In 1965, the system was changed to its current format, in which
three Medals are awarded annually by the Monarch on the
recommendation of the Royal Society Council. Because of its dual
nature (covering both physical and biological science) the award
winners are chosen by both the A- and B-side Award Committees.[1]
Since its establishment in 1826 the medal has been awarded 405
times.
| Year |
Name |
Field |
Rationale[2][3][4][5][6] |
| 1826 |
Ivory, JamesJames
Ivory |
Mathematics |
"For his Paper on Astronomical Refractions, published in the Philosophical
Transactions for the year 1823; and his other valuable Papers
on Mathematical Subjects." |
| Dalton, JohnJohn Dalton |
Physics |
"For his development of the Atomic Theory and his other
important labours and discoveries in Physical Science." |
| 1827 |
Struve, Friedrich Georg
WilhelmFriedrich Georg Wilhelm
Struve |
Astronomy |
"For his Work, entitled, Catalogus Novus Stellarum
Duplicium." |
| Davy, HumphryHumphry Davy |
Physics |
"For his Bakerian Lecture, On the Relations of
Electrical Changes, considered as the last link, in the order of
time, of the splendid chain of Discoveries in Chemical Electricity,
which has been continued for so many years of his valuable
life." |
| 1828 |
Encke, Johann FranzJohann Franz
Encke |
Astronomy |
"For his Accurate Determination of the Orbit of a Comet of
short period, as confirmed by observation." |
| Wollaston, William HydeWilliam Hyde
Wollaston |
Chemistry |
"For his communication, entitled, On a method of rendering
Platina malleable, being the conclusion of a series of researches
on the properties of the Metallic Bodies contained in the Ores of Platina." |
| 1829 |
Bell, CharlesCharles Bell |
Anatomy |
"For his Discoveries relating to the Nervous System." |
| Mitscherlich, EilhardEilhard
Mitscherlich |
Chemistry |
"For his Discoveries relating to the Laws of Crystallization,
and the Properties of Crystals." |
| 1830 |
Balard, Antoine JeromeAntoine Jerome
Balard |
Chemistry |
"For his Discovery of Brome." |
| Brewster, DavidDavid Brewster |
Physics |
"For his Communications to the Royal Society on the
Polarization and other Properties of Light." |
| 1831 |
No award |
| 1832 |
No award |
| 1833 |
Candolle, Augustin Pyramus
deAugustin Pyramus de
Candolle |
Botany |
"For his Researches and Investigations in Vegetable Physiology,
as detailed in his Work, entitled, Physiologie Vegetale." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel |
Astronomy |
"For his Paper "on the Investigation of the Orbits of Revolving
Double Stars," inserted in the Fifth Volume of the Memoirs of the
Royal Astronomical Society." |
| 1834 |
Lyell, CharlesCharles Lyell |
Geology |
"For his Work, entitled, Principles of Geology." |
| Lubbock, John WilliamJohn William
Lubbock |
Physics |
"For his Papers on the Tides published in the Philosophical
Transactions." |
| 1835 |
Faraday, MichaelMichael Faraday |
Chemistry |
"For his investigations and discoveries contained in the series
of experimental researches in electricity published in the
Philosophical Transactions, and more particularly for the seventh
series, relating to the definite nature of electrochemical
action." |
| Hamilton, William RowanWilliam Rowan
Hamilton |
Physics |
"For the papers published by him in the 16th and 17th volumes
of the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, entitled Supplement
to an Essay on the Theory of Systems of Rays, and more particularly
for those investigations at the conclusion of the third and last
supplement, which relate to the discovery of conic
refraction." |
| 1836 |
Newport, GeorgeGeorge Newport |
Anatomy |
"For his series of investigations on the anatomy and physiology
of insects, contained in his two papers published in the
Philosophical Transactions within the last three years." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel |
Astronomy |
"For his paper on nebulae and clusters of stars, published in
the Philosophical Transactions for 1833." |
| 1837 |
Whewell, WilliamWilliam Whewell |
Physics |
"For his researches connected with the theory of the tides,
communicated to the Royal Society and published in its Transactions
within the last three years." |
| 1838 |
Talbot, William FoxWilliam Fox
Talbot |
Mathematics |
"For his papers entitled Researches in the Integral Calculus,
published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836 and
1837." |
| Graham, ThomasThomas
Graham |
Chemistry |
"For his paper entitled "Inquiries respecting the Constiitution
of salts, of oxalates, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and
chlorides," published in the Philosophical Transactions for
1836." |
| 1839 |
Ivory, JamesJames
Ivory |
Mathematics |
"For his paper on the theory of the astronomical refractions
published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838. Part
II." |
| Barry, MartinMartin Barry |
Embryology |
"For his papers on embryology, published in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1838 and 1839." |
| 1840 |
Wheatstone, CharlesCharles
Wheatstone |
Physiology |
"For his paper entitled Contributions to the physiology of
vision, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel |
Astronomy |
"For his paper entitled On the chemical action of the rays of
the solar spectrum on preparations of silver, and other substances,
both metallic and non-metallic, and on some photogenic processes,
published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1840." |
| 1841 |
Hodgkinson, EatonEaton Hodgkinson |
Engineering |
"For his paper entitled Experimental researches on the strength
of pillars of cast iron, published in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1840." |
| Kane, RobertRobert Kane |
Chemistry |
"For his memoir entitled the Chemical History of archil and
litmus, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year
1840." |
| 1842 |
Daniell, John FredericJohn Frederic
Daniell |
Chemistry |
"For his letters on the electrolysis of secondary compounds and
on voltaic combinations published in the Transactions for 1840 and
1842." |
| Bowman, WilliamWilliam
Bowman |
Anatomy |
"For his paper on the structure and use of the Malpighian
bodies of the kidney, with observations on the circulation
through that gland, published in the Philosophical Transactions of
the present year." |
| 1843 |
Wheatstone, CharlesCharles
Wheatstone |
Physics |
"For his paper entitled, an account of several new instruments
and processes for determining the constants of a voltaic circuit,
printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the present
year." |
| Forbes, James DavidJames David
Forbes |
Physics |
"For his researches on the law of extinction of the solar rays
in passing through the atmosphere, contained in a paper published
in the Philosophical Transactions for 1842." |
| 1844 |
Boole, GeorgeGeorge Boole |
Mathematics |
"For his paper on a general method in analysis, published in
the Philosophical Transactions of the present year." |
| Andrews, ThomasThomas
Andrews |
Chemistry |
" For his paper on the thermal changes accompanying basic
substitutions, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the
present year." |
| 1845 |
Airy, George BiddellGeorge Biddell
Airy |
Astronomy |
"For his paper on the laws of the tides on the cost of Ireland,
as inferred from an extensive series of observations made in
connection with the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, published in the
Philosophical Transactions for the present year." |
| Beck, Thomas SnowThomas Snow Beck |
Medicine |
"For his paper entitled On the nerves of the uterus, which has
been ordered for publication in the Philosophical
Transactions." |
| 1846 |
Faraday, MichaelMichael Faraday |
Physics |
"For his experimental researches in electricity, twentieth and
twenty first series, on new magnetic actions, and on the magnetic
conditions of all matter, inserted in the Philosophical
Transactions part I. for 1845." |
| Owen, RichardRichard Owen |
Biology |
"For his paper entitled A description of certain Belemnites preserved with a great
proportion of their soft parts in the Oxford clay at
Christian-Malford, Wilts, published in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1844." |
| 1847 |
Fownes, GeorgeGeorge Fownes |
Chemistry |
"For his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions for
1845, on the artificial formation of a vegeto-alkali, and on
benzoline, published in the same volume of the Transactions" |
| Grove, William RobertWilliam Robert
Grove |
Physics |
"For his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions for
1845 and 1847, on the gas voltaic battery, and on certain phenomena
of voltaic ignition" |
| 1848 |
Hargreave, Charles
JamesCharles James
Hargreave |
Mathematics |
"For his paper on the solution of linear differential
equations, published in the Philosophical Transactions for
1848." |
| Galloway, ThomasThomas Galloway |
Mathematics |
"For his paper on the proper motion of the Solar System,
published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1847" |
| 1849 |
Sabine, EdwardEdward Sabine |
Astronomy |
"For his contributions to terrestrial magnetism, published in
the Philosophical Transactions parts VII and VIII, and his memoir
on the diurnal variation of the magnetic declination at Saint
Helena, part I." |
| Mantell, GideonGideon Mantell |
Geology |
"For his paper on the Iguanodon, published in the Philosophical
Transactions for the year 1848, being a continuation of a series of
papers by him on the same fossil reptile, by which he has rendered
eminent services to geology." |
| 1850 |
Brodie, BenjaminBenjamin Brodie |
Chemistry |
"For his investigations on the chemical nature of wax,
published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1848 and
1849." |
| Graham, ThomasThomas
Graham |
Chemistry |
"For his paper on the motion of gases, published in the
Philosophical Transactions for 1849." |
| 1851 |
Parsons, WilliamWilliam
Parsons |
Astronomy |
"For his observations on the nebulae published in the
