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This article is about the philosophy. For the condition or state of being, see Postmodernity.
Postmodernism
preceded by Modernism
followed by Remodernism
  
.Postmodernism literally means 'after modernism'. While "modern" itself refers to something "related to the present", the movements modernism and postmodernism are understood as cultural projects or as a set of perspectives.^ Modernity versus postmodernity.” Culture and Society .
  • Unacknowledged Roots and Blatant Imitation:
    Postmodernism and the Dada Movement     15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sociology.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Cultural hegemony is itself a product of modernism.

 ^ To some, postmodernism should mean "after modernism".
  • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema, journalism and design, as well as in marketing and business and in the interpretation of history, law, culture and religion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.^ American poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism.
  • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ American fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism.
  • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism that represents a departure from modernism and has at its heart a general distrust of grand theories and ideologies as well as a problematical relationship with any notion of "art."
  • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC richarddawkins.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.In one of the seminal works on the topic, philosopher and literary critic Fredric Jameson describes postmodernism as the "dominant cultural logic of late capitalism", that is, as the cultural practices that are organically bound to postmodernism's historical economic correspondent ("late capitalism", a period sometimes called financial capitalism, postindustrialism, consumer capitalism, globalization).^ Marxist and literary critic Fredric Jameson associates postmodernism with “late capitalism“ in many of his writings.
  • PostModernism - Free Courses 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC freecourses.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Jameson, Fredric (1984) ‘Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism’, in New Left Review, no.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Postmodernism, or, The cultural logic of late capitalism / Fredric Jameson.

 .In this understanding, the period of postmodernism's dominance begins early in the Cold War and continues through to the present.^ This trend continues through Postmodernity.
  • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ He identifies early modernity as the period between the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution, modernity as the period at the start of the Industrial Revolution, and postmodernity as the period of mass media (cinema and photography).
  • Postmodernism and Its Critics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.as.ua.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Even when a text on modern history begins much earlier, secularization and nationalism are presented as major characteristics of the modern period.
  • Constructive Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.huaren.org [Source type: Original source]

 [1]
.Postmodernism can also be understood as a reaction to modernism.^ Architects who understood that style but went beyond it could either say that what was once modern was no longer so, or call themselves "postmodern".

 ^ The postmodern is, therefore, a movement which has arisen in reaction to the modernism of Western civilization.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The term postmodernism was first used in the 1950s and 1960s to refer to a movement in architecture that was a reaction against the austere linear forms of modern architectural styles.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 .Following the devastation of fascism and World War II many intellectuals and artists in Europe became distrustful of modernism.^ During World War II about 100,000 Serbs were forced out, and banned from returning by Tito(!
  • Kosovo as a Symbol of Anti-Postmodernism : Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.chroniclesmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ When the age of European empire ended after World War II, the new situation was described as post-colonial.

 ^ Indeed for many appropriationist artists, the commodity form of mass-entertainment, intellectual property, is the real "form" that art should subvert.
  • Anachronism of the Moral Sentiments: Ingegrity Post-Modernism and Justics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 [2] .Whereas modernism was often associated with identity, unity, authority, and certainty, postmodernism is often associated with difference, separation, textuality, skepticism.^ What are differences between the modern and postmodern storytellers ?
  • Skeptical and Affirmative Postmodernist (Organization) Theory: 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC cbae.nmsu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Schematic Differences between Modernism and Postmodernism .
  • Postmodernism and Its Critics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.as.ua.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Postmodernism and Its Critics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.as.ua.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In the “Kantian” explanation of postmodernism, the tension is resolved by making the skepticism primary and the political commitments secondary and accidentally associated.
  • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

Contents

History of the term

.The term was first used around the 1870s in various areas.^ The term was first used around the 1870s in various areas.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It was first used as early as the 1870s, but theorists Jean-François Lyotard and Frederic Jameson are generally credited with making the term “postmodern” popular.
  • Megan Fox and Saab both go postmodern: What is postmodern, anyway? | Jacket Copy | Los Angeles Times 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC latimesblogs.latimes.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Navigator: In the page 8 chart, the first two items in the Post-modernist column are "antirealism" and "social subjectivism," terms that are not in popular use.

 .For example, John Watkins Chapman avowed "a postmodern style of painting" to get beyond French Impressionism[3] Then, J.M.Thompson, in his 1914 article in The Hibbert Journal (a quarterly philosophical review), used it to describe changes in attitudes and beliefs in the critique of religion: "The raison d'etre of Post-Modernism is to escape from the double-mindedness of Modernism by being thorough in its criticism by extending it to religion as well as theology, to Catholic feeling as well as to Catholic tradition" ('Post-Modernism, J.M.Thompson, The Hibbert Journal Vol XII No.4 July 1914 p. 733).^ "Possibilities for Theology in the Postmodern Era," Asia Journal of Theology 10, no.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Extended articles, often critical of movement.
  • postmodernist poetry schools 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.textetc.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Postmodernism must be post to modernity.
  • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.In 1917 Rudolf Pannwitz used the term to describe a philosophically oriented culture.^ They are, to use the philosophical term, contingent.
  • Post-Modern Astrology - Astrodienst 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.astro.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In 1917 Rudolf Pannwitz used the term to describe a philosophically oriented culture.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Like many terms that become fashionable, the word postmodernism is used to describe a wide variety of things, from architecture, to film, to clothing, to cuisine, and to literary, philosophical, theological, and other theories.
  • Postmodernism by James E. Faulconer 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC jamesfaulconer.byu.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .Pannwitz's idea of post-modernism came from Nietzsche's analysis of modernity and its ends of decadence and nihilism.^ Pannwitz's idea of post- modernism came from Nietzsche's analysis of modernity and its ends of decadence and nihilism.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ I don't have a visual idea of post-modernism.
  • ATOA Post-Modernism Panel, 1980 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.atoa.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Main ideas of post modern world?
  • WikiAnswers - What are the differences between Late Modernism and Post-Modernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: General]

 .Overcoming the modern human would be the post-human.^ Overcoming the modern human would be the post-human.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Audience: Would you comment on the relation between post-structuralism and post- modernism?
  • ATOA Post-Modernism Panel, 1980 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.atoa.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ But at this time I would like to attempt to highlight the profound inconsistency that exists between the premises and conclusions of post-modernism and the fundamental principles of the gospel.
  • lifeissues.net | Post-Modernism and the Gospel 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.lifeissues.net [Source type: Original source]

 .But, contrary to Nietzsche, Pannwitz also includes nationalist and mythical elements.^ But, contrary to Nietzsche, Pannwitz also includes nationalist and mythical elements.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [4]
.It was used later in 1926 by B.I.Bell in his "Postmodernism & other Ess."^ Finally, Landry tries to preserve the postmodern awareness of the multiplicity of otherness and to emancipate modernism from the domineering universality of the subject by using Kant as the touchstone.
  • Marx and the Postmodernism Debates 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC faculty.woodbury.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ He undermined modernism and raised some of the most important seminal issues which others later developed into postmodernism.

 ^ This session presented ways in which postmodern theater is being used in organizational consulting, some at the organizational and others at the TD level.
  • TDpostmodtheatrics 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC web.nmsu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In 1925 and 1921 it had been used to describe new forms of art and music.^ In 1925 and 1921 it had been used to describe new forms of art and music .
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ New media, art forms.
  • POSTMODERNISM / FIN DE SIECLE 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC epc.buffalo.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If used in other contexts, it is a concept without a universally accepted, short and simple definition; in a variety of contexts it is used to describe social conditions, movements in the arts, and scholarship (incl.
  • Postmodernism - The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.artandpopularculture.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 In 1942 H. R. Hays used it for a new literary form but as a general theory of an historical movement it was first used in 1939 by the historian Arnold J. Toynbee: "Our own Post-Modern Age has been inaugurated by the general war of 1914-1918." [5]
.In 1949 it was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture, leading to the postmodern architecture movement.^ Recall that Ross Rhodes used twelve characteristics to describe the psychological and spiritual make-up of the Postmodern man.
  • Article: Mega Churches: Postmodern Seeker Sensitivity - The Faithful Word.org 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.thefaithfulword.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Reading Dawkins's comments about the definition of postmodernism made me wonder if he knew that the word "modern" was being used in a specific way.
  • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.richarddawkins.net [Source type: General]

 ^ These ideas would eventually coalesce into a radical negation of modern philosophy, leading many to call for novel modes of postmodern thought and writing.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [6] .Postmodernism in architecture is marked by the re-emergence of surface ornament, reference to surrounding buildings in urban architecture, historical reference in decorative forms, and non-orthogonal angles.^ If I may be allowed a historical analogy: the technically advanced societies are at a point in their history similar to that of the emergence of an urban, merchant culture in the midst of feudal society of the middle a ges.
  • Postmodern Virtualities 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.hnet.uci.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Post-modern as a concept, came into use in the 1950s in reference to architectural styles as a protest to the cubes, circles, pyramids, slabs and cones that marked modern architecture.
  • POSTMODERN UNDERSTANDIINGS OF THE GOD CONCEPT 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC uwacadweb.uwyo.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In the postmodern world of art and architecture, there is no meaning and therefore “form” which implies “meaning” is discouraged.

