
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae
  • blood
  • (sexual)
 None
  • antibody detection
  • nucleic acid detection
Herpes simplex virus, type 1 Herpesviridae direct contact with saliva and lesions None
Herpes simplex virus, type 2 Herpesviridae
  • sexually
  • birth
  • contact-avoidance with lesions
  • safe sex
cytomegalovirus Herpesviridae
  • tears
  • urine
  • semen
  • saliva
  • vaginal secretions
  • mother's milk
  • crosses placenta
  • blood
 None antibody and nucleic acid detection
Human herpesvirus, type 8 Herpesviridae many in evaluation-stage None Nucleic acid and antibody detection
HIV Retroviridae
  • sexual
  • blood
  • mother's milk
 AIDS HAART
  • nucleic acid,
  • p24
  • antibody detection
Influenza virus Orthomyxoviridae droplet contact
measles virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact
  • measles
  • postinfectious encephalomyelitis
 None MMR vaccine antibody detection
Mumps virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact Mumps None MMR vaccine antibody detection
Human papillomavirus Papillomaviridae direct contact
  • Visual inspection
  • Antigen detection
  • Nucleic acid detection
Parainfluenza virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact None None Antibody detection
Poliovirus Picornaviridae fecal-oral Poliomyelitis None Polio vaccine Antibody detection
Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae
  • Animal bite
  • droplet contact
 Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis Histology (postmortem)
Respiratory syncytial virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact, hand-to-mouth
  • bronchiolitis
  • pneumonia
  • influenza-like syndrome
  • severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia
 (ribavirin)
  • hand-washing
  • avoidance
  • palivizumab in high risk individuals
 antibody and antigen detection
Rubella virus Togaviridae droplet contact None MMR vaccine Antibody detection
Varicella-zoster virus Herpesviridae droplet contact Varicella:

Zoster:
  • Cell culture
  • antigen and nucleic acid detection

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.   Pages 354-366
  2. ^ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.   Page 315
  3. ^ Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections:loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis 31 (3): 663–70. doi:10.1086/313999. PMID 11017812.  
  4. ^ a b c d e Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.   Page 47
Pathology: Medical conditions (Diseases/Disorders/Illness, Syndromes/Sequences, Symptoms/Signs, Injuries, etc.) and ICD codes
(A/B, 001-139)
(C/D,
140-239 & 280-289)
Cancer (C00-D48, 140-239)
Myeloid hematologic (D50-D77, 280-289)
Lymphoid immune (D80-D89, 279)
(E, 240-278)
(F, 290-319)
(G, 320-359)
(H, 360-389)
(I, 390-459)
(J, 460-519)
(K, 520-579)
(L, 680-709)
(M, 710-739)
(N, 580-629)
(O, 630-679)
(P, 760-779)
(Q, 740-759)
(R, 780-799)
(S/T, 800-999)
Infectious diseases · Viral diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
Oncovirus
Immune disorders
Central
nervous system
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
system/
acute viral
nasopharyngitis/
viral pneumonia
Digestive system
DNA virus: HBV (B)
RNA virus: CBV · HAV (A) · HCV (C) · HDV (D) · HEV (E) · HGV (G)
Skin and
mucous membrane
lesions,
including exanthem
Other
Urogenital
see also DNA antivirals, RNA antivirals, Antiretroviral drug
Microbiology: Virus
Components
Viral life cycle
Genetics
Other
Baltimore (virus classification)
DNA
RNA
RT
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