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For the term "fist fight" in the sense of unarmed combat involving fists, see punch (strike) and hand to hand combat.
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.Russian fist fighting (Russian - Кулачный бой, Kulachniy Boy) is an ancient Russian combat sport similar to modern boxing.^ Fist fighting in Russian popular culture .
  • Boston University School of Theology 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Russian fist fighting ( Russian - Кулачный бой, Kulachniy Boy) is an ancient Russian combat sport similar to modern boxing .
  • Boston University School of Theology 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fist fighting in USSR (Rare video) About the sport from the Russian ethnic games collection (Russian) Fist fighting in ancient Rus (Russian) A fist fighting fan-club (Russian) Kievan federation of fist fighting (Ukrainian)(Russian) A downloadable book about Russian fist fighting (Russian) An article about the Russian fist fighting (Russian) .
  • Boston University School of Theology 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 It has existed since the times of Kievan Rus', but has since lost much of its popularity in the 20th Century.[1]

Contents

History

The earliest accounts concerning the sport indicate it was developed as late as the 13th Century.[2] Before the Christianization of Kievan Rus', fist fighting contests were often held at celebrations dedicated to Perun. [3] That is why the Metropholite Kiril, in 1274, created another one of many personally-instituted rules, declaring expulsion from Christianity for any of those who fist-fight and do not sing a prayer or hymn at the burial of someone who died during a fist fight. [4] The government itself never supported, but also never opposed fist fighting. [4]
Russian boyars used the sport as mass entertainment, and acquired the best fighters for competitions.[5]
The fights most often took place in holiday times and in crowded places. At winter it took place on ice. First the young children fought, then every pair was more grown up then the previous, and the last fighters were the most notable fist fighters.[6][7]
In two orders released in 1684 and 1686 fist fighting was forbidden, but the sport continued to live.[8][9]
All regions had their heroes at that sport, but the region with the most famous once historically is Tula.[10][11]
There are documents saying Peter the Great liked to organize fist fights "in order to show the ability of the Russian people". [12]
.In 1751, a mass fist fight took place on a street in Sankt Petersburg, about which the queen Elizabeth of Russia found out.^ Then Spalko says later that more skulls were found in Russia and other places.
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 After that the queen forbade the organization of fist fights on the territory of Moscow and Sankt Petersburg [4]
During Catherine the Great, the popularity of fist fighting was growing again, [12] and it is said that count Orlov was a good fist fighter himself and even invited notable fist fighters to compare powers. [12]
In 1832, Nicholas I of Russia completely forbade fist fights as "harmful fun". [4]

Legacy

In 1941 the most important then Soviet specialist in Boxing, K.V. Gradopolov, wrote a book about the right way to fight with fists. In that book, he offered a new exercise, called "group boxing", and he mentioned it was an ancient Russian sport (what he talked about was the "Stenka na Stenku" version).[13]

