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The War
Portal
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Introduction
War is a state of
conflict between
relatively large groups of people (such as nations, states, organizations, social groups), which is characterized by
the use of armed lethal violence between combatants or upon civilians. Other terms for war, which often
serve as euphemisms,
include armed conflict, hostilities, and police action.
A common perception of war is a series of military
campaigns between at least two or more opposing sides involving
a dispute over sovereignty, territory, resources, ideology or a host of other
issues. A war to liberate an
occupied country is sometimes
characterised as a "war of liberation", while a war between
internal elements of the same state may constitute a civil war.
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| Two ant colonies in
pitched battle. |
Aside from humans and their primate brethren, ants are the only other species known to exhibit
such behavior on a large scale.[1]
A battle
is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties
wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. Battles are most
often fought during wars or military
campaigns and can usually be well defined in time, space and
action. Wars and campaigns are guided by strategy
whereas battles are the stage on which tactics are employed. German
strategist Carl von Clausewitz stated that
"The employment of battles to gain victory" is the essence of strategy.
Military history is the
recording, in writing or
otherwise, of the events in the history of humanity that fall
within the category of conflict. This may range from a melee between
two tribes to conflicts between proper militaries to a world war affecting the majority of the human
population.
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Featured
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Alcibiades was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and
general. The last famous member of an aristocratic family that fell
from prominence after the Peloponnesian War, he played a major
role in the second half of that conflict as a strategic advisor,
military commander, and politician. During the course of the
Peloponnesian War, Alcibiades changed his allegiance on several
occasions. In his native Athens in the early 410s BC, he
advocated for an aggressive foreign policy, and was a prominent
proponent of the Sicilian Expedition, but fled to Sparta after his political
enemies brought charges of sacrilege against him. In the years that
he served Sparta, Alcibiades played a crucial role in Athens'
undoing; the capture of Decelea and the revolts of several critical
Athenian subjects occurred either at his suggestion or under his
supervision. Once restored to his native city, however, he played a
crucial role in a string of Athenian victories that eventually
brought Sparta to seek a peace with Athens. He favored
unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery
or negotiation rather than by siege. Alcibiades' military and
political talents frequently proved valuable to whichever state
currently held his allegiance, but his capacity for making powerful
enemies ensured that he never remained in one place for long, and,
by the end of the war that he had helped rekindle in the early
410s, his days of political relevance were a bygone memory.
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