 .It may be a response to the modernist architectural movement known as the International Style.^ For the post-modernist, there is no choice whether or not to be influenced by past history, tradition, style and genre, but there may be a choice of which histories we choose.
  • A Process of Denial: Bork and Postmodern Conservatism by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The term postmodernism was first used in the 1950s and 1960s to refer to a movement in architecture that was a reaction against the austere linear forms of modern architectural styles.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]
.The term was applied to a whole host of movements, many in art, music, and literature, that reacted against modernism, and are typically marked by revival of traditional elements and techniques.^ The term was applied to a whole host of movements, many in art, music, and literature, that reacted against modernism, and are typically marked by revival of traditional elements and techniques.
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It consists of a series of reforming movements in art, architecture, literature, music and applied arts.
  • Difference between Modernism and Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.buzzle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Sense of clear generic boundaries and wholeness (art, music, and literature).
  • Table 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC nmc.loyola.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [7] .Walter Truett Anderson identifies postmodernism as one of four typological world views.^ B. The Postmodern world view, as an alternative to modernism, began in the late 1700's and early 1800's in literature, poetry, art, philosophy and curiously enough, in mathematics.
  • POSTMODERN UNDERSTANDIINGS OF THE GOD CONCEPT 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC uwacadweb.uwyo.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Still another aspect of the postmodern is what one social scientist has called the "unsecularization of the world."
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ My hypothesis is that the postmodern world can accept that dreams are an alternative way of viewing reality.
  • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .These four worldviews are the postmodern-ironist, which sees truth as socially constructed, the scientific-rational in which truth is found through methodical, disciplined inquiry, the social-traditional in which truth is found in the heritage of American and Western civilisation and the neo-romantic in which truth is found either through attaining harmony with nature and/or spiritual exploration of the inner self.^ In Postmodernism, ethics are simply a social construct.
  • 9 Postmodern 1 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.fpcjackson.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Rationality is a social construction of some cultures.
  • What is Postmodernism? 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.mnstate.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Postmodern thinkers attack history and tradition as the perverted products of scientific rationalization and social construction.
  • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [8]

Influence and distinction from postmodernity

.Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and the analysis of culture and society expanded the importance of critical theory and has been the point of departure for works of literature, architecture, and design, as well as being visible in marketing/business and the interpretation of history, law and culture, starting in the late 20th century.^ American poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism.
  • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ In late Romanticism, especially in Nietzsche, the primacy of the festival leads to an idea of truth-as-histrionics, which provides the link to the postmodernist abrogation of the idea of truth and finds ready expression in media culture.
  • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ A recent analysis has chapters on the impact of postmodernism on philosophy, critical and cultural theory, politics, feminism, lifestyles, science and technology, architecture, art, cinema, television, literature, and music, [13] and, from other studies, one could add its impact on history, geography, cartography, photography, literature, anthropology, sociology, organizational theory, linguistics, museums, and libraries.
  • The Imperative of Challenging Absolutes in Graduate Archival Educati 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.mybestdocs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .These developments — re-evaluation of the entire Western value system (love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy) that took place since 1950's and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 — are described with the term postmodernity,[9] as opposed to postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.^ In doing so, he artfully described postmodern culture: .
  • From Postmodern to Bimillennial Consciousness 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.jaygary.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Social movements and the birth of postmodernism .
  • The Longing: Moving beyond the shock absorber: The place of youth ministry—past, present and future 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.matthiasmedia.com.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Postmodernism places a high value on subjectivity.

 .Whereas something being "postmodernist" would make it part of the movement, its being "postmodern" would place it in the period of time since the 1950s, making it a part of contemporary history.^ I teach history part time.
  • Welcome to the WFS Utopias Forum 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.wfs.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ If postmodernity is the naming of the time in which we live, postmodernism is a movement which has arisen in response to this naming.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Not in the sense of a ‘chronology’, but about it being the proper postmodern moment in Lyotard’s sense of the term, or start of the modern movement.
  • comments (on thantic modernism) with reinaert de v. « luctor et emergo 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC aureliomadrid.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

Conventional contemporary definitions of "Postmodernism"

.Many academicians use the term "postmodernism" in reference to different, even contradictory concepts.^ Many even recognize themselves as "postmodern."
  • Postmodern Therapies News 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC users.sfo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The term 'postmodernism,' first of all, is much like the term 'existentialism' in that it is commonly used to refer to a very broad range of ideas in almost all conceivable media, many of which (ideas) bear little or no resemblance to one another.
  • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.richarddawkins.net [Source type: General]

 ^ There are usually many ways to express a given concept, so the literal terms in a user's query may not match those of a relevant document.
  • The Information Science Paradigm: Enormous Changes at the Last Minute 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC faculty.washington.edu [Source type: Academic]

 The following list includes conventional definitions of the term offered by dictionaries:
.
  • Compact Oxford English Dictionary: "a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions."^ A late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism that represents a departure from modernism and has at its heart a general distrust of grand theories and ideologies as well as a problematical relationship with any notion of "art."
    • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC richarddawkins.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     [10]
    • .
  • Merriam-Webster: Either "of, relating to, or being an era after a modern one", or "of, relating to, or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms (as in architecture) or by ironic self-reference and absurdity (as in literature)", or finally "of, relating to, or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language".[11]
  • American Heritage Dictionary: "Of or relating to art, architecture, or literature that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional or classical elements of style or by carrying modernist styles or practices to extremes: “It [a roadhouse] is so architecturally interesting ...^ The series was done in the style of camp, which was related to the Pop Art movement of the time.
    • Postmodernism and the Batman Phenomenon 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.class.uidaho.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Postmodernism, particularly in art and architecture, proclaims such a return to history as one of its goals.
    • bladerunner.rtf 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.stanford.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The term postmodernism was first used in the 1950s and 1960s to refer to a movement in architecture that was a reaction against the austere linear forms of modern architectural styles.
    • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

     with its postmodern wooden booths and sculptural clock”.[12]

The usage and extent of the concept of ‘postmodernism’

.The term "postmodern" and its derivatives are widely applied, with some uses apparently contradicting others.^ Postmodern psychology: A contradiction in terms?
  • Personal Construct Psychology, Constructivism, and Postmodern Thought 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.massey.ac.nz [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ At the same time, other theorists are using postmodern ideas to fashion very positive, hopeful-even spiritual-approaches to life (Spretnak, 1991; Tarnas, 1991).
  • Postmodern Instructional Design 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC carbon.ucdenver.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ SLIDE: For our purposes then, in its’ roughest, first sense, postmodernism is a term used to call attention to the fact that our idea of "THE" truth is in trouble.
  • Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC jcomm.uoregon.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Certain writers, such as Dick Hebdige, contend that "postmodern" is merely a buzzword without any specific content.^ Media critic Dick Hebdige argues that "we are in the presence of a buzzword," a word which while confusing appears to have captured some important social or cultural transition.
  • Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC jcomm.uoregon.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Pragmatists such as George Barna merely “go with the flow” of postmodern language and literature.