Rules and types

An illustration of the "Wall on Wall" (Stenka na Stenku) type.
.Every region in Russia incorporated different rules unlike the sport of boxing.^ These rules differ from traditional Sport Sambo in that they allow choke holds and other submissions from Combat Sambo that are not permitted in Sport Sambo.
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 In some places they fought with bare arms, while in other they stretched the sleeves over the fists. There were cases where participants would cheat by putting iron under their sleeves.[14]
.There are three types of Russian fist fighting: the first is the singles type, a one-on-one fight; the second type is a team fight also known as "wall on wall". The third one, "catch drop", was the least practiced.^ He was one of the first foreigners to learn Judo in Japan and had earned his nidan (second degree black belt out of then five) from judo's founder, Kano Jigoro.
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 ^ Russian fist fighting Sambo Systema Spetsnaz GRU hand-to-hand combat style .
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 ^ If that bomb can't destroy Indy then how can a Russian fist-fighting him can?
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 [15][16] There were several versions of the singles fight. .One version was like modern boxing, when one fighter hits the other wherever he wants or can.^ If he didn't call people "f**king idiots," and respected others' opinions like he'd want his opinion to be respected, then maybe he would not be ganged up on.
  • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [Archive] - Page 42 - The Superhero Hype! Boards 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC forums.superherohype.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Just the little looks that Indy and Mutt would give each other throughout the film and how they'd see the similarities in one another, I really liked that.
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 The other version is when everyone hits at a turn. Escape from punch, answering it not on turn, move aside were not allowed. .All could be done was to use the hands to try to protect the more painful areas.^ Although Indy could've used whip more(as far as I can remember..i only remember using the whip once throughout the whole movie.
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 [17] Victory could come in few cases: when one of the fighters falls, till first blood, or till one of the fighters gives up.[18]
The "wall-on-wall" fight (with anywhere from dozen to several hundreds participants) was performed strictly by rules and could go on for hours. Both "walls" had a chief fighter, who served as a tactician and a commanding officer. "Walls" themselves were tight straight formations 3-4 ranks deep. Repeated attacks were performed, aiming to push the opposing "wall" out of the game area. Basic tactics were used, such as breaching using heavy fighters (who were usually held in reserve), encircling, false retreat and others; but as a rule, tight wall formation never broke. Tactics also included battle planning. The "wall-on-wall" fights, while performed for entertainment, were in fact close to military training. For example, notable ethnographer V. Gilyarovsky recalled that during his voluntary service in an infantry regiment soldiers often staged wall-on-wall fistfights with factory workers.[19]
A famous phrase in Russian, "Do not hit a man when he's down", has roots in that sport.[20]

Fist fighting in Russian popular culture

"Fistfight" (Kulachniy Boy), a painting by Viktor Vasnetsov.
.Since for centuries fist fighting was so popular and was such a part of the Russian folk life,[21] it was many times mentioned in Russian literature and art.^ Part of the series on Russian martial arts .
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 ^ Russian fist fighting Sambo Systema Spetsnaz GRU hand-to-hand combat style .
  • Mixed Martials Arts | Subfighter Mixed Martial Arts Social Network 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC www.subfighter.com [Source type: News]
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 ^ If that bomb can't destroy Indy then how can a Russian fist-fighting him can?
  • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [Archive] - Page 42 - The Superhero Hype! Boards 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC forums.superherohype.com [Source type: General]
The most famous portrayal of a Russian fistfight is the M. Lermontov's The Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov poem. In it, the fistfight is used as a form of honor duel between an oprichnik (government police agent) and a merchant. .It is notable that, according to Lermontov both characters use combat gloves (rukavitsy — reinforced mittens).^ Bayman and Leon of the Dead or Alive game series both use Combat Sambo.
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 .Though it may be an example of poetic license, poem states that the first connected strike bent a large bronze cross hanging from combatant's neck, and the second fractured opponent's temple, effectively killing him.^ This may be largely semantics, since only he had the longevity and political connections to remain with the art while the new system was named "Sambo".
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 ^ On my second viewing, when I was watching the part when all you see is the destruction of the temple and Indy witnessing it, it feels your with him while everything in front of Indy is happening and your seeing it with him.
  • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [Archive] - Page 42 - The Superhero Hype! Boards 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC forums.superherohype.com [Source type: General]
.In the 19th century Sergei Aksakov watched famous fist fights in the Kuban frozen lake in Kazan, and later wrote about them in his "Story about student life". After many decades at the same lake in a "Wall on Wall" fought the young future world-famous opera singer Feodor Chaliapin, and he later wrote about it: "From one side came we, the Russians of Kazan, from the other side the nice people Tatars.^ And considering I first saw that movie in 1982 and the ending still made me cry when I watched it on TV about 20 minutes ago, and that Close Encounters still one of the best alien movies ever made...I tend to trust him with alien stories.
  • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [Archive] - Page 42 - The Superhero Hype! Boards 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC forums.superherohype.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Russian fist fighting Sambo Systema Spetsnaz GRU hand-to-hand combat style .
  • Mixed Martials Arts | Subfighter Mixed Martial Arts Social Network 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC www.subfighter.com [Source type: News]
  • Boston University School of Theology 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If that bomb can't destroy Indy then how can a Russian fist-fighting him can?
  • Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [Archive] - Page 42 - The Superhero Hype! Boards 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC forums.superherohype.com [Source type: General]

