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Updated live from Wikipedia, last check: June 04, 2012 07:18 UTC (35 seconds ago)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protoscience refers to historical philosophical disciplines which existed prior to the development of scientific method, which allowed them to develop into science proper (see prescientific). A standard example is that of alchemy which later became chemistry, or that of astrology, part of which later became astronomy.

By extension, "protoscience" may be used in reference to any "set of beliefs or theories that have not yet been tested adequately by the scientific method but which are otherwise consistent with existing science, [thus being] a new science working to establish itself as legitimate science".[1]

Contents

List of examples

See also

Footnotes

Further reading

  • H Holcomb, Moving Beyond Just-So Stories: Evolutionary Psychology as Protoscience. Skeptic Magazine, 1996.
  • D Hartmann, Protoscience and Reconstruction. Journal of General Philosophy of Science, 1996.
  • R Tuomela, Science, Protoscience and Pseudoscience. Rational Changes in Science.
  • JA Campbell, On artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Review, 1986.
  • G Kennedy, Psychoanalysis: Protoscience and Metapsychology. 1959.
  • AC Maffei, Psychoanalysis: Protoscience Or Science?. 1969.
  • N Psarros, The Constructive Approach to the Philosophy of Chemistry. Epistemologia, 1995.

External links


Study guide

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikiversity

Alchemy is an example of a Protoscience that led to useful research such as exploration of the chemical nature of materials.

Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project for Protoscience.

Contents

Project Goals

Protoscience is often science in search of new methods for the study of aspects of the universe that have so far avoided scientific analysis. For example, a science of astrophysics was greatly facilitated by the development of stellar spectroscopy methods. Before such experimental methods, the composition of stars was often used as an example of something beyond human knowing.

The development of some protosciences can be delayed because our existing conceptual systems make us cognitively closed to some new ideas. For example, before ocean rifts and trenches were understood, it was difficult for geologists to accept plate tectonics as meaningful science.

This project allows Wikiversity participants to explore how pre-scientific ideas can be explored by the scientific method and become new sciences. Which new areas of science are just waiting for a methodological or conceptual breakthroughs? Are there some aspects of the universe that are simply beyond our technical or conceptual limitations?

Case studies

Exobiology

Reading: Read some of the news articles at Astrobiology Magazine.

Discussion

One common step in the development of new sciences is the establishment of one or more scientific journals where articles can be published about the new scientific discipline. What scientific journals exist for Exobiology (Astrobiology)?

One common step in the development of new sciences is the establishment of new departments, interdisciplinary programs or courses within science faculties of universities. Which universities have courses about Exobiology (Astrobiology)? Which departments host these courses?

See also

Nuvola apps kalzium.svg Subject classification: this is a science resource .

External Links

  • This |list at Wikipedia compares some ideas from the fringe of science and asks, are they protoscience or pseudoscience?







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