Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion
shape and replication site, generally share the same features among
virus species within the same family:
The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially
among species within the same family:
Type |
Family |
Transmission[1] |
Diseases[1] |
Treatment[1] |
Prevention[1] |
laboratory diagnosis[1] |
adenovirus |
adenoviridae |
- droplet contact (mainly)
- fecal-oral
- venereal
- direct contact (ocular infections)
|
|
None |
None[3]
|
|
Coxsackievirus |
Picornaviridae |
fecal-oral, droplet contact |
Coxsackie infections |
None |
None |
Cell culture, antibody detection |
Epstein-Barr virus |
Herpesviridae |
Saliva |
|
None |
None |
|
Hepatitis A virus |
Picornaviridae |
fecal-oral |
acute hepatitis |
Immunoglobulin (post-exposure
prophylaxis) |
- Vaccine
- immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
- avoid food-contamination
|
antibody detection |
Hepatitis B virus |
Hepadnaviridae |
- All body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, mother's
milk etc.)
|
|
|
- vaccine
- immunoglobulin (perinatal and post-exposure prophylaxis)
|
- viral antigen detection
- antibody detection
- nucleic acid detection
|
Hepatitis C virus |
Flaviviridae |
|
|
|
None |
- antibody detection
- nucleic acid detection
|
Herpes
simplex virus, type 1 |
Herpesviridae |
direct contact with saliva and lesions |
|
|
None |
|
Herpes
simplex virus, type 2 |
Herpesviridae |
|
|
|
|
|
cytomegalovirus |
Herpesviridae |
- tears
- urine
- semen
- saliva
- vaginal secretions
- mother's milk
- crosses placenta
- blood
|
|
|
None |
antibody and nucleic acid detection |
Human
herpesvirus, type 8 |
Herpesviridae |
|
|
many in evaluation-stage |
None |
Nucleic acid and antibody detection |
HIV |
Retroviridae |
- sexual
- blood
- mother's milk
|
AIDS |
HAART |
|
- nucleic acid,
- p24
- antibody detection
|
Influenza virus |
Orthomyxoviridae |
droplet contact |
|
|
|
|
measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
droplet contact |
- measles
- postinfectious encephalomyelitis
|
None |
MMR vaccine |
antibody detection |
Mumps virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
droplet contact |
Mumps |
None |
MMR vaccine |
antibody detection |
Human papillomavirus |
Papillomaviridae |
direct contact |
|
|
|
- Visual inspection
- Antigen detection
- Nucleic acid detection
|
Parainfluenza virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
droplet contact |
|
None |
None |
Antibody detection |
Poliovirus |
Picornaviridae |
fecal-oral |
Poliomyelitis |
None |
Polio
vaccine |
Antibody detection |
Rabies
virus |
Rhabdoviridae |
- Animal bite
- droplet contact
|
Rabies |
Post-exposure prophylaxis |
Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis |
Histology (postmortem) |
Respiratory
syncytial virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
droplet contact, hand-to-mouth |
- bronchiolitis
- pneumonia
- influenza-like syndrome
- severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia
|
(ribavirin) |
- hand-washing
- avoidance
- palivizumab in
high risk individuals
|
antibody and antigen detection |
Rubella
virus |
Togaviridae |
droplet contact |
|
None |
MMR vaccine |
Antibody detection |
Varicella-zoster
virus |
Herpesviridae |
droplet contact |
|
Varicella:
Zoster:
|
|
- Cell culture
- antigen and nucleic acid detection
|