 We fought hard without feeling sorry for yourself, but never broke the historic rules of not to hit the one that is already done, not to hit with the legs, and not to put iron under the sleeves".[22] In a more mature age, the young Feodor Chaliapin was attacked by someone who wanted a female Feodor Chaliapin gained, but thanks to knowing fist fighting he won. He wrote: "He jumped to beat me, and even thought I was afraid of the police, learning fist fighting at the frozen lakes of Kazan helped me, and he humiliatingly lost".[23]
.The Russian poet Sergei Yesenin in his autobiography notes "About myself" told that his grandfather taught him fist fighting.^ If that bomb can't destroy Indy then how can a Russian fist-fighting him can?
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 ^ Fighting in the Jungle Spalko incorporates a lot of sexual innuendo in her fight with Mutt, teasing him about his youth.
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 ^ Russian fist fighting Sambo Systema Spetsnaz GRU hand-to-hand combat style .
  • Mixed Martials Arts | Subfighter Mixed Martial Arts Social Network 20 November 2009 22:17 UTC www.subfighter.com [Source type: News]

 [24]
One of the heroes in the book "Thief" by the Soviet novelist Leonid Leonov said: "In childhood, it happened, only in fist fights I found real friends... And was never wrong! Because only in a fight the whole human nature comes out".[25]

Trivia

  • There was a claim brought up that the Russian nobility preferred fistfights over duels, but the scholars show that the nobility actually were against fistfights and preferred weapons.[26]

See also

Martial arts by focus
.Martial arts are listed by area of primary focus.^ Martial arts are listed by area of primary focus.
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 ^ Martial arts by focus .
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 ^ Also the first primary trainer for the Russia Top Team, the mixed martial arts team for which Fedor Emelianenko, Aleksander Emelianenko, and Sergei Kharitonov all were members.
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 Note that they may include training in the other areas.
Striking
Grappling
Weaponry
Mixed, hybrid,
and multi-discipline
For a full list of articles see the List of martial arts
Martial arts by country of origin
• The Martial Arts Portal •
   
No single origin:
Archery • Boxing • Fencing • Kickboxing • Silat • Stick fighting • Wrestling

