| Anatolian Turkish
Beyliks |
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Artuklu (1102 - ) |
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Ancestors: Eksük and his son Artuk, commander of Alparslan, from Döğer Oghuz Türkmen clan
Founder: Muinüddin Sökmen Bey •
Capitals: Three branches in Hasankeyf, Mardin and Harput
Important centers and extension: Diyarbekir • Hasankeyf • Silvan • Mardin • Midyat • Harput • Palu • Aleppo
(temporarily as of 1117)
Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli
Dynasty: Müinüddin Sökmen Bey (1102-1104) • Sökmenli
İbrahim Bey (1104 - 1131)
Mardin Dynasty or İlgazi Dynasty:
Necmeddin İlgazi (1106-1122) • Hüsameddin Timurtaş (1122 - 1154) •
Necmeddin Alp (1154 - 1176)
Harput Dynasty: Belek Bey (1112-1124) • Nureddin
Muhammed (? - ?) • Sökmen the Second (? - ?)
Important works: Artuklu Palace in Diyarbakır •
Widescale extension of Diyarbakır City Walls • Malabadi Bridge
• Hasankeyf Bridge • Sökmenli Nasirüddevle Bîmaristan-ı Farukî
Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Silvan (1108) • Emineddin (brother of İlgazi)
Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Mardin (built between (1122)
• Great Mosque of Silvan • Great Mosque of Mardin • Older Great
Mosque of Midyat (Cami-i Kebir) • Great Mosque of
Kızıltepe • Great Mosque of Harput • Artuklu Caravanserai in Mardin • İbrahim Shah
Caravanserai near Keban between Elazığ and Çemişgezek
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Saltuklu (1072-1202) |
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Founder: Saltuk Bey • Capital:
Erzurum
Important centers and extension: Erzurum • Tercan
Dynasty: Saltuk Bey (1072-1102) • Ali bin
Ebu'l-Kâsım (1102 - ~ 1124) • Ziyâüddin Gazi (~ 1124-1132) •
İzzeddin Saltuk (1132-1168) • Nâsırüddin Muhammed (1168-1191) • Mama
Hatun (1191-1200) • Melikshah bin Muhammed (1200-1202)
1202: Incorporation into the Seljuk
Sultanate of Rûm
Important works: Great Mosque of Erzurum • Emir
Saltuk Tomb in Erzurum •
Mama Hatun Caravanserai in Tercan • Mama Hatun Tomb in Tercan • Kale Mosque in Erzurum • Erzurum Medical Center
(Darüşşifa) (1147)
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Aydınoğlu (1307 -
1425) |
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Founder: Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey •
Capitals: Birgi, later Ayasluğ
Important centers and extension: Tire • İzmir • Alaşehir • Aydın • Sakız/Chios (between 1336-1344)
Dynasty: Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey (1307 - 1334) •
Aydınoğlu Umur Bey (1334-1348) • Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey (? - ?) •
Aydınoğlu İsa Bey ( - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by marriage)
into the Ottoman
Empire under Bayezid
I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1414: Second period
of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Aydınoğlu Musa Bey (1402-1403)
• Aydınoğlu Umur Bey the Second (1403 - 1405) • İzmiroğlu Cüneyd
Bey (1405 - 1425 with intervals) • 1425:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm
under Murad II
Important works: İsabey Mosque in Selçuk (1375)
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Candaroğlu (~1300 - 1461) |
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Founder: Şemseddin Yaman Candar, commander of
the Seljuk
Sultanate of Rûm • Capital: Kastamonu
Important centers and extension: Sinop • Eflani • Çankırı • Kalecik • Tosya • Araç • Samsun
(temporarily)
Dynasty: Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha (1309 - ~ 1340)
• Candaroğlu İbrahim Bey (1340-1345) • Candaroğlu Adil Bey
(1340-1361) • Celaleddin Bayezid (1361-1385) • Candaroğlu Süleyman
Pasha the Second (1384-1392)
1392: Incorporation (by conquest) of Kastamonu
branch into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I
Sinop Dynasty or İsfendiyaroğlu
Dynasty: İsfendiyar Bey (1385-1440) • Taceddin İbrahim Bey
(1440-1443) • Kemaleddin İsmail Bey (1443-1461)
1461: Incorporation (by surrender) of Sinop branch
into the Ottoman
Empire under Mehmed
II
Important works:
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Dulkadir (1348- ~ 1525) |
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Ancestor: Hasan Dulkadir •
Founder: Zeyneddin Karaca Bey •
Capital: Elbistan
Important centers and extension: Maraş • Malatya • Harput • Kayseri • Antep
Dynasty: Zeyneddin Karaca Bey (1348-1348) •
Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey (1348-1386) • Sûli Bey (1386-1396) •
Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey (1396-1443) • Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
(1443-1454) • Melik Arslan (?-?) • Shah Budak (?-1492) • Şahsuvar
(?-?) • Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey (1492-1507) • Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
