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New trial refers to the retrial of a court case. Depending on the rules of the jurisdiction, a new trial may occur if:

• a jury is unable to reach a verdict (see hung jury);
• a trial court grants a party's motion for a new trial, usually on the grounds of a legal defect in the original trial; or
• an appellate court reverses a judgment under circumstances requiring that the case be tried again.

In some types of cases (for example, if the original trial court was not a court of record) or in some legal systems, if the losing party to a case appeals, then the appellate court itself will hold a new trial, known as a trial de novo.

In the United States, if a defendant is acquitted of a crime, the Fifth Amendment generally prohibits a retrial; thus, with few exceptions,^[1][2] a retrial only can occur if the verdict in the first trial was "guilty," or if there was no verdict. In other legal systems, the rules may be different.

See also

• "Federal Rules of Civil Procedure". http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/Rule59.htm.  
• trial de novo

Notes

1. ^ Bartkus v. Illinois, 359 U.S. 121 (1959).
2. ^ Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82 (1985).

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