 ^ Do you still contend that your confidence in science, Eddie’s confidence in science, is guided by faith in certain writers rather than any empirical evidence that science may be true?
  • Postmodernism versus Religion - The Panda's Thumb 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC pandasthumb.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 In Hebdige's ‘Hiding in the Light’, he writes:
.When it becomes possible for a people to describe as ‘postmodern’ the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a ‘scratch’ video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ‘intertextual’ relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the ‘metaphysics of presence’, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the ‘predicament’ of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and/or crisis, the ‘de-centring’ of the subject, an ‘incredulity towards metanarratives’, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power/discourse formations, the ‘implosion of meaning’, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a ‘media’, ‘consumer’ or ‘multinational’ phase, a sense (depending on who you read) of ‘placelessness’ or the abandonment of placelessness (‘critical regionalism’) or (even) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates - when it becomes possible to describe all these things as ‘postmodern’ (or more simply using a current abbreviation as ‘post’ or ‘very post’) then it’s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword.^ They have to become postmodern people, which means becoming urbanized people.
  • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The postmodern view presents the individual as a "de-centered subject culturally inscribed/constructed, contradictory, relational .
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Who suffers from the formation of particular discourses?
  • Michael Lackey - Science, Postmodernism, and the Varieties of Black Humanism | Point of Inquiry 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.pointofinquiry.org [Source type: Original source]

 [13]
.British historian Perry Anderson's history of the term and its understanding, 'The Origins of Postmodernity', explains these apparent contradictions, and demonstrates the importance of "postmodernism" as a category and a phenomenon in the analysis of contemporary culture.^ Origins of postmodernity / Perry Anderson.

 ^ Postmodern psychology: A contradiction in terms?
  • Personal Construct Psychology, Constructivism, and Postmodern Thought 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.massey.ac.nz [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Yet it appears that these authors understand postmodernism as one of a number of features of the contemporary culture rather than an incipient metanarrative seeking to reinterpret reality itself.
  • Postmodernism And Pastoral Counselling 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC jmm.aaa.net.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [14]

Development of postmodernism

Main article: Postmodern architecture
Detail of the postmodern Abteiberg Museum in Germany.
.The movement of Postmodernism began with architecture, as a response to the perceived blandness, hostility, and Utopianism of the Modern movement.^ If postmodernity is the naming of the time in which we live, postmodernism is a movement which has arisen in response to this naming.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Not in the sense of a ‘chronology’, but about it being the proper postmodern moment in Lyotard’s sense of the term, or start of the modern movement.
  • comments (on thantic modernism) with reinaert de v. « luctor et emergo 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC aureliomadrid.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ 'Postmodernism', as the term implies, is largely a response to modernity.
  • Postmodern Instructional Design 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC carbon.ucdenver.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Modern Architecture, as established and developed by masters such as Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, and Philip Johnson, was focused on the pursuit of an ideal perfection, harmony of form and function[15] and dismissal of frivolous ornament.^ Modernism attempted to move beyond the traditional "forms" of architecture so that the design of the building was determined solely by its function, becoming a simple geometric rectangle.
  • Is Subjectivity Possible?: The Post-Modern Subject in Legal Theory by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ If instead, art tries to give consolation by way of establishing a sense of harmony and transparency in its use of form, it runs the danger of becoming mere propaganda.
  • comments (on thantic modernism) with reinaert de v. « luctor et emergo 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC aureliomadrid.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The modernists in architecture felt that once all the baroque ornamentation of traditional architectural forms was stripped away, then the only determinant of form would be function.
  • Is Subjectivity Possible?: The Post-Modern Subject in Legal Theory by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 [16][17] .Critics of modernism argued that the attributes of perfection and minimalism themselves were subjective, and pointed out anachronisms in modern thought and questioned the benefits of its philosophy.^ Perhaps the most important finding of critical modernism (formulating the possibilities of thought) is the inherent limitations of human knowledge , both subjectively (the capacity to know) as objectively (the theory-ladenness of all observation).
  • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ On the nature of ultimate reality, although modern philosophy exhibited pluralistic tendencies, it can be argued that it was fundamentally monistic .
  • Postmodernism: An Adventist Assessment and a Response 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC fae.adventist.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Hence, Kierkegaard carries out a critique of reason, reflection, objective knowledge, and modern thought that would influence the postmodern turn in philosophy.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [18] .Definitive postmodern architecture such as the work of Michael Graves rejects the notion of a 'pure' form or 'perfect' architectonic detail, instead conspicuously drawing from all methods, materials, forms and colors available to architects.^ Such features are purely postmodern.
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 ^ Sophisticated premodern intellectuals look at the architecture of the universe and, seeing such perfect rhythms conclude there must have been an architect with perfect intelligence.
  • POSTMODERN UNDERSTANDIINGS OF THE GOD CONCEPT 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC uwacadweb.uwyo.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ From reading Kaplan's detailed deconstruction of MTV videos, this form of postmodernism is also, in equally elegant words, stupid.

 .Postmodernist architecture was one of the first aesthetic movements to openly challenge Modernism as antiquated and "totalitarian", favoring personal preferences and variety over objective, ultimate truths or principles.^ In his “Introduction” to The Archaeology of Knowledge, Foucault speaks at one point in the first person.
  • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In particular, Nietzsche anticipated later postmodern theory in his critique of the subject and reason, his deconstruction of modern notions of truth, representation, and objectivity, his perspectivism, and his highly aestheticized philosophy and mode of writing.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In addition, more t han one individual may experience the same virtual reality at the same time, with both persons' "movements" affecting the same "space."
  • Postmodern Virtualities 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.hnet.uci.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It is this atmosphere of criticism, skepticism, and emphasis on difference over and against unity that distinguishes many postmodernisms.^ I want to show how there are many quite different postmodern approaches in the postmodern turn (Best & Kellner, 1997).
  • Skeptical and Affirmative Postmodernist (Organization) Theory: 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC cbae.nmsu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In OT writing, there are many debates between skeptics and affirmatives over the idea and possibility of a "postmodern organization."
  • Skeptical and Affirmative Postmodernist (Organization) Theory: 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC cbae.nmsu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Many say that one main difference between the two eras has to do with the question of unity, wholeness, and totality.
  • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

Postmodernist Literature

Main article: Postmodern literature
.Literary postmodernism was officially coronated in the United States with the first issue of boundary 2, subtitled "Journal of Postmodern Literature and Culture", which appeared in 1972. David Antin, Charles Olson, John Cage, and the Black Mountain College school of poetry and the arts were integral figures in the intellectual and artistic exposition of postmodernism at the time.^ Popular culture -- United States.
  • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Time and commodity culture : essays in cultural theory and postmodernity / John Frow.

 ^ Academic postmodern and the rule of literature : a report on half-knowledge / David Simpson.

 [19] boundary 2 remains an influential journal in postmodernist circles today.[20]
Some other significant contributions to postmodern culture from literary figures include the following:
.It is possible to identify the burgeoning anti-establishment movements of the 1960s as the constituting event of postmodernism.^ Perhaps the most identifying mark of postmodernism is its flat denial of the possibility of truth.

 ^ In the 1960s, various posthumanist and anti-metaphysical discourses emerged under the rubric of postructuralism and, later, postmodern theory.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nevertheless, it is possible to identify characteristics that all events share and to imagine how more complex events evolved out of simpler ones.

 .The theory gained some of its strongest ground early on in French academia.^ Yet the concept of “the postmodern condition,” we would argue, points to some fundamental aporia in Lyotard and other French postmodern theories.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In 1971, the Arab-American theorist Ihab Hassan was one of the first to use the term in its present form (though it had been used by many others before him, Charles Olson for example, to refer to other literary trends, as discussed above) in his book: The Dismemberment of Orpheus: Toward a Postmodern Literature; in it, Hassan traces the development of what he called "literature of silence" through Marquis de Sade, Franz Kafka, Ernest Hemingway, Beckett, and many others, including developments such as the Theatre of the Absurd and the nouveau roman.^ Scientists write of postmodern science; literary theorists talk of postmodern literature.
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  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It was used first in reference to literature in the post WW1 era.
  • Top 10 Works of Postmodern Literature - Listverse 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC listverse.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Postmodernism, just for historical information, generally is thought to have arisen first as a term used in reference to architecture, and its a term that was originally used to refer to a tendency in architects to move away from the sort of simple, unadorned, impersonal boxes of concrete that began to proliferate on the American culture when the dominant...on the American landscape...when the dominant idea in architecture was that form ought to follow function.
  • 9 Postmodern 1 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.fpcjackson.org [Source type: Original source]

 .In 1979 Jean-François Lyotard wrote a short but influential work The Postmodern Condition: A report on knowledge.^ The postmodern condition: a report on knowledge.
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The postmodern condition: A report on Knowledge .
  • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Moralités postmodernes / Jean-François Lyotard.