References

  1. ^ http://istina.rin.ru/cgi-bin/print.pl?sait=6&id=2855 "Летописцы наши говорят об ней, еще в начале XIII в." (Our sources talked about it already at the 13th Century)
  2. ^ http://istina.rin.ru/cgi-bin/print.pl?sait=6&id=2855 "Летописцы наши говорят об ней, еще в начале XIII в." (Our sources talked about it already at the 13th century)
  3. ^ Template:Книга
  4. ^ a b c d "Русская цивилизация". К истории кулачных боёв. http://www.rustrana.ru/article.php?nid=3006. Retrieved 28 августа 2008.  
  5. ^ http://bibliotekar.ru/rusSaharov/129.htm "Было время, когда русские бояре, собравшись повеселиться, свозили из разных городов бойцов для потешения." (There was a time when Russian boyars when came together to have fun, brought from different cities fighters for fun)
  6. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "лишь постепенно вводились в дело все более сильные отряды. Первыми выходили ребятишки, затем подростки, юноши, неженатые парни, а уж затем - взрослые мужчины." (Only after a while the strongest once were brought. The first were the kids, then teens, then lads, and only then grown up man)
  7. ^ http://fist.com.ua/history/fisticuffs.php "Бои происходили обыкновенно в праздничные дни и при жилых местах, а зимой чаще всего на льду. Сначала пускали вперед как бы застрельщиков, мальчишек. За ними мало-по-малу группировались более взрослые, но главная партия противников оставалась в резерве, особенно известные по своей силе и искусству бойцы." (The fights usually took place at holidays and in rural areas, and in winter most often on ice. First the boys were let in, and then more and more grown ups. The best fighters were kept for the end)
  8. ^ Robert Nisbet, Bain (1897). The Pupils of Peter the Great: A History of the Russian Court and Empire from 1697 to 1740. Westminster: A. Constable and Co.. pp. 89. ISBN 978-0548050071. http://books.google.com/books?id=7NQKAAAAIAAJ.   ...Thus a Ukaz was issued to put a stop to the brutality of the Kulachny boi, or fist-fight. This popular game was not abolished, but those who chose to amuse themselves thereby, were to do so, in future, under police supervision...
  9. ^ http://istina.rin.ru/cgi-bin/print.pl?sait=6&id=2855 "Указами 1684 года ноября 2, 1686 года марта 19 и другими, строго воспрещались кулачные бои... Было время, что старики, воспламеняя умы молодых людей, несбыточными рассказами об удальстве бойцов, пробуждали в них страсть к кулачному бою." (With orders released in 1684, and 1686, Fist fights were forbidden... The old people, with their stories about the sport encouraged the young people to continue with it)
  10. ^ http://istina.rin.ru/cgi-bin/print.pl?sait=6&id=2855 "Тульские бойцы и ныне славятся, но каждое место имело своих удальцов." (Tulas fighters were always glorious, but every place had its heroes)
  11. ^ http://bibliotekar.ru/rusSaharov/129.htm "Лучшими бойцами один на один считались тульские" (The best fighters in one on one were considered Tulas fighters)
  12. ^ a b c "Интернет-портал «Легендарный Физтех», «Физтех-центр»". Краткий исторический обзор развития бокса как вида спорта. http://boxing.fizteh.ru/papers/romanenko/glava01.html?xsl:print=1. Retrieved 30 августа 2008.  
  13. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "1941 году ведущий советский специалист по боксу К. В. Градополов рассказывал в своей книге о методах обучения воинов кулачному прикладному искусству. Предлагалось там такое необычное упражнение, как «групповой бокс». Автор прямо указывал, что «прообразом группового бокса (организованного и ограниченного определенными правилами) является русский самобытный народный спорт «стенка на стенку»." (In 1941 the leading Soviet specialist in boxing K.V. Gradopolov told in his box about methods to teach soldiers how to fight with fists. He there offered a new exercise, "group boxing". He their said that the prototype of the "group boxing" was the Russian folk sport "Wall on Wall")
  14. ^ http://bibliotekar.ru/rusSaharov/129.htm "Часто случалось, что хитрые и слабые бойцы закладывали в рукавицы бабки-чугунки для поражения противников." (Often it occurred, that weak fighters inserted iron into their sleeves)
  15. ^ http://bibliotekar.ru/rusSaharov/129.htm "Кулачные бои совершались разными видами. Более всех почитался: бой один на один, за ним—стена на стену, а менее всех сцеплялка-свалка." (There were different types of fist fighting. The most famous was a one one one, after him the wall on wall, and the most least famous the catch-drop)
  16. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Кулачный бой практиковался у нас в трех формах: один на один («сам на сам»), стенка на стенку и «сцеплялка–свалка»." (Fist fighting was practiced in three ways. One on one, wall on wall, and catch-drop)
  17. ^ http://fist.com.ua/history/fisticuffs.php "Также существовал кулачный бой "удар на удар" или "раз за раз", когда противники наносили удары по очереди. Уклоняться от удара, отвечать на него, переступать ногами запрещалось, можно было лишь прикрыть руками наиболее уязвимые места." (There was also a fist fighting type "hit on hit" or "one for one", when the opponents gave punches on turn. Evading a punch, answering it not on turn, moving one's legs was not allowed. All could be done was to use the hands to try to protect the more painful areas)