Philosophical Transactions for the year 1850." |
| Newport, GeorgeGeorge Newport |
Entomology |
"For his paper on the impregnation of the ovum in the amphibia
(first series), published in the Philosophical Transactions for
1851." |
| 1852 |
Joule, James PrescottJames Prescott
Joule |
Physics |
"For his paper on the mechanical equivalent of heat, printed in
the Philosophical Transactions for 1850." |
| Huxley, Thomas HenryThomas Henry
Huxley |
Biology |
"For his papers on the anatomy and the affinities of the family
of the Medusae, printed in the Philosophical
Transactions." |
| 1853 |
Darwin, CharlesCharles Darwin |
Natural
history |
"For his work entitled Geological Observations on Coral Reefs,
Volcanic Islands, and on South America, and his work, Fossil
Circhipeda of Great Britain, Section Lepadidae, Monograph of the
Circhipeda." |
| Tyndall, JohnJohn Tyndall |
Physics |
"For his paper on diamagnetism and magne-crystallic action,
published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1851. (the award of this
medal was declined by Dr Tyndall)" |
| 1854 |
Hofmann, August Wilhelm
vonAugust Wilhelm von
Hofmann |
Chemistry |
"For his researches in organic chemistry published in the
Transactions of the Royal and Chemical Societies." |
| Hooker, Joseph DaltonJoseph Dalton
Hooker |
Botany |
"For his researches in various branches of science, especially
in botany, as naturalist of the Antarctic expedition of Sir James
Ross, and in an expedition to the eastern part of the Himalayan
range; of which researches part has been published in works
entitled The Antarctic Flora, and the Flora of New Zealand, and in
various other communications, and part is now in course of
publication." |
| 1855 |
Westwood, John ObadiahJohn Obadiah
Westwood |
Entomology |
"For his various monographs and papers on entomology." |
| Hind, John RussellJohn Russell Hind |
Astronomy |
"For the discovery of ten planetoids, the computation of their
orbits, and various other astronomical discoveries." |
| 1856 |
Richardson, JohnJohn
Richardson |
Natural history |
"For his contributions to natural history and physical
geography." |
| Thomson, WilliamWilliam
Thomson |
Physics |
"For his various chemical researches relating to electricity,
to the motive power of heat, and to other subjects." |
| 1857 |
Frankland, EdwardEdward Frankland |
Chemistry |
"For the isolation of the organic radicals of the alcohols, and
for his researches on the metallic derivatives of alcohol." |
| Lindley, JohnJohn Lindley |
Botany |
"For his numerous researches and works on all branches of
scientific botany, and especially for his vegetable kingdom, and
his genera & species of Orchideae." |
| 1858 |
Hancock, AlbanyAlbany Hancock |
Biology |
"For his various researches on the anatomy of the
mollusca." |
| Lassell, WilliamWilliam Lassell |
Astronomy |
"For his various astronomical discoveries and researches." |
| 1859 |
Cayley, ArthurArthur Cayley |
Mathematics |
"For his mathematical papers published in the Philosophical
Transactions, and in various English and foreign journals." |
| Bentham, GeorgeGeorge Bentham |
Botany |
"For his important contributions to the advancement of
systematic and descriptive botany." |
| 1860 |
Waller, Augustus VolneyAugustus Volney
Waller |
Neurophysiology |
"For his investigations into the anatomy and physiology of the
nervous system, and for the introduction of a valuable method of
conducting such investigations." |
| Fairbairn, WilliamWilliam Fairbairn |
Structural engineering |
"For his various experimental inquiries on the properties of
the materials employed in mechanical construction, contained in the
Philosophical transactions, and in the publications of other
scientific societies." |
| 1861 |
Sylvester, James JosephJames Joseph
Sylvester |
Mathematics |
"For his various memoirs and researches in mathematical
science." |
| Carpenter, William
BenjaminWilliam Benjamin
Carpenter |
Physiology |
"For his researches on the Foraminifera, contained in four memoirs in
the Philosophical Transactions, his investigations into the
structure of shell, his observations on the embryonic development
of Purpura, and his various other writings in physiology and
comparative anatomy" |
| 1862 |
Williamson, Alexander
WilliamAlexander William
Williamson |
Chemistry |
"For his researches on the compound ethers, and his subsequent
communications in organic chemistry." |
| Robinson, John Thomas
RomneyJohn Thomas Romney
Robinson |
Astronomy |
"For the Armagh catalogue of 5345 stars, deduced from
observations made at the Armagh Observatory, from the years
1820 up to 1854; for his papers on the construction of astronomical
instruments in the memoirs of the Astronomical Society, and his
paper on electromagnets in the Transactions of the Royal Irish
Academy." |
| 1863 |
Gassiot, John PeterJohn Peter
Gassiot |
Physics |
"For his researches on the voltaic battery and current, and on
the discharge of electricity through attenuated media." |
| Berkeley, MilesMiles Berkeley |
Botany |
"For his researches in cryptogamic botany, especially
mycology." |
| 1864 |
Clarke, Jacob LockhartJacob Lockhart
Clarke |
Anatomy |
"For his researches on the intimate structure of the spinal
cord and brain, and on the development of the spinal cord,
published in five memoirs in the Philosophical Transactions and in
other writings." |
| Rue, Warren De LaWarren De La
Rue |
Astronomy |
"For his observations on the total eclipse of the Sun of 1860,
and for his improvements in astronomical photography." |
| 1865 |
Smith, ArchibaldArchibald Smith |
Mathematics |
"For his papers in the Philosophical Transactions and
elsewhere, on the magnetism of ships." |
| Prestwich, JosephJoseph Prestwich |
Geology |
"For his numerous & valuable contributions to geological
science and more especially for his papers published in the
Philosophical Transactions on the general question of the
excavation of river valleys, and on the superficial deposits in
France and England in which the works of man are associated with
the remains of extinct animals." |
| 1866 |
Huggins, WilliamWilliam Huggins |
Astronomy |
"For his researches on the spectra of some of the chemical
elements and on the spectra of certain of the heavenly bodies; and
especially for his researches on the spectra of the nebulae,
published in the Philosophical Transactions." |
| Parker, William KitchenWilliam Kitchen
Parker |
Anatomy |
"For his researches in comparative osteology, and more
especially on the anatomy of the skull, as contained in papers
published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society and the
Philosophical Transactions." |
| 1867 |
Lawes, John BennetJohn Bennet Lawes and
Joseph
Henry Gilbert |
Chemistry |
"For their researches in agricultural chemistry." |
| Logan, William EdmondWilliam Edmond
Logan |
Geology |
"For his geological researches in Canada, and the construction
of a geological map of that colony." |
| 1868 |
Wallace, Alfred RusselAlfred Russel
Wallace |
Zoology |
"For his labours in practical and theoretical zoology." |
| Salmon, GeorgeGeorge Salmon |
Mathematics |
"For his researches in analytical geometry and the theory of
surfaces, published in the Philosophical Transactions, the
Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, and the Quarterly Journal
of Mathematics." |
| 1869 |
Matthiessen, AugustusAugustus
Matthiessen |
Chemistry |
"For his researches on the electrical and other physical
properties of metals and their alloys." |
| Maclear, ThomasThomas Maclear |
Astronomy |
"For his measurement of an arc of the meridian at the Cape of
Good Hope." |
| 1870 |
Davidson, ThomasThomas
Davidson |
Paleontology |
"For his works on the recent and fossil Brachiopoda, more
especially his series of monographs in the publications of the
Palaeontographical Society." |
| Miller, William
HallowesWilliam Hallowes
Miller |
Mineralogy |
"For his researches and writings on mineralogy and
crystallography, and his scientific labours in the restoration of
the National Standard of Weight." |
| 1871 |
Busk, GeorgeGeorge Busk |
Zoology |
"For his researches in zoology, physiology, and comparative
anatomy." |
| Stenhouse, JohnJohn Stenhouse |
Chemistry |
"For his researches on the lichens & their proximate
constituents and derivatives, including Erythrite; and for his
researches on the action of charcoal in purifying air." |
| 1872 |
Carter, Henry JohnHenry John Carter |
Zoology |
"For his long continued and valuable researches in zoology, and
more especially for his inquiries into the natural history of the
Spongiadae." |
| Anderson, ThomasThomas
Anderson |
Chemistry |
"For his investigations on the organic bases of Dippells animal
oil; on codeine; on the crystallized constituents of opium; on
piperin and on papaverin; and for his researches in physiological
and animal chemistry." |
| 1873 |
Allman, George JamesGeorge James
Allman |
Zoology |
"For his researches in zoology, and especially for his memoirs
on the structure, development, and physiology of the gymnoblastic
hydroids." |
| Roscoe, Henry EnfieldHenry Enfield
Roscoe |
Chemistry |
"For his various chemical investigations, especially fot those
on the chemical action of light, and upon the element Vanadium and
its combinations." |
| 1874 |
Sorby, Henry CliftonHenry Clifton
Sorby |
Geology |
"For his researches on Slaty cleavage and on the minute
structure of minerals and rocks; for the construction of the
microspectroscope, and for his researches on colouring
matters." |
| Williamson, William
CrawfordWilliam Crawford
Williamson |
Paleontology |
"For his contributions to zoology & palaeontology, &
especially for his investigations into the structure of the fossil
plants of the coal measures." |
| 1875 |
Oldham, ThomasThomas Oldham |
Geology |
"For his long & important services in the science of
geology, first as Professor of Geology, Trin. Col. Dub. And
Director of the Geol. Survey of Ireland & chiefly for the great
work which he has long conducted as superintendent of the Geol.