 .Richard Rorty wrote Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979).^ Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature , 1979.
  • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In the 1980s, postmodern theory spread throughout the world and American thinker Richard Rorty also became associated with the postmodern turn in philosophy.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Derrida radicalizes Heidegger's strike against dualistic metaphysics, while Rorty (1979) develops Heidegger's account of representation into a critique of philosophy as the mirror of nature.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, and Roland Barthes are also influential in 1970s postmodern theory.^ Everything Postmodern A comprehenvise listing of postmodern thought on the WWW. Includes links to postmodernist thinkers (Adorno, Barthes, Baudrillard, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, Lukacscs, Rorty), FAQs, zines, and newsgroups.
  • SocioSite: CULTURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sociosite.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ And the 1982 "Towards a Concept of Postmodernism" begins with a catalogue of names that "may serve to adumbrate postmodernism, a catalogue that opens with the following names: Jacques Derrida, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Hayden White, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze, R. D. Laing, Norman O. Brown, Herbert Marcuse, Jean Baudrillard, Jurgen Habermas, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Wolfgang Iser, the Yale critics."
  • POSTMODERNISM / FIN DE SIECLE 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC epc.buffalo.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Although a spate of interesting thinkers like Gilles Deleuze, Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, and Julia Kristeva grew out of this ferment, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jean-Francois Lyotard, and Richard Rorty emerged as perhaps the major philosophical figures in the postmodern turn in philosophy.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Postmodern music

Main articles: Postmodern music and Postmodern classical music
The postmodern impulse in classical music arose in the 1970s with the advent of musical minimalism. .Composers such as Terry Riley, John Adams, Steve Reich, Phillip Glass, and Lou Harrison reacted to the perceived elitism and dissonant sound of atonal academic modernism by producing music with simple textures and relatively consonant harmonies.^ The machine would be useful for producing items that are now expensive, such as small musical instruments.'
  • Preoccupations: Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.preoccupations.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ John 4:16 NRSV) This language about God has no counterpart in the modern project, and only when we escape from its limitations can such a text make any sense.

 ^ For modern philosophers, this simple point sounded the death knell of moral philosophy.
  • Anachronism of the Moral Sentiments: Ingegrity Post-Modernism and Justics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .Some composers have been openly influenced by popular music and world ethnic musical traditions.^ His fusion of a traditional Christian message with rock music was extremely popular.
  • The Longing: Moving beyond the shock absorber: The place of youth ministry—past, present and future 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.matthiasmedia.com.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Were going to be looking at Postmodernism, which in some ways is not even a worldview, but it is a pervasive influence on the thinking of the world in which you live.
  • 9 Postmodern 1 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.fpcjackson.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The increase in popularity of "World music," largely African, has also standardized the music, its appeal relating largely to its surface sound, particularly since few of the lyrics of the songs are in English.

 .Though representing a general return to certain notions of music-making that are often considered to be classical or romantic[citation needed], not all postmodern composers have eschewed the experimentalist or academic tenets of modernism.^ I was familiar with the periods of music: Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern.
  • Perl, the first postmodern computer language 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.wall.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ A late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism that represents a departure from modernism and has at its heart a general distrust of grand theories and ideologies as well as a problematical relationship with any notion of "art."
  • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC richarddawkins.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All true perhaps, and yet there is still something called postmodernism that captures popular and academic attention.
  • The Imperative of Challenging Absolutes in Graduate Archival Educati 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.mybestdocs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The works of Dutch composer Louis Andriessen, for example, exhibit experimentalist preoccupation that is decidedly anti-romantic. .Eclecticism and freedom of expression, in reaction to the rigidity and aesthetic limitations of modernism, are the hallmarks of the postmodern influence in musical composition.^ In addition to that I will discuss the word "composition" and how it relates to both art and music and how Young employed this word in his melding together of the two aesthetic forms.
  • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Theorizing the avant-garde : modernism, expressionism, and the problem of postmodernity / Richard Murphy.

 ^ Between philosophy and rhetoric : aesthetics and meaning in the postmodern composition classroom / Dennis J. Ciesielski.

Philosophical movements and contributors

Influencer Year Influence
Karl Barth c.1925 fideist approach to theology brought a rise in subjectivity
Martin Heidegger c.1927 rejected the philosophical grounding of the concepts of "subjectivity" and "objectivity"
Thomas Samuel Kuhn c.1962 posited the rapid change of the basis of scientific knowledge to a provisional consensus of scientists, coined the term "paradigm shift"
Jacques Derrida c.1967 re-examined the fundamentals of writing and its consequences on philosophy in general; sought to undermine the language of western metaphysics (deconstruction)
Black Mountain College Poets c.1972 along with foundation of journal boundary 2 and an association with Black Sparrow Press, established postmodernism as a collective aesthetic project
Michel Foucault c.1975 examined discursive power in .Discipline and Punish, with Bentham's panopticon as his model, and also known for saying "language is oppression" (Meaning that language was developed to allow only those who spoke the language not to be oppressed.^ Perhaps the authority lies not only in the author who wrote it, or in the text that says it, but in the reader who reads it.
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Postmodernists, wearing their multiculturalist garb and saying that all cultures are equal, are like those creationists who say that all they want is equal time for evolutionism and creationism.
  • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ For Derrida, difference is at the heart of everything: language has meaning only through linguistic chain of differentiations.
  • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .All other people that don't speak the language would then be oppressed.^ To destroy the tradition would be to see all the texts of that tradition as self-delusive, because [it is] using language to do what language cannot do.
  • Europe and the Post-Modern Left 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.wildmonk.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Perl doesn't have any agenda at all, other than to be maximally useful to the maximal number of people.
  • Perl, the first postmodern computer language 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.wall.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ After all, people are creative in different ways and what one person would consider "creative" another person might consider "off the wall."
  • New Page 1 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC users.sfo.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
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 )
Jean-François Lyotard c.1979 opposed universality, meta-narratives, and generality
Richard Rorty c.1979 argues philosophy mistakenly imitates scientific methods; advocates dissolving traditional philosophical problems; anti-foundationalism and anti-essentialism
Jean Baudrillard c.1981 Simulacra and Simulation - reality disappears underneath the interchangeability of signs
Fredric Jameson 1982 First expansive theoretical treatment of postmodernism as historical period in a series of lectures at the Whitney Museum, later expanded as Postmodernism: The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism

Postmodern(ist) Theory and Aesthetics

Deconstruction

Main article: Deconstruction
.One of the most popular postmodernist tendencies within aesthetics is deconstruction.^ Most popular films now have at least one (usually more than one) scene of unbelievable explosive destruction.
  • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ One clear characteristic of postmodernists is that they have a tendency to be spiritual seekers.

 ^ One of the more popular versions of hypertext is HyperCard, which is the popular Macintosh utility allowing students (and others) to create and use hypertext documents within a Macintosh environment.
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .As it is currently used, "deconstruction" is a Derridean approach to textual analysis (typically literary critique, but variously applied).^ Holman skillfully carries out the discussion by using textual analysis of God's interaction with man, and also by contrasting the role of God with that of the devil, as seen in the two aforementioned books.
  • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Deconstructions work entirely within the studied text to expose and undermine the frame of reference, assumptions, and ideological underpinnings of the text.^ Finally, critical legal studies work has looked beyond objectivity to objectification--the objectification of women, (42) the objectification of texts, (43) the objectification of institutions.
  • Is Subjectivity Possible?: The Post-Modern Subject in Legal Theory by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Through deconstruction he tries to read texts critically, displaying the self-undermining elements (written down in the magin of the original text under scrutiny).
  • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The bibliography also includes works that locate or situate the place of cultural studies in modern literary and social criticism, and texts that help to renegotiate the importance of cultural studies in contemporary theory.
  • Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.libraries.iub.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Although deconstructions can be developed using different methods and techniques, the process typically involves demonstrating the multiple possible readings of a text and their resulting internal conflicts, and undermining binary oppositions (e.g.^ Deconstruction is meant to provide a close reading of a text, but a close reading with a difference.
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A traditional reading of the text and a postmodern deconstruction of the text will result in vastly different interpretations.
  • Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism, by Daniel J. Adams 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.crosscurrents.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Look for binary oppositions in those texts.
  • Postmodern Instructional Design 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC carbon.ucdenver.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 masculine/feminine, old/new). .Deconstruction is fundamental to many different fields of postmodernist thought, including postcolonialism, as demonstrated through the writings of Gayatri Spivak.^ For many postmodernists it is a point of honor to write in an obscure language that is difficult to understand .
  • Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC home.flash.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If we apply the postmodern notion of the deconstruction of words to the many words written by the postmodernists themselves, they obviously become victims of their own philosophy.
  • Evangelism in a Postmodern Age by Don Matzat 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.mtio.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In 1968, together with other commentators, he had thought that case "a salutary demonstration of the Court's ability to protect fundamental human values."
  • A Process of Denial: Bork and Postmodern Conservatism by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

(Post)structuralism

Further information: Manifestations of Postmodernism
Structuralism was a broad philosophical movement that developed particularly in France in the 1950s, in response to the distinctly modernist existentialism. .Many structuralists later moved away from the most strict interpretations and applications of the "structure", and are thus called "poststructuralists" in the United States (the term is uncommon in Europe).^ While promoting the term "dialectical materialism", the official ideologists of the Soviet state actually promoted a rigid and often mechanical interpretation of materialism .
  • Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC home.flash.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In terms of sheer number, most acts of production, distribution and use occur in the family unit, a decidedly nonprofit social form.
  • POSTMODERN UNDERSTANDIINGS OF THE GOD CONCEPT 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC uwacadweb.uwyo.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The symptoms of the malaise go hand-in-hand with the expansion of the European Union, a transnational hyper-state that replicates, within Europe, the elite mindset prevalent in the United States.
  • Kosovo as a Symbol of Anti-Postmodernism : Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.chroniclesmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 .The most influential (post)structuralist thinkers include anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, philosophers Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Gilles Deleuze, and Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser.^ One is the deconstructionism of thinkers like Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault.