(1507- ~ 1525)
1443-1525: Increasingly tributary and gradually
incorporated into the Ottoman Empire
Important works:
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Eretna (1328 - 1381) |
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Founder: Eretna Bey, brother-in-law of the Ilkhanid
governor for Anatolia, Demirtaş• Capital: Sivas, later Kayseri
Important centers and extension: Sivas • Kayseri • Niğde • Tokat
• Amasya • Erzincan • Şarkikarahisar • Niksar
Dynasty: Eretna Bey (1328-1352) • Gıyasüddin
Mehmed Bey (1352-1365) • Alâeddin Ali Bey (1365-1380) • Mehmed Bey
the Second (1380-1381)
1326: Beylik replaced by Mehmed Bey's chancellor
Kadı Burhaneddin
Important works:
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Eşrefoğlu (1288 -
1326) |
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Founder: Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey, regent to the
Seljuk
Sultanate of Rûm •• Capital: Beyşehir
Important centers and extension: Beyşehir •• Akşehir •• Bolvadin
Dynasty: Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1288 - 1302) ••
Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey (1302-1320) •• Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the
Second (1320-1326)
1326: Beylik destroyed by Demirtaş, the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia
Important works: Eşrefoğlu Mosque in Beyşehir
(1299)
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Germiyan (1300 - 1429) |
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Ancestor:: Kerimüddin Alişir •
Founder: Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First •
Capital: Kütahya
Important centers and extension: Kula (District),
Manisa • Simav • Yenicekent • Yenicekent (Beylik of
Lâdik between 1300-1368)
Dynasty: Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First (1300 -
1340) • Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey (1340-1361) • Germiyanlı Süleyman
Shah (1361 - 1387)
1390: First period of incorporation (by legation)
into the Ottoman
Empire under Murad I •
1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by
Tamerlane to Germiyanoğlu Yakub Bey the
Second (1402-1429) • 1414: Recognition of Ottoman
sovereignty by Germiyanoğlu Yakub Bey the Second under Mehmed I •
1429: Second and last incorporation (by legation)
into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works:
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Hamidoğlu (~ 1280 - 1374) |
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Ancestors:: Hamid and his son İlyas Bey,
frontier rulers under Seljuks Sultanate of Rûm •
Founder: Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey •
Capital: Isparta
Important centers and extension: Eğirdir • Uluborlu • Gölhisar • Korkuteli and Antalya transferred in 1301 to
Dündar Bey's brother Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
Dynasty: Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey (~ 1280 -
1324) • Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey (1324-1330) • Hamidoğlu Necmeddin İshak
Bey (? - ?) • Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey (? - ?)
• Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin İlyas Bey (? - ?) • Hamidoğlu
Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey (? - 1391)
1374: Incorporation (by sale of territories) into
the Ottoman
Empire under Murad I and
also partially to Karamanoğlu dynasty.
Important works:
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Karamanoğlu (~ 1250 - 1487) |
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Ancestor:: Nure Sûfi from Avşar Oghuz clan • Founder:
Kerimüddin Karaman Bey • Capitals: successively Ereğli • Ermenek • Larende (Karaman) • Konya • Mut
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty: Kerimeddin Karaman Bey (1256-1261) • Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey (1261-1283) • Güneri
Bey (1283-1300) • Bedreddin Mahmud Bey (1300-1308) • Yahşı Han Bey
(1308-1312) • Bedreddin İbrahim Bey (1312-1333) • Alâeddin Halil
Mirza Bey (1333-1348) • Bedreddin İbrahim Bey, 2nd reign
(1348-1349) • Fahreddin Ahmed Bey (1349-1350) • Şemdeddin Bey the
Second (1350-1351) • Burhaneddin Musa Bey (1351-1356) • Seyfeddin
Süleyman Bey (1356-1357) • Alâeddin Ali Bey (1357-1398) • Nasreddin
Mehmed Bey (1398-1399) • Bengi Alâeddin Ali Bey (1418-1424) • Damat
İbrahim Bey (1424-1464) • Sultanzade İshak Bey (1464) • Sultanzade
Pir Ahmed Bey (1464-1469) • Karamanoğlu Kasım Bey (1469-1483) •
Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (1483-1487)
1398-1402: First incorporation (by conquest) into
the Ottoman
Empire under Bayezid
I • 1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik
restituted by Tamerlane • 1414-1487:
Gradual second incorporation into the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed I, Murad II and Mehmed II.