Survey of India, also for the series of volumes of geological
reports and memoirs, including the Palaeontographica Indica
published under his direction." |
| Crookes, WilliamWilliam Crookes |
Chemistry |
"For his various chemical and physical researches, more
especially for his discovery of thallium, his investigation of its
compounds and determination of its atomic weight; and for his
discovery of the repulsion referable to radiation." |
| 1876 |
Thomson, Charles
WyvilleCharles Wyville
Thomson |
Zoology |
"For his successful direction of the scientific investigations
carried on by HMS Challenger." |
| Froude, WilliamWilliam Froude |
Hydrodynamics |
"For his researches both theoretical and experimental on the
behaviour of ships, their oscillations, their resistance, &
propulsion." |
| 1877 |
Abel, Frederick
AugustusFrederick Augustus Abel |
Chemistry |
"For his physico-chemical researches on gun cotton &
explosive agents." |
| Heer, OswaldOswald Heer |
Natural History |
"For his numerous researches & writings on the tertiary
plants of Europe, of the North Atlantic, North Asia, and North
America, and for his able generalizations respecting their
affinities, and their geological & climatic relations." |
| 1878 |
Gunther, AlbertAlbert
Gunther |
Zoology |
"For his numerous & valuable contributions to the zoology
& anatomy of fishes & reptiles." |
| Broun, John AllanJohn Allan Broun |
Meteorology |
"For his investigations during thirty five years in magnetism
and meteorology & for his improvements in methods of
observation." |
| 1879 |
Ramsay, Andrew CrombieAndrew Crombie
Ramsay |
Geology |
"For his long continued & successful labours in geology and
physical geography." |
| Perkin, William HenryWilliam Henry
Perkin |
Chemistry |
"For his synthetical & other researches in organic
chemistry." |
| 1880 |
Noble, AndrewAndrew
Noble |
Physics |
"For his researches into the action of explosives; his
invention of the chronoscope; and other mathematical & physical
inquiries." |
| Lister, JosephJoseph
Lister |
Surgery |
"For his contributions on various physiological &
biological subjects published in the Philosophical Transactions
& Proceedings of the Royal Society & elsewhere; and for his
labours practical and theoretical, on questions relating to the
antiseptic system of treatment in surgery." |
| 1881 |
Jellett, John HewittJohn Hewitt
Jellett |
Mathematics |
"For his various mathematical & physical papers, more
especially for his researches in chemical optics, & his
invention of the new and delicate analyser by which they were
carried out." |
| Balfour, Francis
MaitlandFrancis Maitland
Balfour |
Biology |
"For his numerous and important contributions to animal
morphology; and more especially for his investigations respecting
the origin of the urogenital organs and the cerebrospinal nerves of
the Vertebrata; and for his work on the development of the
Elasmobranch fishes." |
| 1882 |
Strutt, JohnJohn
Strutt |
Physics |
"For his various papers in mathematical and experimental
physics." |
| Flower, William HenryWilliam Henry
Flower |
Biology |
"For his valuable contributions to the morphology and
classification of the Mammalia and to anthropology." |
| 1883 |
Hirst, Thomas ArcherThomas Archer
Hirst |
Mathematics |
"For his researches in pure mathematics." |
| Burdon-Sanderson, John
ScottJohn Scott
Burdon-Sanderson |
Physiology |
"For the eminent services which he has rendered to physiology
and pathology, especially for his investigation of the relations of
micro-organisms to disease, and his researches on the electric
phenomena of plants." |
| 1884 |
Darwin, GeorgeGeorge Darwin |
Mathematics |
"For his mathematical investigations on the rigidity of the
Earth, and on tides." |
| Oliver, DanielDaniel Oliver |
Botany |
"For his investigations in the classification of plants, and
for the great services which he has rendered to taxonomic
botany." |
| 1885 |
Hughes, David EdwardDavid Edward
Hughes |
Electrical engineering |
"For his electric and magnetic researches, and his invention of
the microphone & the induction balance." |
| Lankester, RayRay Lankester |
Zoology |
"For his discoveries concerning the embryology and morphology
of the mollusca and his services to embryology & animal
morphology in general." |
| 1886 |
Tait, Peter GuthriePeter Guthrie
Tait |
Physics |
"For his various mathematical and physical researches." |
| Galton, FrancisFrancis Galton |
Biology |
"For his statistical inquiries into biological phenomena." |
| 1887 |
Clarke, Alexander RossAlexander Ross
Clarke |
Geodesy |
"For his comparison of standards of length and determination of
the figure of the Earth." |
| Moseley, Henry NottidgeHenry Nottidge
Moseley |
Natural history |
"For his numerous researches in animal morphology, and
especially his investigations." |
| 1888 |
Reynolds, OsborneOsborne Reynolds |
Physics |
"For his investigations in mathematical & experimental
physics, and on the application of scientific theory to
engineering." |
| Mueller, Ferdinand vonFerdinand von
Mueller |
Geography |
"For his long services in Australian exploration and for his
investigations of the flora of the Australian continent." |
| 1889 |
Thorpe, Thomas EdwardThomas Edward
Thorpe |
Chemistry |
"For his researches on fluorine compounds, and his
determination of the atomic weights of titanium and gold." |
| Gaskell, Walter
HolbrookWalter Holbrook Gaskell |
Physiology |
"For his researches in cardiac physiology and his important
discoveries in the anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic
nervous system." |
| 1890 |
Hopkinson, JohnJohn Hopkinson |
Physics |
"For his researches in magnetism and electricity." |
| Ferrier, DavidDavid Ferrier |
Neurology |
"For his researches on the localisation of cerebral
functions." |
| 1891 |
Rucker, Arthur WilliamArthur William
Rucker |
Physics |
"For his researches on liquid films, and his contributions to
our knowledge of terrestrial magnetism." |
| Lapworth, CharlesCharles Lapworth |
Geology |
"For his researches among the older rocks of Britain." |
| 1892 |
Pritchard, CharlesCharles Pritchard |
Astronomy |
"For his work on photometry and stellar parallax." |
| Langley, John NewportJohn Newport
Langley |
Physiology |
"For his work on secreting glands, and on the nervous
system." |
| 1893 |
Ward, Harry MarshallHarry Marshall
Ward |
Botany |
"For his researches into the life-history of fungi and
schizomycetes." |
| Schuster, ArthurArthur Schuster |
Botany |
"For his spectroscopic inquiries, and his researches on
disruptive discharge through gases and on terrestrial
magnetism." |
| 1894 |
Thomson, Joseph JohnJoseph John Thomson |
Physics |
"For his contributions to mathematical and experimental physics
especially to electrical theory." |
| Horsley, VictorVictor Horsley |
Physiology |
"For his investigations relating to the physiology of the
nervous system, and of the thyroid gland, and to their applications
to the treatment of disease." |
| 1895 |
Murray, JohnJohn
Murray |
Oceanography |
"For his services to biological science and oceanography in
connection with the "Challenger" reports, and for his original
contributions to the same." |
| Ewing, James AlfredJames Alfred
Ewing |
Physics |
"For his investigations on magnetic induction in iron and other
metals. |
| 1896 |
Geikie, ArchibaldArchibald Geikie |
Geology |
"For his many original contributions to geology especially
those upon the Old Red Sandstone of Western Europe." |
| Boys, Charles VernonCharles Vernon
Boys |
Physics |
"For his invention of Quartz Fibres and and [sic] investigation
of their properties, his improvement of the radio-micrometer and
investigations with it, for developments in the art of
instantaneous photography, and for his determination of the value
of the constant of attraction." |
| 1897 |
Strachey, RichardRichard Strachey |
Geology |
"For his researches in geographical, meteorological, and
botanical science." |
| Forsyth, AndrewAndrew Forsyth |
Mathematics |
"For his contributions to the progress of pure mathematics, and
especially for his work in differential equations and the theory of
functions." |
| 1898 |
Kerr, JohnJohn Kerr |
Physics |
"For his researches on the optical effect of electrical stress
and on the reflection of light at the surface of a magnetised
body." |
| Gardiner, WalterWalter Gardiner |
Botany |
"For his researches on the protoplasmic connection of the cells
of vegetable tissues and on the minute histology of plants." |
| 1899 |
McIntosh, William
CarmichaelWilliam Carmichael
McIntosh |
Marine
biology |
"For his important monographs on British marine zoology and on
the fishing industries." |
| Fitzgerald, George
FrancisGeorge Francis
Fitzgerald |
Physics |
"For his contributions to physical science, especially in the
domains of optics and electricity." |
| 1900 |
Newton, AlfredAlfred Newton |
Ornithology |
"For his eminent contributions to the science of ornithology
and the geographical distribution of animals." |
| MacMahon, Percy
AlexanderPercy Alexander
MacMahon |
Mathematics |
"For the number and range of his contributions to mathematical
science" |
| 1901 |
Ayrton, William EdwardWilliam Edward
Ayrton |
Electrical engineering |
"For his contributions to electrical science." |
| Blanford, William
ThomasWilliam Thomas
Blanford |
Geology |
"For his work in connection with the geographical distribution
of animals" |
| 1902 |
Schafer, Edward AlbertEdward Albert
Schafer |
Neurology |
"For his researches into the functions and minute structure of
the Central Nervous System, especially with regard to the motor and
sensory functions of the cortex of the brain." |
| Lamb, HoraceHorace Lamb |
Applied mathematics |
"For his investigations in mathematical physics." |
| 1903 |
Gill, DavidDavid Gill |
Astronomy |
"For his researches in solar and stellar parallax, and his
energetic direction of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good
Hope." |
| Brown, Horace TabbererHorace Tabberer
Brown |
Chemistry |
"For his work on the chemistry of the carbohydrates and on the