 ^ And the 1982 "Towards a Concept of Postmodernism" begins with a catalogue of names that "may serve to adumbrate postmodernism, a catalogue that opens with the following names: Jacques Derrida, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Hayden White, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze, R. D. Laing, Norman O. Brown, Herbert Marcuse, Jean Baudrillard, Jurgen Habermas, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Wolfgang Iser, the Yale critics."
  • POSTMODERNISM / FIN DE SIECLE 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC epc.buffalo.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Indeed, among postmodernisms illustrious philosophical progenitors and contemporary practitioners, we could conceivably include such names as Johann Fichte, Wilhelm Dilthey, Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Richard Rorty.
  • Postmodernism: An Adventist Assessment and a Response 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC fae.adventist.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.(Post)structuralisms emphasize the ways in which the society interacts with the individual and collective, particularly the social construction or structural determination of identities, values, and economies.^ Constructs of sociality and individuality (pp.
  • Personal Construct Psychology, Constructivism, and Postmodern Thought 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.massey.ac.nz [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nevertheless, I think there are a number of ways in which we might establish a more constructive interaction between these two processes.
  • Critical-realism and postmodernism | collaborative theology for the emerging church 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.opensourcetheology.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Stimulating and affirming creativityin students is important in constructing knowledge and values, particularly, ifdiverse viewpoints are to be encouraged .
  • Pre-Trib Research Center - 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.pre-trib.org [Source type: Original source]

 .This is only a brief sketch, however, and most so-called post-structuralists vehemently disagree on such fundamental categories as "the real", "society", "totality", and "history". The main point of unity is the post-structuralist engagement (positive or negative) with the philosophical traditions associated with the figures of Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud.^ Post-modernism has its roots in the philosophies of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre.
  • lifeissues.net | Post-Modernism and the Gospel 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.lifeissues.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Such a model is partly semiotic, partly structuralist, partly post-structuralist, and partly post-modernist.
  • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The tradition of presenting reality in representation (the philosophical tradition) is always maked by mediation, distance, plurality and uncertainty of meaning ("diffrance").
  • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of postmodernism
.Formal, academic critiques of postmodernism can be found in works such as Beyond the Hoax and Fashionable Nonsense.^ The contemporary postmodern reincarnation and extension of McLuhan is found in the work of Baudrillard.
  • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ So, I logged online and found the work of Brian McLaren, a postmodern Christian author and read a little.
  • Postmodern Therapies News 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC users.sfo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Fashionable Nonsense writes that among the "principal negative effects" of postmodernism is "a weakening of the political left" .
  • Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC home.flash.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The term postmodernism, when used pejoratively, describes tendencies perceived as relativist, counter-enlightenment or antimodern, particularly in relation to critiques of rationalism, universalism or science.^ Intellectually, postmodernism encompasses a variety of viewpoints; yet in spite of the several positions, there seems to be agreement on the fact that foundationally, the postmodernism outlook is anti-modern, [4] particularly in its rejection of Enlightenment rationality.
  • Postmodernism: An Adventist Assessment and a Response 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC fae.adventist.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Counter-Enlighten-ment was from the beginning suspicious of the Enlightenment’s naturalism, its reason, its optimistic view of human potential, its individualism in ethics and politics, and its science and technology.
  • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Term “kosovozation” should be used to describe destruction of a sovereign country by force , humanitarian bombing, as well as islamisation of historically Christian lands.
  • Kosovo as a Symbol of Anti-Postmodernism : Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.chroniclesmagazine.org [Source type: Original source]

 .It is also sometimes used to describe tendencies in a society that are held to be antithetical to traditional systems of morality.^ It is also sometimes used to describe tendencies in a society that are held to be antithetical to traditional systems of morality .
  • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Thus we should protect the social fabric of our society, from its great institutions of government, to its smallest traditions of personal moral and etiquette, from the rationalist assault.
  • A Process of Denial: Bork and Postmodern Conservatism by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Postmodernism sees that any society is held together through the use of "master narratives" -- what Derrida calls the totality of of a system.
  • postmodernism@Everything2.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC everything2.com [Source type: Original source]

After postmodernism

Main article: Post-postmodernism
.Recently the notion of the "death of postmodernism" has been increasingly widely debated: in 2007 Andrew Hoborek noted in his introduction to a special issue of the journal Twentieth Century Literature titled "After Postmodernism" that "declarations of postmodernism's demise have become a critical commonplace". A small group of critics has put forth a range of theories that aim to describe culture and/or society in the alleged aftermath of postmodernism, most notably Raoul Eshelman (performatism), Gilles Lipovetsky (hypermodernity), Nicolas Bourriaud (Altermodern), and Alan Kirby (digimodernism, formerly called pseudo-modernism).^ In doing so, he artfully described postmodern culture: .
  • From Postmodern to Bimillennial Consciousness 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.jaygary.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ What was technologically "modern" in the nineteenth century was called "Victorian" in the twentieth century.

 ^ Post-apocalyptic culture : modernism, postmodernism, and the twentieth-century novel / Teresa Heffernan.

 .None of these new theories and labels has so far gained widespread acceptance.^ It is upon these continuities that they will seek to situate their new Critical Theory.
  • STEVEN BEST & DOUGLAS KELLNER. POSTMODERN THEORY: CRITICALINTERROGATIONS 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC webpages.ursinus.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ For these issues have a relevance, as Norris argues, far beyond the academic enclaves of philosophy, literary theory, and cultural criticism.
  • the untimely past bibliographies / postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.untimelypast.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ These critical theories of science go under the label of "postmodernism" or "social constructivism".
  • Postmodernism, Hindu nationalism and `Vedic science' 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.flonnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Quotations

In 1994, the then-President of the Czech Republic and renowned playwright Václav Havel gave a hopeful description of the postmodern world as one based on science, and yet paradoxically “where everything is possible and almost nothing is certain.”[21]
.Josh McDowell & Bob Hostetler offer the following definition of postmodernism: “A worldview characterized by the belief that truth doesn’t exist in any objective sense but is created rather than discovered.” Truth is “created by the specific culture and exists only in that culture.^ In an interview, Dennis McCallum responded, "A simple definition of postmodernism is the belief that truth is not discovered, but created.