  18. ^ http://fist.com.ua/history/fisticuffs.php "Бились по различным правилам: - до сбивания на землю ударом (до трех сбиваний) - до первой крови - до сдачи противника и признания своего поражения. Также существовал кулачный бой "удар на удар" или "раз за раз", когда противники наносили удары по очереди. Уклоняться от удара, отвечать на него, переступать ногами запрещалось, можно было лишь прикрыть руками наиболее уязвимые места." (There were different types of rules. 1. Till one falls. 2. Till first blood. 3. Till one gives up.")
  19. ^ [Кулачный бой на Руси Спортивная жизнь magazine, №7 1998 http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm]
  20. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Одно из правил кулачного боя стало даже пословицей, символизирующей русское благородство в бою: «Лежачего не бьют»." (One of the rules of fist fighting even turned into a well-known phrase, which showed the Russian nobility: "Do not hit a man when he's down")
  21. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Широчайшей географией кулачных боев, их повсеместным распространением объяснялось то, что кроме русских в них со временем стали принимать участие и представители иных национальностей, обитавших в России: древняя чудь, татары, мордовцы. И многие другие." (The wide territory the fist fight was practiced on brought the the sport to other nations like the Tatars, Mordvins, and many others)
  22. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Еще в 1806 году С. Т. Аксаков наблюдал знаменитые кулачные бои в Казани, на льду озера Кабан, и впоследствии описал их в своем «Рассказе о студенческой жизни». А через восемь десятилетий в тех же боях азартно дрался великий русский артист Ф. И. Шаляпин. Уже увенчанный мировой славой, он делился дорогими его сердцу воспоминаниями: «Сходились с одной стороны мы, казанская Русь, с другой - добродушные татары. Дрались отчаянно, не щадя ни себя, ни противников. Но и в горячке яростной битвы никогда не нарушали установленных искони правил: лежачего не бить, присевшего на корточки - тоже, ногами не драться, тяжести в рукавицы не прятать»." (Already back in the 19th century Sergei Aksakov watched famous fist fights in the Kuban frozen lake in Kazan, and later wrote about them in his "Story about student life". After many decades at the same lake in a "Wall on Wall" fought the young future world-famous opera singer Feodor Chaliapin, and he later wrote about it: "From one side came we, the Russians of Kazan, from the other side the nice people Tatars. We fought hard without feeling sorry for ourself, but never broke the historic rules of not to hit the one that is already done, not to hit with the legs, and not to put iron under the sleeves")
  23. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Однажды, когда Федор уже начал взрослеть, навыки кулачного боя выручили его в критической ситуации. Его несчастный соперник в любви - городовой - попытался было поколотить начинающего хориста, но тот вовсе не забыл, как хаживал в стенке на озере Кабан, и крепко проучил блюстителя порядка. «Он бросился бить меня. Но хотя я очень боялся полиции, однако опыт казанских кулачных боев послужил мне на пользу, и городовой был посрамлен»." (In a more mature age, the young Feodor Chaliapin was attacked by someone who wanted a female Feodor Chaliapin gained, but thanks to knowing fist fighting he won. He wrote: "He jumped to beat me, and even though I was afraid of the police, learning fist fighting at the frozen lakes of Kazan helped me, and he humiliatingly lost")
  24. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "«Дедушка иногда сам поддразнивал на кулачку и часто говорил бабке: «Ты у меня, дура, его не трожь, он так крепче будет!». Так написал сам поэт в автобиографических заметках «О себе»." (Sometimes my grandfather teased me to fist fight and told my grandmother: "You, my stupid, don't touch him. That way he'll be tougher". That's what the poet himself wrote in the autobiographic notes "About Myself")
  25. ^ http://www.infosport.ru/Press/SZR/0798/topic1.htm "Один из героев его романа «Вор» говорит: «В мальчишестве, бывало, только на кулашнике и подберешь себе приятеля... И ведь ни разу не ошибался! Это оттого, что именно в бою «вся людская повадка насквозь видна»." (One of the heroes in the book "Thief" by the Soviet novelist Leonid Leonov said: "In childhood, it happened, only in fist fights I found real friends... And was never wrong! Because only in a fight the whole human nature comes out")
  26. ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/3086132 "There was a claim brought up that the Russian nobility preferred fistfights over duels, which is a lie because they have seen fist fighting as disgraceful"

External links


Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 16, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Fisting, which are similar to those in the above article.








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