assimilation of carbonic acid by green plants." |
| 1904 |
Bruce, DavidDavid
Bruce |
Microbiology |
"For his valuable researches in the pathology of Malta fever,
nagana, and sleeping sickness, and especially for his discoveries
as regards the exact causes of these diseases." |
| Burnside, WilliamWilliam Burnside |
Mathematics |
"For his researches in mathematics, particularly in the theory
of groups." |
| 1905 |
Sherrington, Charles
ScottCharles Scott
Sherrington |
Neurophysiology |
"For his researches on the Central Nervous System especially in
relation to reflex action." |
| Poynting, John HenryJohn Henry
Poynting |
Physics |
" For his researches in physical science, especially in
connection with the constant of gravitation and the theories of
electrodynamics and radiation." |
| 1906 |
Greenhill, Alfred
GeorgeAlfred George
Greenhill |
Mathematics |
"For his contributions to mathematics, especially the elliptic
functions and their applications." |
| Scott, Dukinfield HenryDukinfield Henry
Scott |
Botany |
"For his investigations and discoveries in connection with the
structure and relationship of fossil plants." |
| 1907 |
Hobson, Ernest WilliamErnest William
Hobson |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his investigations in mathematics." |
| Traquair, Ramsay
HeatleyRamsay Heatley
Traquair |
Natural history |
"On the ground of his discoveries relating to fossil
fishes." |
| 1908 |
Head, HenryHenry Head |
Neurology |
"On the ground of his researches on the relations between the
visceral & somatic nerves and on the functions of the different
nerves." |
| Milne, JohnJohn Milne |
Geology |
"On the ground of his work in seismology." |
| 1909 |
Love, AugustusAugustus
Love |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his researches in the theory of elasticity
and cognate subjects." |
| Ross, RonaldRonald Ross |
Medicine |
"On the ground of his researches in connection with
malaria." |
| 1910 |
Bower, Frederick OrpenFrederick Orpen
Bower |
Botany |
"On the ground of his treatise on the origin of a land
flora." |
| Joly, JohnJohn Joly |
Geology |
"On the ground of researches in physics and geology." |
| 1911 |
Chrystal, GeorgeGeorge Chrystal |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his work in mathematics and physics." |
| Bayliss, William
MaddockWilliam Maddock Bayliss |
Physiology |
"On the ground of his researches in physiology." |
| 1912 |
Smith, Grafton ElliotGrafton Elliot
Smith |
Anatomy |
no rationale given |
| Hicks, William
MitchinsonWilliam Mitchinson
Hicks |
Physics |
"On the ground of his researches in mathematical physics." |
| 1913 |
Starling, Ernest HenryErnest Henry
Starling |
Physiology |
"On the ground of his contributions to the advancement of
physiology." |
| Dixon, Harold BailyHarold Baily
Dixon |
Chemistry |
"On the ground of his eminence in physical chemistry,
especially in connexion with explosions in gases." |
| 1914 |
Brown, Ernest WilliamErnest William
Brown |
Astronomy |
"For investigations in astronomy, chiefly in the lunar
theory." |
| Sollas, William JohnsonWilliam Johnson
Sollas |
Geology |
"For researches in palaeontology." |
| 1915 |
Larmor, JosephJoseph Larmor |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his numerous and important contributions to
mathematical and physical science." |
| Rivers, William Halse
RiversWilliam
Halse Rivers Rivers |
Ethnology |
"On the ground of his important contributions to ethnography
and ethnology." |
| 1916 |
Macdonald, Hector MunroHector Munro
Macdonald |
Mathematics |
"For his contributions to mathematical physics." |
| Haldane, John ScottJohn Scott
Haldane |
Physiology |
"For his distinguished services to chemical physiology, more
especially in reference to the chemical changes in
respiration." |
| 1917 |
Woodward, Arthur SmithArthur Smith
Woodward |
Palaeontology |
"On the ground of his researches in vertebrate
palaeontology." |
| Aitken, JohnJohn Aitken |
Meteorology |
"On the ground of his work on cloudy condensations." |
| 1918 |
Fowler, AlfredAlfred Fowler |
Astronomy |
"For his distinguished researches in physical astronomy and
spectroscopy." |
| Hopkins, Frederick
GowlandFrederick Gowland
Hopkins |
Biochemistry |
"On the ground of his researches in chemical physiology." |
| 1919 |
Jeans, James HopwoodJames Hopwood
Jeans |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his researches in applied mathematics." |
| Farmer, John BretlandJohn Bretland
Farmer |
Botany |
"On the ground of his notable work on plant and animal
cytology." |
| 1920 |
Hardy, Godfrey HaroldGodfrey Harold
Hardy |
Mathematics |
"On the ground of his researches in pure mathematics." |
| Bateson, WilliamWilliam Bateson |
Genetics |
"On the ground of his contributions to biological science, and
especially his studies in genetics." |
| 1921 |
Dyson, Frank WatsonFrank Watson
Dyson |
Astronomy |
"For his researches on the distribution and movement of the
stars." |
| Blackman, FrederickFrederick
Blackman |
Botany |
"For his researches on the gaseous exchange in plants & on
the operation of limiting factors." |
| 1922 |
Wilson, Charles Thomson
ReesCharles Thomson Rees
Wilson |
Meteorology |
"For his researches on condensation nuclei and atmospheric
electricity." |
| Barcroft, JosephJoseph Barcroft |
Physiology |
"For his researches in physiology and especially for his work
in connection with respiration." |
| 1923 |
Martin, Charles JamesCharles James
Martin |
Physiology |
"For his researches on animal metabolism" |
| Shaw, NapierNapier Shaw |
Meteorology |
"For his researches in meteorological science" |
| 1924 |
Clerk, DugaldDugald Clerk |
Engineering |
"For his application of scientific principles to engineering
problems." |
| Dale, Henry HallettHenry Hallett
Dale |
Pharmacology |
"For his researches in pharmacology and physiology." |
| 1925 |
Seward, Albert CharlesAlbert Charles
Seward |
Botany |
"For his researches on the palaeobotany of Gondwanaland." |
| Perkin, Jr., William
HenryWilliam Henry Perkin,
Jr. |
Organic
chemistry |
"For his work on the constitution of the alkaloids carried out
during the past few years." |
| 1926 |
Hill, Archibald VivianArchibald Vivian
Hill |
Physiology |
"For his distinguished work on the physical and chemical
aspects of muscular contraction." |
| Hardy, William BateWilliam Bate
Hardy |
Biochemistry |
"For his pioneer work on colloidal chemistry and the theory of
lubrication." |
| 1927 |
McLennan, John
CunninghamJohn Cunningham
McLennan |
Physics |
" For his researches in spectroscopy and atomic physics." |
| Lewis, ThomasThomas
Lewis |
Cardiology |
"For his researches on the vascular system, following upon his
earlier work on the mammalian heart-beat." |
| 1928 |
Eddington, Arthur
StanleyArthur Stanley
Eddington |
Astrophysics |
"For his contributions to astrophysics." |
| Broom, RobertRobert Broom |
Palaeontology |
"For his discoveries which have shed new light on the problem
of the origin of mammals." |
| 1929 |
Littlewood, John
EdensorJohn Edensor
Littlewood |
Mathematics |
"For his work on mathematical analysis and the theory of prime
numbers." |
| Muir, RobertRobert
Muir |
Pathology |
"For his contributions to the science of immunology." |
| 1930 |
Marr, John EdwardJohn Edward Marr |
Geology |
"For his pioneer work in the accurate zoning of the palaeozoic
rocks." |
| Richardson, Owen
WillansOwen Willans
Richardson |
Physics |
"For his work on thermionics and spectroscopy." |
| 1931 |
Glazebrook, RichardRichard
Glazebrook |
Physics |
"For his distinguished work in experimental physics." |
| Lang, William HenryWilliam Henry
Lang |
Botany |
"For his work on the anatomy and morphology of the fern-like
fossils of the Old Red Sandstone." |
| 1932 |
Mellanby, EdwardEdward Mellanby |
Pharmacology |
"For his important researches on dietary factors, particularly
in connexion with rickets." |
| Robinson, RobertRobert
Robinson |
Chemistry |
"For his work in many branches of organic chemistry, especially
on the structure of plant products and their phytochemical
synthesis." |
| 1933 |
Taylor, Geoffrey IngramGeoffrey Ingram
Taylor |
Physics |
"For his mathematical work in physics, geophysics and
aerodynamics." |
| Laidlaw, Patrick
PlayfairPatrick Playfair Laidlaw |
Virology |
"For his work on diseases due to viruses, including that on the
cause and prevention of distemper in dogs." |
| 1934 |
Adrian, Edgar DouglasEdgar Douglas
Adrian |
Electrophysiology |
"For his work on the physiology of nerve and its application to
the problems of sensation." |
| Chapman, SydneySydney
Chapman |
Geophysics |
"For his researches in the kinetic theory of gases, in
terrestrial magnetism and in the phenomena of the upper
atmosphere." |
| 1935 |
Harker, AlfredAlfred
Harker |
Petrology |
"In recognition of his distinguished work and influence as a
petrologist." |
| Darwin, Charles GaltonCharles Galton
Darwin |
Physics |
"For his researches in mathematical physics, especially in the
quantum mechanics of the electron and in optics." |
| 1936 |
Goodrich, Edwin StephenEdwin Stephen
Goodrich |
Zoology |
"For his work on the morphology of the excretory organs of the
invertebrate and for his work on the comparative anatomy and
embryology of the vertebrata." |
| Fowler, Ralph HowardRalph Howard
Fowler |
Physics |
"For his work on statistical mechanics and allied departments
of modern mathematical physics." |
| 1937 |
Buller, Arthur Henry
ReginaldArthur Henry Reginald
Buller |
Biology |
"In recognition of his researches on the general biology and
sexuality of the fungi." |
| Sidgwick, Nevil VincentNevil Vincent
Sidgwick |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on valency and on
molecular structure." |
| 1938 |
Aston, Francis WilliamFrancis William
Aston |
Physics |
"For his discovery of the isotopes of non-radioactive
elements." |
| Fisher, Ronald AylmerRonald Aylmer
Fisher |
Statistics |
"For his important contributions to the theory and practice of
statistical methods." |
| 1939 |
Keilin, DavidDavid Keilin |
Entomology |
"For his contributions to biochemistry and entomology; in