 ^ Postmodernism is per definition multi-cultural, pluralistic & eclectical.
  • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ So I looked elsewhere and found the following page which lists no fewer than fourteen definitions of postmodernism (none of them being the OED's).
  • 'Postmodernism Disrobed' by Richard Dawkins, Nature - RichardDawkins.net 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC richarddawkins.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Therefore, any system or statement that tries to communicate truth is a power play, an effort to dominate other cultures.”[22]
The Italian medievalist and semiotician Umberto Eco characterised "the postmodern attitude as that of a man who loves a very cultivated woman and knows he cannot say to her, I love you madly, because he knows that she knows (and that she knows that he knows) that these words have already been written by Barbara Cartland."[23]

See also

Theory

Culture and politics

Law

Philosophy

Politics

Psychology

References

  1. ^ Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991.
  2. ^ For a relevant treatment of modernism, see Adorno and Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment.
  3. ^ The Postmodern Turn, Essays in Postmodern Theory and Culture, Ohio University Press, 1987. p12ff
  4. ^ Pannwitz: Die Krisis der europäischen Kultur, Nürnberg 1917
  5. ^ OED long edition
  6. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2004
  7. ^ Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 2004
  8. ^ Walter Truett Anderson (1996). The Fontana Postmodernism Reader. 
  9. ^ Influences on postmodern thought, Paul Lützeler (St. Louis)
  10. ^ http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/postmodernism?view=uk
  11. ^ Merriam-Webster's definition of postmodernism
  12. ^ Ruth Reichl, Cook's November 1989; American Heritage Dictionary's definition of the postmodern
  13. ^ ’Postmodernism and “the other side”’, in Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A reader, edited by John Storey, London, : Pearson Education .2006
  14. ^ Perry Anderson, 'The Origins of Postmodernity', London: Verso, 1998.
  15. ^ Sullivan, Louis. "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered,” published Lippincott's Magazine (March 1896).
  16. ^ Loos, Adolf. "Ornament and Crime,” published 1908.
  17. ^ Manfredo Tafuri, 'Architecture and utopia: design and capitalist development', Cambridge: MIT Press, 1976.
  18. ^ Venturi, et al.
  19. ^ Anderson, The origins of postmodernity, London: Verso, 1998, Ch.2: "Crystallization".
  20. ^ boundary 2, Duke University Press, http://boundary2.dukejournals.org/
  21. ^ Vaclav Havel, "The Need for Transcendence in the Postmodern World," speech in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, July 4, 1994.
  22. ^ Josh McDowell & Bob Hostetler, The New Tolerance (Carol Stream IL: Tyndale House, 1998), p. 208.
  23. ^ Umberto Eco, "Postscript to The Name of the Rose, (New York NY: Harcourt, 1984), pgs. 530-1.

Further reading

.
  • Powell, Jim (1998).^ Powell, Jim Postmodernism for Beginners New York: Writers and Readers, 1998.
    • the untimely past bibliographies / postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.untimelypast.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     "Postmodernism For Beginners" (ISBN 978-1-934389-09-6)
  • Alexie, Sherman (2000). ."The Toughest Indian in the World" (ISBN 0-8021-3800-4)
  • Anderson, Walter Truett.^ "The true self is dead," proclaims Walter Truett Anderson, author of "Reality Isn't What It Used to Be," a primer on postmodernism.
    • Postmodern psychology - Mitchell Stephens 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.nyu.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Walter Truett Anderson created an illustration about three umpires that aptly describes the difference between modernism, postmodernism and critical realism.

     ^ Interview with Walter Truett Anderson, by Alan AtKisson .
    • Walter Truett Anderson - Postmodern Politics 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.context.org [Source type: Original source]

     .The Truth about the Truth (New Consciousness Reader).^ The Truth about the Truth (New Consciousness Reader) .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ It will be obvious to the reader by this point, that postmodernism is in fact a form of radical skepticism about the knowability of truth.
    • Post-Evangelicalism Confronts the Postmodern Age: A Review of The Challenge ofPostmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.faithalone.org [Source type: Original source]

     .New York: Tarcher.^ New York: Tarcher.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     (1995) (ISBN 0-87477-801-8)
  • Anderson, Perry. The origins of postmodernity. .London: Verso, 1998.
  • Ashley, Richard and Walker, R. B. J. (1990) “Speaking the Language of Exile.” International Studies Quarterly v 34, no 3 259-68.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt (2000) Liquid Modernity.^ Kellner, Douglas (1991) "Nietzsche and Modernity: Reflections on Twilight of the Idols ," International Studies in Philosophy , XXIII/2: 3-17.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Language is an “internal,” self-referential system, and there is no way to get “external” to it—although even to speak of “internal” and “external” is also meaningless on postmodern grounds.
    • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Always already cultural studies: Two conferences and a manifesto,’ Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association , 24 ( 1), 24-38.
    • Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.libraries.iub.edu [Source type: Academic]

     .Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Beck, Ulrich (1986) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity.
  • Benhabib, Seyla (1995) 'Feminism and Postmodernism' in (ed.^ Modernity versus postmodernity.” Culture and Society .
    • Unacknowledged Roots and Blatant Imitation:
      Postmodernism and the Dada Movement       15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sociology.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ As modern Christianity moves into this new worldview or culture of postmodernism, it will encounter barriers of understanding.

     ^ The roots of many constructivist beliefs about cognition are traceable to postmodern philosophies which depart from the rationalist, objectivist, and technocratic tendencies of "modern" society.
    • Postmodern Instructional Design 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC carbon.ucdenver.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     Nicholson) Feminism Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange. .New York: Routledge.
  • Berman, Marshall (1982) All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity (ISBN 0-14-010962-5).
  • Bertens, Hans (1995) The Idea of the Postmodern: A History.^ Interestingly, Kelly's position was misinterpreted by Gergen (1982) as quintessentially positivist--so positivist that Kelly had turned positivist scientific knowledge into a desideratum for all knowledge.
    • Personal Construct Psychology, Constructivism, and Postmodern Thought 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.massey.ac.nz [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Having made this obligatory gesture to some kind of Uncertainty Principle, Marshall now proceeds briskly to tell us what postmodernism is all about: .
    • POSTMODERNISM / FIN DE SIECLE 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC epc.buffalo.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The reading experience that results is one of complex tension, as postmodernism is exploited through almost modernist techniques, as post-modern features are integrated in an almost new critical paradigm (Vinson) .
    • Nikhil Moro's Postmodern Virtuality 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC ksuweb.kennesaw.edu [Source type: General]

     London: Routledge.(ISBN .0-145-06012-5).
  • Bielskis, Andrius (2005) Towards a Postmodern Understanding of the Political: From Genealogy to Hermeneutics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
  • Brass, Tom, Peasants, Populism and Postmodernism (London: Cass, 2000).
  • Butler, Judith (1995) 'Contingent Foundations' in (ed.^ In order to speak to the "it’s true for me because I believe it" mentality, Christian communicators must understand and critique the foundations of postmodern relativism.
    • The Postmodern Challenge 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.equip.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Mar 30, 2005 in Archaeology , Culture & Society , Current Affairs , History , History of Ideas , Politics & Society , Postmodernism , Psychology , Religion , Science .
    • Preoccupations: Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.preoccupations.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, Routledge, London, 1990, p5 .
    • Postmodernism and the 'Death of the Subject' by James Heartfield 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]

     .Nicholson) Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange.^ Nicholson) Feminism Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Nicholson) Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .New Yotk: Routledge.
  • Callinicos, Alex, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique (Cambridge: Polity, 1999).
  • Castells, Manuel (1996) The Network Society.
  • Coupland, Douglas (1991).^ On Nietzsche's critique of modernity see Kellner 1991; on the neglect of Nietzsche in classical social theory, see Antonio 1994; and on Nietzsche and the postmodern, see Best and Kellner 1997.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Return 3 I concede with every good will, that one does not need postmodern critique or formal analyses of the postmodern in order to contribute to the sanctification of nature and society in any economic formation.
    • POSTMODERN UNDERSTANDIINGS OF THE GOD CONCEPT 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC uwacadweb.uwyo.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Best, Steven and Douglas Kellner (1991) Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations , co-authored with Steven Best.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ."Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture" (ISBN 0-312-05436-X)
  • Downing, Crystal L. How Postmodernism Serves (My) Faith, (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2006) ISBN 0-8308-2758-7
  • Drabble, M. The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 6 ed., article "Postmodernism".
  • Farrell, John.^ Postmodern Culture , Volume 6, Number 2, January 1996 (Article) DOI: 10.1353/pmc.1996.0013 HTML Version .
    • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The Ideology of Postmodern Music and Left Politics Beverley, John, 1943- Postmodern Culture , Volume 1, Number 1, September 1990 (Article) DOI: 10.1353/pmc.1990.0002 HTML Version .
    • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) Skip to main content .
    • Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.libraries.iub.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ."Paranoia and Postmodernism," the epilogue to Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell UP, 2006), 309-327.
  • Featherstone, M. (1991) Consumer culture and postmodernism, London; Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications.
  • Goulimari, Pelagia (ed.^ Consumer Affairs - European Commission Consumer Culture and Modernity - by: Don Slater (Polity Press 1996).
    • SocioSite: CULTURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sociosite.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ (Fig.3) He explains the turn from "modernism" to "postmodernism" reference with the change of economic system and cultural codes.
    • Urban Design in the Postmodern Context 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.angelfire.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (review) Susan E. Hawkins MFS Modern Fiction Studies , Volume 38, Number 4, Winter 1992 , pp.
    • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ) (2007) Postmodernism. What Moment? .Manchester: Manchester University Press (ISBN 978-0-7190-7308-3)
  • Giddens, Anthony (1991) Modernity and Self Identity, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Grebowicz, Margaret (ed.^ Manchester University Press, 1984.
    • Postmodernism and Critical Theory on the Web 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.ottosell.de [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
    • Deconstructing International Relations Theory 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.ocf.berkeley.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
    • Deconstructing International Relations Theory 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.ocf.berkeley.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ), Gender After Lyotard. .NY: Suny Press, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7914-6956-9)
  • Greer, Robert C. Mapping Postmodernism.^ NY: Suny Press, 2007.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ (ISBN 978-0-7914-6956-9) Greer, Robert C. Mapping Postmodernism .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Manchester: Manchester University Press (ISBN 978-0-7190-7308-3) Giddens, Anthony (1991) Modernity and Self Identity, Cambridge: Polity Press.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .IL: Intervarsity Press, 2003. (ISBN 0-8308-2733-1)
  • Groothuis, Douglas.^ IL: Intervarsity Press, 2003.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Amy Orr-Ewing (InterVarsity Press, 2006; ISBN#: 0-8308-3351-X).
    • PLURALISM & POSTMODERNISM (Updated 11/18/06) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.rctr.org [Source type: Academic]