Important works:
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Karesi (1303 - 1360) |
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Ancestor:: Melik Danişmend Gazi •
Founder: Karesi Bey • Capital: Balıkesir
Important centers and extension: Aydıncık • Bergama • Edremit • Bigadiç • Ezine
Dynasty: Karesi Bey (1307 - 1328) • Demir Han
(1328-1345) • Yahşı Han (1328-1345) • Süleyman Bey
(1345-1360)
1374: Incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Beylik under Orhan I and Murad I
Important works:
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Ladik
(İnançoğlu) (~ 1300 - 1368) |
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Ancestor:: Germiyanlı Ali Bey •
Founder: İnanç Bey • Capital: Denizli
Important centers and extension: Denizli
Dynasty: İnanç Bey (~ 1300 - ~ 1314) • Murad
Arslan (~ 1314 - ?) • İnançoğlu İshak Bey (? - ~ 1360) •
Süleyman Bey (1345-1368)
1368: Re-incorporation (by conquest) into the
Beylik of Germiyan
Important works:
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Menteşe (~1261 - 1424) |
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Founder: Menteşe Bey •
Capitals: Beçin castle and nearby Milas, later also Balat
Important centers and extension: present-day Muğla
Province • Muğla • Finike • Kaş • Çameli • Acıpayam • Tavas • Bozdoğan • Çine • temporarily Aydın and Güzelhisar, also Rhodes between 1300-1314
Dynasty: Menteşe Bey (~1261 - ~1282) • Menteşeoğlu
Mesud Bey (~1282 - ~1320) • Menteşeoğlu Şücaüddin Orhan Bey (~1320
- ~1340) • Menteşeoğlu İbrahim Bey (~1340 - ~1360)
1360: Division between the three sons of
Menteşeoğlu İbrahim Bey; Musa, Mehmed, Ahmed •
1390: First period of incorporation into the Ottoman Empire
(by submission) under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt • 1402 -
1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Menteşeoğlu İlyas Bey •
1414: Recognition of Ottoman sovereignty under Mehmed I •
1424: Second and last incorporation (by
submission) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works: Firuz Bey Mosque in Milas • İlyas Bey Mosque in Balat • Great
Mosque of Muğla (1344) • Vakıflar Hamam (Turkish bath) in
Muğla (1334)
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Ramazanoğlu (1352 - 1516) |
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Founder: Ramazan Bey from Yüreğir Oghuz clan •
Capitals: Adana
Important centers and extension: Adana • Tarsus
Dynasty: Ramazanoğlu İbrahim Bey (1344-?) •
Ramazanoğlu Ahmed Bey (? -1416) • Ramazanoğlu İbrahim Bey the
Second (1416-1417) • Ramazanoğlu Hamza Bey (1417-1427) •
Ramazanoğlu Mehmed Bey (1427-?) • Ramazanoğlu Eylük Bey (?
- ?) • Ramazanoğlu Dündar Bey (? - ?) • Ramazanoğlu Ömer
Bey (?-1490) • Gıyaseddin Halil Bey (1490-1511) • Ramazanoğlu
Mahmud Bey (1511-1516) • Ramazanoğlu Selim Bey (? - ?) •
Ramazanoğlu Kubad Bey (1517-?)
1516: Icorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman Empire
under Selim I • 1516
- 1608: Dynasty members as Beys of Ottoman sanjak of Adana until 1608.
Important works:
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Saruhan (1302 - 1410) |
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Founder: Saruhan Bey •
Capital: Manisa
Important centers and extension: Demirci • Nif (Kemalpaşa) • Akhisar • Gördes • Menemen
Dynasty: Dynasty: Saruhan Bey
(1302 - 1345) • Fahreddin İlyas Bey • Muzafferüddin İshak Bey ( -
1388) • Hızır Shah (1388 - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by
submission) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt •
1402 - 1410: Second period of Beylik restituted by
Tamerlane to Saruhanoğlu Orhan Bey
(1402-1403) • Hızır Shah (1403 - 1410) • 1410:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm
under Mehmed I
Important works:
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Teke (1301 - 1423) |
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Ancestors: Hamidoğlu dynasty • Founder:
Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey • Capitals: Antalya • Korkuteli
Important centers and extension: Antalya (lost to the Kingdom of
Cyprus between 1361-1373) • Teke Peninsula
Dynasty: Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (1301 - ?) •
Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey ( ? - 1327) • Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey ( ?
- ?) • Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey (? - ?) • Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
(~ 1360 - ~ 1375) • Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (~ 1375 - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by conquest)
into the Ottoman
Empire under Bayezid
I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1423: Second period
of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (1402-1423)
• 1423: Second and last incorporation (by
conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works: Yivli Minare Mosque in Antalya (~ 1375)
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