particular for his demonstration of the part played by cytochrome
in the oxidation-reduction mechanisms of the living cell; and for
his studies of the higher diptera." |
| Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac |
Physics |
"For the leading part he had taken in the development of the
new quantum mechanics." |
| 1940 |
Marshall, Francis Hugh
AdamFrancis Hugh
Adam Marshall |
Physiology |
"For his contributions to the physiology of animal
reproduction." |
| Blackett, Patrick Maynard
StuartPatrick
Maynard Stuart Blackett |
Physics |
"For his studies of cosmic rays and the showers of particles
which they produce, for his share in the discovery of the positive
electron, for his work on mesons and many other experimental
achievements." |
| 1941 |
Kennaway, ErnestErnest Kennaway |
Pathology |
"For his discovery of the nature of the carcinogenic substances
in coal tar and for his investigations on production of cancer by
synthetic substances." |
| Milne, Edward ArthurEdward Arthur
Milne |
Astrophysics |
"For his researches on the atmospheres of the earth and the
sun, on the internal constitution of the stars, and on the theory
of relativity." |
| 1942 |
Topley, William Whiteman
CarltonWilliam Whiteman Carlton
Topley |
Bacteriology |
"For his outstanding work on experimental epidemiology and
immunology." |
| Haworth, Walter NormanWalter Norman
Haworth |
Chemistry |
"For his fundamental contributions to organic chemistry,
particularly to the constitution of the sugars and the structure of
complex polysaccharides." |
| 1943 |
Bailey, Edward
BattersbyEdward Battersby
Bailey |
Geology |
"For his distinguished contributions to the knowledge of
mountain structure and his studies on the tectonics of
vulcanism." |
| Jones, Harold SpencerHarold Spencer
Jones |
Astronomy |
"For his determination of the solar parallax and of other
fundamental astronomical constants." |
| 1944 |
Harington, Charles
RobertCharles Robert
Harington |
Chemistry |
"For his work in the analysis and synthesis of thyroxine, and
in immunological chemistry." |
| Brunt, DavidDavid Brunt |
Meteorology |
"For his fundamental contributions to meteorology." |
| 1945 |
Salisbury, Edward JamesEdward James
Salisbury |
Botany |
"For his notable contributions to plant ecology and to the
study of the British flora generally." |
| Bernal, John DesmondJohn Desmond
Bernal |
Crystallography |
"For his work on the structure of proteins and other substances
by X-ray methods and for the solution of many other problems
requiring a physical approach." |
| 1946 |
Darlington, Cyril DeanCyril Dean
Darlington |
Biology |
"For his distinguished researches in cytology and
genetics." |
| Bragg, LawrenceLawrence
Bragg |
Physics |
"For his distinguished researches in the sciences of X-ray
structure analysis and X-ray spectroscopy." |
| 1947 |
Burnet, Frank
MacfarlaneFrank Macfarlane
Burnet |
Virology |
"For his distinguished work on bacteriophages, viruses and
immunity; and for his contributions to the study of infectious
disease as an ecological phenomenon." |
| Hinshelwood, Cyril
NormanCyril Norman
Hinshelwood |
Chemistry |
"For his distinguished work on the mechanism of chemical
reactions from the simplest gas phase processes to the complexities
of cell division." |
| 1948 |
Gray, JamesJames Gray |
Zoology |
"For his distinguished researches in cytology, ciliary
movement, and particularly his anatomical and experimental studies
of animal posture and locomotion." |
| Jeffreys, HaroldHarold Jeffreys |
Geophysics |
"For his distinguished work in geophysics and his important
contributions to the astronomy of the solar system. |
| 1949 |
Peters, Rudolph AlbertRudolph Albert
Peters |
Biochemistry |
"For his distinguished biochemical researches, in particular
his investigations of (i) the biochemical role of vitamin B1 in
tissue metabolism; and (ii) the mechanism of the toxic action of
lewisite and other arsenical compounds." |
| Thomson, George PagetGeorge Paget
Thomson |
Physics |
"For his distinguished contributions to many branches of atomic
physics, and especially for his work in establishing the wave
properties of the electron." |
| 1950 |
Pantin, Carl Frederick
AbelCarl
Frederick Abel Pantin |
Zoology |
"For his contributions to the comparative physiology of the
Invertebrata, particularly his work on nerve conduction in
Crustacea and Actinozoa." |
| Appleton, EdwardEdward
Appleton |
Physics |
"For his work on the ele [sic] transmission of electromagnetic
waves round the earth and for his investigations of the ionic state
of the upper atmosphere." |
| 1951 |
Florey, HowardHoward
Florey |
Pharmacology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pathology
by his studies of the functions of mucin and by his work on
penicillin and other antibiotics." |
| Heilbron, IanIan Heilbron |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic
chemistry, notably in the field of vitamin A and polyene
synthesis." |
| 1952 |
Bartlett, FredericFrederic Bartlett |
Experimental psychology |
"In recognition of his creation of an experimental school of
psychology which has established under his leadership an
outstanding position recognized internationally as without
superior." |
| Ingold, Christopher
KelkChristopher Kelk
Ingold |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his extensive theoretical and practical
studies of the mechanism of organic chemical reactions and the
factors influencing them; and for his analysis of the structure of
benzene." |
| 1953 |
Fildes, PaulPaul Fildes |
Microbiology |
"In recognition of his classical researches on growth factors
for bacteria and for laying the foundation of work leading to a
rational approach to chemotherapy." |
| Mott, Nevill FrancisNevill Francis
Mott |
Physics |
"In recognition of his eminent work in the field of quantum
theory and particularly in the theory of metals." |
| 1954 |
Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his discovery of two key reactions in animal
metabolism and for his distinguished contributions to the knowledge
of cell energetics." |
| Cockcroft, JohnJohn Cockcroft |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on nuclear and atomic
physics." |
| 1955 |
Wigglesworth, VincentVincent
Wigglesworth |
Entomology |
"In recognition of his distinguished experimental contributions
of outstanding value to many aspects of insect physiology." |
| Todd, AlexanderAlexander Todd |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in organic
chemistry." |
| 1956 |
Jones, Owen ThomasOwen Thomas Jones |
Geology |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in the Palaeozoic
rocks, particularly in Wales, his work on sediments, his
palaeontological researches and the application of geological
knowledge to practical problems." |
| Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary
CrowfootDorothy
Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of her distinguished work in the elucidation of
structures of penicillin, vitamin B12 and other important compounds
by the methods of X-ray crystallography." |
| 1957 |
Gregory, Frederick
GugenheimFrederick Gugenheim
Gregory |
Botany |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in plant
physiology." |
| Hodge, William Vallance
DouglasWilliam
Vallance Douglas Hodge |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on algebraic
geometry." |
| 1958 |
Hodgkin, Alan LloydAlan Lloyd
Hodgkin |
Physiology |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the mechanism of
excitation and conduction in nerve and muscle." |
| Massey, Harrie Stewart
WilsonHarrie
Stewart Wilson Massey |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physics,
and particularly for his experimental and theoretical studies of
collision phenomena in gases." |
| 1959 |
Medawar, Peter BrianPeter Brian
Medawar |
Physiology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field
of tissue transplantation immunity and acquired tolerance." |
| Peierls, RudolfRudolf Peierls |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the theoretical
foundations of high energy and nuclear physics." |
| 1960 |
Cameron, RoyRoy Cameron |
Pathology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field
of cellular pathology" |
| Lovell, BernardBernard Lovell |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to radio
astronomy." |
| 1961 |
Clark, Wilfrid Le GrosWilfrid Le Gros
Clark |
Physiology |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to
neuroanatomy and primate morphology, which he has combined to
provide new knowledge of human evolution." |
| Powell, Cecil FrankCecil Frank
Powell |
Physics |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the development of
the photographic emulsion technique in the investigation of cosmic
rays and the outstanding results derived therefrom on the
elementary particles in cosmic radiation." |
| 1962 |
Eccles, John CarewJohn Carew
Eccles |
Neurophysiology |
"In recognition of his distinguished investigations of the
function of the spinal cord, particularly of the mechanisms of
excitation and inhibition." |
| Chandrasekhar,
SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar |
Astrophysics |
"In recognition of his distinguished researches in mathematical
physics, particularly those related to the stability of convective
motions in fluids with and without magnetic fields." |
| 1963 |
Read, Herbert HaroldHerbert Harold
Read |
Geology |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the
understanding of the processes of rock metamorphism and the origins
of granite." |
| Hill, RobertRobert Hill |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in biochemistry of
plants, especially for his contributions to knowledge of
photosynthesis." |
| 1964 |
Brambell, FrancisFrancis Brambell |
Medicine |
"In recognition of his important contribution to our
understanding of the passage of protein from maternal to foetal
circulations." |
| Lighthill, Michael
JamesMichael James Lighthill |
Aeroacoustics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge
of the flow of compressible gases, and the mathematical theory of
distributions." |
| 1965 |
Husband, Henry CharlesHenry Charles
Husband |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in many aspects of
engineering, particularly for his design studies of large
structures such as those exemplified in the radio telescopes at
Jodrell Bank and Goonhilly Downs." |
| Kendrew, John CowderyJohn Cowdery
Kendrew |
Crystallography |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the
complete structural analysis of a protein molecule (myoglobin),
particularly the biological aspects of this study." |
| Lyttleton, Raymond
ArthurRaymond Arthur Lyttleton |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to
astronomy, particularly for his work on the dynamical stability of
galaxies." |
| 1966 |
Cockerell, ChristopherChristopher
Cockerell |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his pioneering invention, and major
contributions to the subsequent development of hovercraft." |
| Yates, FrankFrank Yates |
Statistical biology |
"In recognition of his profound and far-reaching contributions
to the statistical methods of experimental biology." |
| Ratcliffe, John
AshworthJohn Ashworth Ratcliffe |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in the ionosphere
and on the propagation of radio waves." |
| 1967 |
Hutchinson, JosephJoseph Hutchinson |
Biology |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the genetics and
evolution of crop-plants with particular reference to cotton." |
| Young, John ZacharyJohn Zachary
Young |
Neurophysiology |
"In recognition of his outstanding researches correlating
neural structure with function." |
| Tilley, Cecil EdgarCecil Edgar
Tilley |
Petrology |
"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions in all
branches of retrology." |
| 1968 |
Roberts, GilbertGilbert Roberts |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to civil
engineering, and in particular to the design and construction of
long-span suspension bridges." |
| Morgan, Walter Thomas
JamesWalter Thomas James
Morgan |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to knowledge
of the chemistry of blood-group substances, with special reference
to genetical as well as immunological considerations." |
| Atiyah, Michael FrancisMichael Francis
Atiyah |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to algebraic
geometry and to the study of differential equations by the methods
of algebraic topology." |
| 1969 |
Oatley, Charles WilliamCharles William
Oatley |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in the wartime
development of radar and latterly for the design and development of
a highly successful scanning electron microscope." |
| Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his pioneer work on the sequence of amino
acids in proteins and of nucleotides of ribonucleic acids." |
| Deacon, George Edward
RavenGeorge
Edward Raven Deacon |
Oceanography |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physical
oceanography and for his leadership as director of the National
Institute of Oceanography." |
| 1970 |
Baker, John FleetwoodJohn Fleetwood
Baker |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his fundamental and applied work on the
plastic behaviour and design of framed structures which is now
being used throughout the world." |
| Rushton, William Albert
HughWilliam
Albert Hugh Rushton |
Physiology |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the visual
pigments in the living eye and on chemical and nervous adaptation
in the retina." |
| Dunham, Kingsley
CharlesKingsley Charles
Dunham |
Geology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pure and
applied geology, and especially in the field of metallic ore
deposits." |
| 1971 |
Kent, Percy EdwardPercy Edward Kent |
Geology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to oil and
gas exploration and the geology of oil and gas fields." |
| Perutz, MaxMax Perutz |
Biology |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular biology
and structure of proteins." |
| Herzberg, GerhardGerhard Herzberg |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished experimental researches in
atomic and molecular spectroscopy and its applications in
chemistry, physics and astronomy." |
| 1972 |
Lewis, Wilfrid BennettWilfrid Bennett
Lewis |
Nuclear
physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the
science and technology of heavy water reactors for power
generation." |
| Crick, FrancisFrancis Crick |
Biology |
"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and
his continuing contribution to molecular biology." |
| Barton, DerekDerek Barton |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic
chemistry, especially his theories on the conformation of organic
molecules and his syntheses of natural products." |
| 1973 |
Abraham, Edward PenleyEdward Penley
Abraham |
Biology |
"In recognition of his outstanding work on the isolation,
characterization and development of the cephalosporin group of
antibiotics." |
| Porter, Rodney RobertRodney Robert
Porter |
Biology |
"In recognition of his penetrating investigations on the
structure of immunoglobulins." |
| Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to
radioastronomy." |
| 1974 |
Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner |
Biology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular
biology concerning the nature of the genetic code and its
expression during development." |
| Edwards, GeorgeGeorge
Edwards |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his many contributions to aeronautical
engineering, particularly in the realization of supersonic
aircraft." |
| Hoyle, FredFred Hoyle |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to
theoretical physics and cosmology." |
| 1975 |
Wallis, BarnesBarnes Wallis |
Engineering |
"In recognition of the originality of his ideas and the
determination with which he has pursued them." |
| Phillips, David ChiltonDavid Chilton
Phillips |
Biology |
"In recognition of his solution of the three-dimensional
structure of an enzyme and his outstanding contributions to the
techniques of x-ray crystallography." |
| Bullard, EdwardEdward Bullard |
Geophysics |
"In recognition of his distinction as a world leader in
geophysics, especially the generation of the earths magnetic field,
the origin of the oceans and continental drift." |
| 1976 |
Walsh, AlanAlan Walsh |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to emission
and infra-red spectroscopy and his origination of the atomic
absorption method of quantitative analysis." |
| Gowans, James LearmonthJames Learmonth
Gowans |
Medicine |
"In recognition of his distinguished research in the field of
immunology, especially as regards the recirculation and
immunological role of lymphocytes" |
| Cornforth, John WarcupJohn Warcup
Cornforth |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the
stereochemical unravelling of the biosynthesis of squalene and
cholesterol from acetate and mevalonate." |
| 1977 |
Adams, John BertramJohn Bertram
Adams |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design
and operation of high-energy particle accelerators." |
| Huxley, Hugh EsmorHugh Esmor
Huxley |
Biology |
"In recognition of his distinguished research on the structure
of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of contraction." |
| Hirsch, PeterPeter Hirsch |
Materials science |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies of defects in
crystals and especially of his elucidation of the process of work
hardening." |
| 1978 |
Kilburn, TomTom Kilburn |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his outstanding individual and continuing
contribution to the development of computer hardware in the United
Kingdom over the last thirty years." |
| Gregory, Roderic AlfredRoderic Alfred
Gregory |
Biology |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies of the biological
activity of peptide hormones in relation to their structure." |
| Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the physics
of elementary particles with special reference to the unification
of the electromagnetic and weak interactions." |
| 1979 |
Cosslett, Vernon EllisVernon Ellis
Cosslett |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design
and development of the X-ray microscope, the scanning electron
microprobe analyser, the high voltage and ultrahigh resolution
(2.5A) electron microscopes and their applications in many
disciplines." |
| Kosterlitz, Hans WalterHans Walter
Kosterlitz |
Biology |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on narcotics leading
to the discovery in 1975 of the enkephalins." |
| Frank, CharlesCharles
Frank |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding original contributions to
the theory of crystal growth, dislocations, phase transformations
and polymers, with wide applications in physics, chemistry and
geology." |
| 1980 |
Wild, John PaulJohn Paul Wild |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his conception of the basic principles of
the Interscan aircraft instrument landing system and the guidance
of its development to a successful conclusion." |
| Harris, HenryHenry
Harris |
Medicine |
"In recognition of his development of cell fusion for the study
of somatic-cell genetics and differentiation including the genetic
control of malignancy." |
| Wilkinson, DenysDenys Wilkinson |
Physics |
"In recognition of his highly original research in nuclear
physics and of his outstanding contributions on giant resonances,
radiative widths, second-class beta decay and the fundamental
symmetries of nuclear interactions and also on
instrumentation." |
| 1981 |
Riley, RalphRalph Riley |
Genetics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to
understanding the genetics of wheat and the development of new
methods of producing improved varieties." |
| Vogt, Marthe LouiseMarthe Louise
Vogt |
Neuroscience |
"In recognition of her important contributions to synaptic
biochemistry and pharmacology which are fundamental to modern