     ^ An example is J. Richard Middleton and Brian Walsh, Reality Isn’t What It Used to Be (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 88-171.
    • The Postmodern Challenge 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.equip.org [Source type: Original source]

     Truth Decay. .Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2000.
  • Harvey, David (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (ISBN 0-631-16294-1)
  • Hicks, Stephen R. C. (2004) Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault (ISBN 1-59247-646-5)
  • Honderich, T., The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, article "Postmodernism".
  • Jameson, Fredric (1991) Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (ISBN 0-8223-1090-2)
  • Kirby, Alan (2009) Digimodernism.^ In fact postmodernism is the cultural arm of today's capitalism.
    • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
    • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ New cultural conditions have emerged which many characterize as postmodern.
    • Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC jcomm.uoregon.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard, Baudrillard, and others developed original and challenging modes of thought and writing, driving philosophy into novel arenas and topics.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .New York: Continuum.
  • Lash, S. (1990) The sociology of postmodernism, London, Routledge.
  • Lyotard, Jean-François (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (ISBN 0-8166-1173-4)
  • --- (1988).^ Griffin, D.G. : Parapsychology, Philosophy and Spirituality : A Postmodern Exploration , State University of New York Press - New York, 1997, p.xiii-xiv.
    • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ London , New York : Routledge .
    • Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.libraries.iub.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ London and New York : Methuen .
    • Cultural Studies Bibliography (English & American Literature) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.libraries.iub.edu [Source type: Academic]

     .The Postmodern Explained: Correspondence 1982-1985.^ The Postmodern Explained: Correspondence 1982-1985 .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     Ed. .Julian Pefanis and Morgan Thomas.^ Julian Pefanis and Morgan Thomas.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .(ISBN 0-8166-2211-6)
  • --- (1993), "Scriptures: Diffracted Traces."^ (ISBN 0-8166-2211-6) --- (1993), "Scriptures: Diffracted Traces."
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .In: Theory, Culture and Society, Vol.^ In: Theory, Culture and Society , Vol.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ (SOURCE: Hassan "The Culture of Postmodernism" Theory, Culture, and Society, V 2 1985, 123-4.
    • Postmodernism and Its Critics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.as.ua.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ For example, in the absence of an alternative theory of contemporary society, Lyotard uncritically accepts theories of “postindustrial society” and “post­modern culture” as accounts of the present age (1984: pp.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     21(1), 2004.
  • --- (1995), "Anamnesis: Of the Visible." .In: Theory, Culture and Society, Vol.^ In: Theory, Culture and Society , Vol.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ (SOURCE: Hassan "The Culture of Postmodernism" Theory, Culture, and Society, V 2 1985, 123-4.
    • Postmodernism and Its Critics 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.as.ua.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ For example, in the absence of an alternative theory of contemporary society, Lyotard uncritically accepts theories of “postindustrial society” and “post­modern culture” as accounts of the present age (1984: pp.
    • The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations andNormative Deficits by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.gseis.ucla.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .21(1), 2004.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (University of Notre Dame Press, 1984, 2nd edn.^ In his carefully documented and nuanced study of Modernism, Critics on Trial (Catholic University of America Press, 1994), Msgr.

     ^ The study is described in somewhat more detail by a press release emitted by the University of Michigan.
    • Postmodernism versus Religion - The Panda's Thumb 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC pandasthumb.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ A. MacIntyre, After Virtue 6 (1984) quoted by Bork at 256.
    • A Process of Denial: Bork and Postmodern Conservatism by James Boyle 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.law.duke.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ).
  • Magliola, Robert, Derrida on the Mend (Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1984; 1986; pbk. .2000, ISBN I-55753-205-2).
  • ---, On Deconstructing Life-Worlds: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture (Atlanta: Scholars Press of American Academy of Religion, 1997; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-7885-0295-6, cloth, ISBN 0-7885-0296-4, pbk).
  • Manuel, Peter.^ Our modern assumptions about property, environment, wildlife, are all anthropocentric, as philosopher Peter Wenz at University of Illinois at Springfield, reminds us in his book, Environmental Ethics Today (Oxford University Press, 2001).
    • Richard E. Palmer 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.mac.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ The mostly Christian intelligent design movements decry naturalism of modern science as a religion of secular humanists that have, apparently, ruled the Western world since the Enlightenment.

     ^ Griffin, D.G. : Parapsychology, Philosophy and Spirituality : A Postmodern Exploration , State University of New York Press - New York, 1997, p.xiii-xiv.
    • PHILOSOPHY : Towards a multi- & meta-cultural Postmodern Philosophy 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.sofiatopia.org [Source type: Original source]

     ."Music as Symbol, Music as Simulacrum: Pre-Modern, Modern, and Postmodern Aesthetics in Subcultural Musics," Popular Music 1/2, 1995, pp. 227–239.
  • Murphy, Nancey, Anglo-American Postmodernity: Philosophical Perspectives on Science, Religion, and Ethics (Westview Press, 1997).
  • Natoli, Joseph (1997) A Primer to Postmodernity (ISBN 1-57718-061-5)
  • Norris, Christopher (1990) What's Wrong with Postmodernism: Critical Theory and the Ends of Philosophy (ISBN 0-8018-4137-2)
  • Pangle, Thomas L., The Ennobling of Democracy: The Challenge of the Postmodern Age, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-8018-4635-8
  • Park, Jin Y., ed., Buddhisms and Deconstructions (Lanham: Rowland & Littlefield, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7425-3418-6; ISBN 0-7425-3418-9.
  • Sokal, Alan and Jean Bricmont (1998) Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science (ISBN 0-312-20407-8)
  • Taylor, Alan (2005) We, the media.^ Modernism/modernity , Volume 13, Number 1, January 2006 , pp.
    • Project MUSE - Subject Browse 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC muse.jhu.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Sokal and Bricmont, however, like most of those who work in the natural sciences, deny the role of "contradiction" in science .
    • Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC home.flash.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ However, epistemological thinking consistent with deconstructive "Postmodern" ideas, can be traced back to Confucian China in the writings of philosopher Mo Tzu and Taoist thinker Lao Tzu.
    • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Pedagogic Intrusions into US Film and Television News Broadcasting Rhetorics', Peter Lang, pp. 418 (ISBN 3-631-51852-8)
  • Vattimo, Gianni (1989).^ Pedagogic Intrusions into US Film and Television News Broadcasting Rhetorics', Peter Lang, pp.
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ As The Medium, television epitomizes this era; an inquiry into the growing question of truth in TV news is central to an understanding of what the 'postmodern' actually is.
    • Postmodernism Abstracts > USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC college.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The style of artwork from The Animated Series then found its way into two new animated television shows, Batman and Robin and The New Batman/Superman Adventures .
    • Postmodernism and the Batman Phenomenon 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.class.uidaho.edu [Source type: Original source]

     The Transparent Society (ISBN 0-8018-4528-9)
  • Veith Jr., Gene Edward (1994) Postmodern Times: A Christian Guide to Contemporary Thought and Culture (ISBN 0-89107-768-5)
  • Windshuttle, Keith (1996) The Killing of History: How Literary Critics and Social Theorists are Murdering our Past. New York: The Free Press.
  • Woods, Tim, Beginning Postmodernism, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999,(Reprinted 2002)(ISBN 0-7190-5210-6 Hardback,ISBN 0-7190-5211-4 Paperback) .

