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Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.[1][2][3]
Biography
Early life and education
MacKinnon was born in Burlington, Massachusetts and went on to attend the University of Massachusetts Boston. After one year, transferred to Brandeis University in order to intensify his studies in science. There he received a bachelor's degree in biochemistry in 1978 while studying calcium transport over cell membranes for his honors thesis at Christopher Miller's laboratory. It was also at Brandeis where he met his future wife and working-colleague Alice Lee.[4]
After receiving his degree from Brandeis, MacKinnon entered medical school at Tufts University.[3] He got his M.D. in 1982 and received training in Internal Medicine at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston. He did not feel satisfied enough with the medical profession, so in 1986 he returned to Christopher Miller at Brandeis for postdoctoral studies.[4]
Career
In 1989 he was appointed assistant professor at Harvard University where he studied the interaction of the potassium channel with a specific toxin derived from scorpion venom, acquainting himself with methods of protein purification and X-ray crystallography. In 1996 he moved to Rockefeller University as a professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics where he started to work on the structure of the potassium channel. These channels are of particular importance to the nervous system and the heart and enable potassium ions to cross the cell membrane.
Scientific contributions
Potassium channels demonstrate a seemingly counterintuitive activity: they permit the passage of potassium ions, whereas they block the passage of the much smaller sodium ions. Before MacKinnon's work, the detailed molecular architecture of such channels and the exact means by which they convey ions remained speculative. In 1998, despite a barrier to the structural study of integral membrane proteins that had thwarted most attempts for decades, MacKinnon and colleagues determined the three-dimensional molecular structure of a potassium channel from bacteria utilizing X-ray crystallography. With this structure and other biochemical experiments, MacKinnon and colleagues were able to explain the exact mechanism by which potassium channel selectively occurs.[5][6] The journal Science called the achievement "one of the 10 biggest science stories of 1998."[citation needed]
His prize-winning research was conducted primarily at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) of Cornell University, and at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory.[7]
Awards and distinctions
References
- ^ "2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Researcher Roderick MacKinnon". Brookhaven National Labs. October 8, 2003. http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2003/bnlip100803.htm. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Nobel Prize honors Rockefeller University scientist Roderick MacKinnon for revealing process of electrical signaling in humans and other living organisms". The Rockefeller University. October 8, 2003. http://runews.rockefeller.edu/index.php?page=engine&id=73. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ a b Birmingham K (June 2001). "Rod MacKinnon". Nat. Med. 7 (6): 648. doi:10.1038/89005. PMID 11385491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/89005.
- ^ a b MacKinnon, Roderick (October 2003). Editor Tore Frängsmyr. ed. The Nobel Prizes 2003. Stockholm, Sweden: Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/mackinnon-autobio.html. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ MacKinnon R, Cohen SL, Kuo A, Lee A, Chait BT (April 1998). "Structural conservation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic potassium channels". Science 280 (5360): 106–9. doi:10.1126/science.280.5360.106. PMID 9525854. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9525854.
- ^ Doyle DA, Morais Cabral J, Pfuetzner RA, et al. (April 1998). "The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity". Science 280 (5360): 69–77. doi:10.1126/science.280.5360.69. PMID 9525859. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9525859.
- ^ "The Chemistry of the Cell". Brookhaven National Lab. http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/nobel/nobel_03.asp. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ "Newcomb Cleveland Prize Recipients". AAAS. http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/awards/newcomb/newcomb_winners.shtml. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ "W. ALDEN SPENCER LECTURE". Columbia University. http://www.neurosciencephd.columbia.edu/?page=51. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
- ^ "Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award". LASKER FOUNDATION. 2009. http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/1999_b_description.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Roderick MacKinnon elected to U.S. National Academy of Sciences". The Rockefeller University. May 2, 2000. http://runews.rockefeller.edu/index.php?page=engine&id=332. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
- ^ "Roderick MacKinnon". Gairdner Award. http://www.gairdner.org/awards/awardees2/20071998/2001awarde/roderickma. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
- ^ "Dean's Lecture Series Presents Nobel Laureate and Renowned Public Policy Analyst". Columbia University. http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/news/in-vivo/Vol3_Iss04_mar_04/around_and_about.html#Horwitz_Award. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003". The Nobel Foundation. 2003. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/index.html. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
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