neuropharmacology." |
| Wilkinson, GeoffreyGeoffrey
Wilkinson |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to
preparative inorganic chemistry and in particular to the synthesis
and application of organometallic compounds." |
| 1982 |
Milstein, CesarCesar
Milstein |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to
understanding the structure and genetic control of immunoglobulins;
his hybridoma technique for producing monoclonal antibodies has
revolutionized the potential practical applications of
immunology." |
| Hawthorne, WilliamWilliam Hawthorne |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to engineering
thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, and particularly the internal
aerodynamics of turbomachines." |
| Dalitz, Richard HenryRichard Henry
Dalitz |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to particle
physics, particularly in relation to the properties of strange
particles." |
| 1983 |
Bradley, Daniel JosephDaniel Joseph
Bradley |
Physics |
"In recognition of his development of the techniques of
generating ultra-short light pulses from lasers, and of picosecond
streak cameras." |
| Feldberg, Wilhelm
SiegmundWilhelm Siegmund
Feldberg |
Biology |
"In recognition of his contributions to elucidating the nature
of chemical synaptic transmission in nervous systems and the
regulating effects of hormones in peripheral systems." |
| Kingman, JohnJohn Kingman |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his distinguished researches on queuing
theory, on regenerative phenomena, and on mathematical
genetics." |
| 1984 |
Cullen, Alexander LambAlexander Lamb
Cullen |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to
microwave engineering, both theoretical and experimental, and in
particular for research on microwave antennae." |
| Lyon, MaryMary Lyon |
Genetics |
"In recognition of her distinguished contributions to the
discovery of X-chromosome inactivation as a mechanism of gene
dosage compensation." |
| Battersby, AlanAlan
Battersby |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the
elucidation of the pathway for the biosynthesis of complex natural
products." |
| 1985 |
Argyris, JohnJohn Argyris |
Engineering |
"For his great contribution to the development of finite
element analysis and its application to the solution of engineering
problems." |
| Gurdon, John BertrandJohn Bertrand
Gurdon |
Biology |
"For his outstanding contributions to the techniques of nuclear
transplantation and the use of the amphibian egg for investigations
on replication, transcription and translation of genes." |
| Penrose, RogerRoger Penrose |
Physics |
"For his fundamental contributions to the theory of
gravitational collapse and to other geometric aspects of
theoretical physics." |
| 1986 |
Ash, EricEric Ash |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his outstanding researches on acoustic
microscopy leading to wholly new techniques and substantial
improvements in resolution of acoustic microscopes." |
| Doll, RichardRichard Doll |
Physiology |
"In recognition of his pioneering use of statistical and
epidemiological techniques to evaluate environmental factors in
disease, notably that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, heart
disease and bronchitis." |
| Richards, RexRex Richards |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his many contributions, both theoretical and
instrumental, to nuclear magnetic resonance." |
| 1987 |
Born, Gustav Victor
RudolfGustav Victor Rudolf
Born |
Pharmacology |
"In recognition of his major contributions to the physiology,
pathology and pharmacology of platelets and of his widely used
methods for studying platelet function in haemostasis and
thrombosis." |
| Denton, Eric JamesEric James Denton |
Marine biology |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the
physiology of marine animals, to marine biology generally, and his
leadership of U.K. marine science." |
| Graham-Smith, FrancisFrancis
Graham-Smith |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to radio- and
optical-astronomy." |
| 1988 |
Barlow, HaroldHarold Barlow |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his distinguished research, particularly on
microwaves and waveguides, and of his lasting influence as the
founder of an unusually productive research school." |
| Watkins, WinifredWinifred Watkins |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of her fundamental contributions towards an
understanding of the biochemical genetics of carbohydrate antigens
on cell surfaces and in secreted glycoproteins." |
| Batchelor, GeorgeGeorge Batchelor |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the theory of
turbulence and turbulent diffusion, and the theory of
microhydrodynamics and colloidal suspensions." |
| 1989 |
Vane, JohnJohn
Vane |
Pharmacology |
"In recognition of his development of techniques to detect and
monitor substances in the blood that regulate the circulation, and
their application to the treatment of vascular and ischaemic
conditions." |
| Weatherall, DavidDavid Weatherall |
Medicine |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the clinical and
molecular basis of the thalassaemias, and fundamental contributions
to the unravelling of their heterogeneity." |
| Polanyi, John CharlesJohn Charles
Polanyi |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the electromagnetic
radiation emitted from chemical charges, leading to the basis of
the chemical laser process." |
| 1990 |
Zienkiewicz, Olgierd
CecilOlgierd Cecil
Zienkiewicz |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his pioneering development of the finite
element method as a general procedure of solving problems of
engineering physics and for demonstrating its success in
applications to stress analysis, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics
and many other situations." |
| McLaren, AnneAnne McLaren |
Developmental biology |
"In recognition of her distinguished research on mammalian
embryology, particularly for providing much of the scientific basis
for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and for analysing
sex determination in mammals." |
| Berry, MichaelMichael Berry |
Physics |
"In recognition of his deep and innovatory researches in
classical and quantum physics, especially the discovery of the
"Berry phase"." |
| 1991 |
Mason, JohnJohn Mason |
Physics |
"In recognition of his distinguished research on cloud physics
and, as Director-General of the Meteorological Office, his
broadening and strengthening of research in meteorology in the
UK." |
| Berridge, MichaelMichael Berridge |
Biology |
"In recognition of his discovery that inositol
1,4,5-trisphosphate functions as a second messenger to mobilize
calcium." |
| McKenzie, DanDan
McKenzie |
Geophysics |
"In recognition of his seminal role in developing a
quantitative understanding of a wide range of geophysical and
geological processes, including plate tectonics, mantle convection,
continental deformation and melt segregation." |
| 1992 |
Tabor, DavidDavid Tabor |
Physics |
"for his seminal contributions to the basic study of friction
and wear between solids, of considerable relevance to the design of
machines." |
| Epstein, AnthonyAnthony Epstein |
Medicine |
"distinguished for the isolation of the Epstein-Barr virus
which is closely associated with Burkitts lymphoma." |
| Donaldson, SimonSimon Donaldson |
Mathematics |
"distinguished for his work which has revolutionized our
understanding of four-dimensional geometry." |
| 1993 |
Hill, RodneyRodney Hill |
Applied mathematics |
"for his outstanding contribution to the theoretical mechanics
of solids, and especially the plasticity of solids." |
| Barlow, HoraceHorace Barlow |
Neuroscience |
"for his outstanding and original contributions to
electrophysiological, computational and psychophysical study of
visual sensation and perception." |
| Heine, VolkerVolker Heine |
Physics |
"In recognition of his contributions to solid state theory, in
particular the bonding and structure of solids." |
| 1994 |
Moncada, SalvadorSalvador Moncada |
Pharmacology |
"for his contributions to pharmacology and the discovery of
basic mechanisms of signal transmission relevant to drug
action." |
| Mansfield, EricEric Mansfield |
Aeronautics |
"for his many fundamental and analytical contributions to our
knowledge of advanced aeronautical structures, and more recently to
the biological sciences." |
| Chandrasekhar,
SivaramakrishnaSivaramakrishna
Chandrasekhar |
Physics |
"his many new discoveries in the understanding of liquid
crystals, for a synthesis of the subject of his seminal book, "The
invention of discotic liquid crystals", and for elucidating their
remarkable properties." |
| 1995 |
Metcalf, DonaldDonald Metcalf |
Medicine |
"In recognition of his discovery of colony stimulating factors
which regulate the growth and differentiation of normal
hematopoietic and leukemic cells." |
| Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his work on the control of the cell cycle in
eukaryotic cells by his discovery of the identity and function of
genes that regulate the key control points in the process of cell
proliferation." |
| Williams, Robert JRobert J
Williams |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his contributions in clearly presenting the
role of inorganic elements in biological systems." |
| 1996 |
Hinde, RobertRobert Hinde |
Zoology |
"In recognition of his contributions to the field of animal
behaviour and the dominant influence it achieved on the emerging
field of ethology." |
| Heslop-Harrison, JackJack
Heslop-Harrison |
Botany |
"In recognition of his pioneering work in plant reproductive
biology, in particular the areas of taxonomy and ecology, whole
plant physiology, development of sub-cellular systems in somatic
and reproductive cells, pollen/stigma interactions and acto/myosin
transport systems within the pollen tube." |
| Wiles, AndrewAndrew
Wiles |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his achievements in number theory, in