External links


Quotes

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikiquote

.Postmodernism is a set of art movements that there is a definable and differentiable period after the modern; Postmodernity attempts to describe social and cultural changes of the second half of the 20th century.^ The change in our culture from modernity to postmodernity reflects a change in the mode of production.
  • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
  • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In doing so, he artfully described postmodern culture: .
  • From Postmodern to Bimillennial Consciousness 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.jaygary.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It is the second revolution in culture in the 20th Century according to Charles Newman.

 .There is no uncontested short definition, a detailed description of the field is available in the article.^ There followed page after page of Abel being mounted by a series of various and sundry women, all delightfully described in short detail.

 ^ Because urban design is chiefly considered as interdisciplinary field there are some conflicting points in the definition and the role of urban design between the mother disciplines.
  • Urban Design in the Postmodern Context 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.angelfire.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ There is no special value in operational descriptions of intended learning outcomes; in fact, these may constrain the learners' goals and achievement.
  • Postmodern Instructional Design 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC carbon.ucdenver.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Sourced

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  • Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives.^ "Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodernism as incredulity towards metanarratives."
    • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Simplifying to the extreme, Jean-Franois Lyotard writes, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives .
    • The Imperative of Challenging Absolutes in Graduate Archival Educati 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.mybestdocs.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodernism as incredulity towards metanarratives (Lyotard, 1988, p.
    • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .
  • There are signs, these days, that the cultural hegemony of postmodernism is weakening in the West.^ In 1979 Jean-François Lyotard wrote a short but influential work The Postmodern Condition: A report on knowledge .
    • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The postmodern condition: a report on knowledge.
    • 10.2 POSTMODERNISM (Denis Hlynka) 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.aect.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The postmodern condition: A report on Knowledge .
    • Homepage of Dr. Denis Hlynka 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.umanitoba.ca [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .When even the developers tell an architect like Moshe Safdie that they are tired of it, then can philosophical thinking be far behind?^ Philosophical postmodernism is a development of which one might say that, like many other things, it has done more good than harm and it has done an awful lot of harm!
    • Beck / POSTMODERNISM, PEDAGOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.ed.uiuc.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ When we buy the latest DVD technology, we are not likely to think about the specific films we will watch and precisely how they will look different.
    • Ira Chernus, RLST 2400, Religion and Contemporary Society - Jameson Postmodernism 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]
    • IraChernus-JamesonAndPostmodernism 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC spot.colorado.edu [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Some physicists have worked on alternate formulations of quantum mechanics in an attempt to avoid philosophical implications that they do not like .
    • Enlightenment materialism or dialectical materialism - www.communistvoice.org 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC home.flash.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .
    • David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), p.^ "What postmodernism taught us," writes David Harvey, "was that difference and heterogeneity matter, and that the language in which we represent the world, the manner of discourse, ought to be the subject of careful reflection.
      • POSTMODERNISM / FIN DE SIECLE 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC epc.buffalo.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       ^ In "The Condition of Postmodernity" David Harvey defines the postmodern city with the rise of .
      • Urban Design in the Postmodern Context 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.angelfire.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       ^ Harvey, David (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (ISBN 0-631-16294-1) Hicks, Stephen R. C. (2004) Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault (ISBN 1-59247-646-5) Honderich, T. , The Oxford Companion to Philosophy , article "Postmodernism".
      • Postmodernism encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       ix
      • .
  • Simplifying a great deal, one could argue that postmodernist discourses appeal primarily to the winners in the processes of globalization and fundamentalist discourses to the losers.^ Nietzsche, paradoxically, is one of the great postmodernist heroes.
    • http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=116 25 January 2010 13:28 UTC www.discoverthenetworks.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Surely the denial of such a basis has been a salient feature of a great deal of discourse over the last few decades or so.
    • Philosophy Talk: The Blog: Does Postmodernism Mean Moral Relativism? 15 January 2010 5:49 UTC theblog.philosophytalk.org [Source type: Original source]

     ^ One of the major advantages we have as Christians in dealing with postmodernists is that we have a God who is real and who is active in our lives.

External links

Wikipedia
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Look up postmodernism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Simple English

Postmodernism is a word that describes a kind of response to culture and thought. The term has been used in many different ways at different times, but there are some things in common.

Postmodernism rejects the idea of objective truth and universal social progress. Starting with the 18th century Enlightenment, and for more than a century, there was widespread belief that science, and knowledge, would improve the world. Social progress would be inevitable. Modernism in particular held these beliefs.

Postmodernism challenges all this certainty. Postmodernist thought is an intentional departure from modernist approaches that had previously been dominant. Postmodernism has influenced many cultural fields, including literary criticism, philosophy, sociology, linguistics, architecture, visual arts, and music.

Although the term was first used around 1870, its modern appearance was to express criticism of modern architecture. In 1949 the term was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture, leading to the postmodern architecture movement.[1] Postmodern architecture returns to surface ornament, historical reference in decorative forms, and non-orthogonal angles (less box-like shapes).

Postmodernist ideas can be seen in philosophy, the analysis of culture and society, literature, architecture, and design. Changes in history, law and culture came in the late 20th century. These developments were a re-evaluation of the entire Western value system: (love, marriage, popular culture, and a shift from industrial to service economy). All that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, and are described with the term Postmodernity,[2] as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement. Whereas something being "Postmodernist" would make it part of the movement, its being "Postmodern" would place it in the period of time since the 1950s, making it a part of contemporary history.

Contents

Contested definitions

The term "Postmodernism" is often used to refer to different, sometimes contradictory concepts. Conventional definitions follow:

  • Compact Oxford English Dictionary: "a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions".[3]
  • Merriam-Webster: Either "of, relating to, or being an era after a modern one", or "of, relating to, or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms (as in architecture) or by ironic self-reference and absurdity (as in literature)", or finally "of, relating to, or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language".[4]
  • American Heritage Dictionary: "Of or relating to art, architecture, or literature that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional or classical elements of style or by carrying modernist styles or practices to extremes: 'It [a roadhouse] is so architecturally interesting ... with its postmodern wooden booths and sculptural clock.'"[5]

While the term "Postmodern" and its derivatives are freely used, with some uses apparently contradicting others, those outside the academic milieu have described it as merely a buzzword that means nothing. Dick Hebdige, in his text ‘Hiding in the Light’, writes:

"When it becomes possible for a people to describe as ‘postmodern’ the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a ‘scratch’ video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ‘intertextual’ relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the ‘metaphysics of presence’, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the ‘predicament’ of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and/or crisis, the ‘de-centring’ of the subject, an ‘incredulity towards metanarratives’, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power/discourse formations, the ‘implosion of meaning’, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a ‘media’, ‘consumer’ or ‘multinational’ phase, a sense (depending on who you read) of ‘placelessness’ or the abandonment of placelessness (‘critical regionalism’) or (even) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates - when it becomes possible to describe all these things as ‘Postmodern’ (or more simply using a current abbreviation as ‘post’ or ‘very post’) then it’s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword".[6]

British historian Perry Anderson's history of the term and its understanding, 'The Origins of Postmodernity', explains these apparent contradictions, and demonstrates the importance of "Postmodernism" as a category and a phenomenon in the analysis of contemporary culture.[7]

Other Websites

Other sources

  • Bullock, Alan & Trombly, Stephen. 1988. The new Fontana dictionary of modern thought. HarperCollins, London. Post-modernism entry, p673, is by Sir Malcolm Bradbury.
  • Lyotard J-F. 1979. The postmodern condition.
  • Jameson F. 1991. Post-modernism: the cultural logic of late capitalism.
  • Marsden D.L. 1995. Post-modernism: a bibliography 1926-1994.

References

  1. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2004
  2. ↑ Influences on postmodern thought, Paul Lützeler (St. Louis)
  3. ↑ http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/postmodernism?view=uk
  4. ↑ Merriam-Webster's definition of postmodernism
  5. ↑ Ruth Reichl, Cook's November 1989; American Heritage Dictionary's definition of "postmodern" [1]
  6. ↑ ’Postmodernism and “the other side”’, in Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A reader, edited by John Storey, London, : Pearson Education .2006
  7. ↑ Perry Anderson, 'The Origins of Postmodernity', London: Verso, 1998.

Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/Postmodernism"

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 29, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Postmodernism, which are similar to those in the above article.








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