particular Fermats Last Theorem and his achievements in algebraic
number theory particularly the celebrated main conjecture on
cyclotomic fields." |
| 1997 |
Eglinton, GeoffreyGeoffrey Eglinton |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his contribution to our understanding of the
way in which chemicals move from the living biosphere to the fossil
geosphere, in particular the origin, genesis, maturation and
migration of oil which has had great repercussions on the petroleum
industry." |
| Smith, John MaynardJohn Maynard
Smith |
Biology |
"In recognition of his theoretical contributions to
evolutionary biology, combining mathematics and biology to develop
a sound understanding in such fields as population dynamics,
paleobiology, ethology, behavioural ecology, bacteriology and
genetics." |
| Perkins, Donald HillDonald Hill
Perkins |
Physics |
"In recognition of his contributions to experimental particle
physics, in particular the elucidation of the structure of the
nucleon on the basis of observations of neutrino interactions, the
quark substructure of the nucleon, and production of the first
quantitative evidence for the validity of Quantum Chromodynamics
(QCD)." |
| 1998 |
Southern, EdwinEdwin Southern |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his development of the method of
transferring spatial patterns of DNA fragments from the
electrophoretic separation medium to membranes on which the
hybridisation could occur known as southern blotting, now a
fundamental technique in molecular biology." |
| Miledi, RicardoRicardo Miledi |
Neuroscience |
"In recognition of his many important discoveries in cellular
and molecular physiology which have greatly advanced our knowledge
of synaptic transmission in the nervous system and of long term
effects of trophic interaction between neurones and effector
cells." |
| Bradley, Donald
CharltonDonald Charlton
Bradley |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular
chemistry of metal-alkoxides and metal-amides, their synthesis,
structure and bonding, and for his studies of their conversions to
metal-oxides and metal-nitrides, processes which now find common
place applications in materials science, especially in the fields
of microelectronics and chemical vapour deposition." |
| 1999 |
Davidson, John FrankJohn Frank
Davidson |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished work over many years in
chemical engineering, including fluid flow, process dynamics, gas
absorption and fluidization technology which has been concerned
with real problems of industrial significance." |
| Wall, Patrick DavidPatrick David
Wall |
Neuroscience |
"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to our
knowledge of the somatosensory system and, in particular, pain
mechanisms, where his insights led to the therapeutic use of
electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, dorsal columns of the
spinal cord, and brain stem for the control of pain, methods that
are now in widespread use." |
| Howie, ArchibaldArchibald Howie |
Physics |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the
development and application of electron microscopy of materials,
and to the underlying theories of electron scattering, in
particular his extensive contributions to inelastic scattering
theory, his systematic high resolution microscope studies of
amorphous materials, his introduction of the concept of coherence
volume for hollow cone dark field imaging and his pioneering use of
a high angle annular dark field detector to image small catalyst
particles." |
| 2000 |
Berners-Lee, TimothyTimothy
Berners-Lee |
Computer
science |
"In recognition of his invention and subsequent development of
the World Wide Web, designing the universal resource locator (URL),
an addressing system to give each Web page a unique location and
the two protocols HTTP and HTML." |
| Burnstock, GeoffreyGeoffrey
Burnstock |
Neuroscience |
"In recognition of his development of new hypotheses
challenging the accepted views on autonomic neurotransmission,
leading to new advances in the understanding of purinergic
neurotransmission." |
| Ingold, Keith UsherwoodKeith Usherwood
Ingold |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his work in elucidating the mechanism of
reactions involving free radicals." |
| 2001 |
Gardner, RichardRichard Gardner |
Biology |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on microsurgery of the
mouse blastocyst which laid the foundation for major advances in
biological knowledge, both in developmental biology and in
understanding of gene function." |
| Horn, GabrielGabriel Horn |
Biology |
"In recognition of his work on the neurobiological mechanisms
of behavioural imprinting, embracing molecular, cellular,
anatomical, electrophysiological and ethological approaches to
learning and memory." |
| Edwards, SamSam Edwards |
Physics |
"In recognition of his enormous influence across a wide
spectrum of physical sciences, particularly theoretical condensed
matter physics." |
| 2002 |
Peto, RichardRichard Peto |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his outstanding work on the epidemiology of
smoking and chronic disease." |
| Cory, SuzanneSuzanne Cory |
Genetics |
"In recognition of her distinguished work on the molecular
basis of cancer. She pioneered the use of transgenic mice to
elucidate the role of various oncogenes in lymphoid
malignancies." |
| Freeman, RayRay Freeman |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his seminal contributions to the development
and understanding of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods" |
| 2003 |
Skehel, JohnJohn Skehel |
Virology |
"In recognition of his pioneering research into virology. His
studies and discoveries in the mechanisms by which influenza virus
binds to the host cell, and in virus-cell membrane fusion have had
a fundamental impact on the field." |
| Johnson, KennethKenneth Johnson |
Engineering |
"In recognition of his outstanding work in the field of contact
mechanics. His work his characterised by elegant experiments,
skilful analyses and insightful explanations of observed
phenomena." |
| Shackleton, NicholasNicholas
Shackleton |
Geology |
"in recognition of his seminal contributions to the fields of
paleoceanography and geochemistry." |
| 2004 |
Black, JamesJames Black |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his work in both academia and industry,
pioneering a new era of rational drug discovery." |
| Jeffreys, AlecAlec Jeffreys |
Genetics |
"In recognition of his outstanding discoveries and inventions
which have had major impacts on large areas of genetics. " |
| Lewis, JackJack
Lewis |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his distinguished career in the field of
inorganic chemistry over the last 50 years, mainly in the area of
the transition elements." |
| 2005 |
Pepper, MichaelMichael Pepper |
Physics |
"In recognition of his work which has had the highest level of
influence in condensed matter physics and has resulted in the
creation of the modern field of semiconductor nanostructures." |
| Pawson, AnthonyAnthony Pawson |
Biology |
"In recognition of his discoveries which have revealed the
principles underlying cell signalling, and have been pivotal in
understanding pathological states such as cancer." |
| Fisher, MichaelMichael Fisher |
Physics |
"In recognition of his seminal contributions to wetting
transitions, dislocation melting and criticality of ionic solutions
and many other topics in Statistical Mechanics." |
| 2006 |
Baulcombe, DavidDavid Baulcombe |
Botany |
"In recognition of his profoundly significant recent
discoveries for not only plants but for all of biology and for
medicine." |
| Hunt, TimTim Hunt |
Biochemistry |
"discovering a key aspect of cell cycle control, the protein
cyclin which is a component of cyclin dependent kinases,
demonstrating his ability to grasp the significance of the result
outside his immediate sphere of interest." |
| Pendry, JohnJohn Pendry |
Physics |
"In recognition of his seminal contributions in surface
sciences, disordered systems, photonics and most recently in
metamaterials and the concept of the perfect lens." |
| 2007 |
Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl |
Medicine |
"making fundamental contributions to our understanding of DNA
repair. His achievements stand out for their great originality,
breadth and lasting influence." |
| Hilsum, CyrilCyril Hilsum |
Physics |
"In recognition of his many outstanding contributions and for
continuing to use his prodigious talents on behalf of industry,
government and academe to this day." |
| Feast, JamesJames Feast |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to chemical
synthesis with far reaching implications, particularly for the
field of functional polymeric materials." |
| 2008 |
Hedges, RobertRobert Hedges |
Archeology |
"In recognition of his contribution to the rapid development of
accelerator mass spectrometry and radiocarbon dating
techniques." |
| Cohen, PhilipPhilip Cohen |
Biochemistry |
"In recognition of his major contribution to our understanding
of the role of protein phosphorylation in cell regulation." |
| Fersht, AlanAlan Fersht |
Chemistry |
"In recognition of his seminal work in protein engineering,
which he has developed into a fundamental tool in enzyme analysis
and the problem of protein folding." |
| 2009 |
Rao, ChintamaniChintamani
Rao |
Chemistry |
"For his highly innovative and diverse contributions to
solid-state and materials chemistry." |
| Laskey, RonaldRonald Laskey |
Molecular Biology |
"For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of the
control of DNA replication and nuclear protein transport, which has
led to a novel screening method for cancer diagnosis." |
| Dobson, ChrisChris Dobson |
Biophysics |
"For his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the
mechanisms of protein folding and mis-folding, and the implications
for disease." |
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