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San Juan

Location of San Juan Island in the San Juans
Geography
San Juan Island (Washington)
Location	Pacific Northwest
Coordinates	48°32′N 123°05′W / 48.533°N 123.083°W / 48.533; -123.083Coordinates: 48°32′N 123°05′W / 48.533°N 123.083°W / 48.533; -123.083
Archipelago	San Juan Islands
Area	55.053 sq mi (142.59 km2)
Highest point	Mount Dallas (1,080 feet (330 m))
Country
United States
State	Washington
County	San Juan County
Largest city	Friday Harbor (pop. 2,103)
Demographics
Population	6,822 (as of 2000)
Density	47.84 /km2 (123.9 /sq mi)

San Juan Island is the second-largest and most populous of the San Juan Islands in northwestern Washington, United States. It has a land area of 142.59 km² (55.053 sq mi) and a population of 6,822 as of the 2000 census.

Washington State Ferries serves Friday Harbor, which is San Juan Island's major population center, the San Juan County seat, and the only incorporated town in the islands.

Scheduled seaplane services operate regularly to Friday Harbor from Seattle Lake Union and Kenmore, WA.

History

The name "San Juan" comes from the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza, who named the archipelago Isla y Archiepelago de San Juan to honor his patron, Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo. One of the officers under Eliza's command, Gonzalo López de Haro, was the first European to discover San Juan Island itself. The American explorer Charles Wilkes renamed the island Rodgers Island, but the Spanish name was kept on British charts and became the standard.^[1]

San Juan Island has one weekly newspaper^[2], many farms, and an economy where tourism plays a major role.

The only major commercial establishment outside of Friday Harbor is the village and resort of Roche Harbor on the northwest side of the island.

Other notable landmarks are the old British and American Camps at opposite ends of the island which together comprise the San Juan Island National Historical Park, which commemorates the 1859 "Pig War". Interpretive centers and reconstructed buildings, formal gardens, etc. recall the history of early European settlement in the area.

The University of Washington runs a marine research lab and campus^[3] outside of Friday harbor. The campus has been extant since 1909 and has dorms, food services and lecture classrooms.

References

External links

• San Juan Island Chamber of Commerce
• San Juan Island at the Open Directory Project
• San Juan Island Heritage Historical collections from the San Juan Island Library District and local partners.
• American Biography A New Cyclopedia VOL 5 Page 28 San Juan Island and Northwest Boundary Survey by Archibald Campbell led to it being in USA instead of Canada

From Wikitravel

San Juan Island is in the San Juan Islands region of Washington State. It contains the county seat for San Juan County, which covers all of the San Juan Islands.

• Friday Harbor - county seat for San Juan County
• Roche Harbor

Understand

As early as 1845 the Hudson's Bay Company, based at Fort Victoria, had posted a notice of possession on San Juan Island. In 1851 it established a salmon-curing station there and, two years later, a sheep ranch called Belle Vue Farm. About the same time, the Territorial Legislature of Oregon (which then included the present State of Washington) declared San Juan Island to be within its territorial limits, and in January 1853 incorporated it into Island County. In March 1853, Washington Territory having been created, San Juan Island was attached to Whatcom, its northernmost county.

By 1859 there were about 18 Americans on San Juan Island. They were settled on redemption claims which they expected the U.S. Government to recognize as valid, but which the British considered illegal. That crisis came on June 15, 1859, when an American settler named Lyman Cutlar shot and killed a pig belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company because it was rooting in his garden. When British authorities threatened to arrest Cutlar, American citizens drew up a petition requesting U.S. military protection. The subsequent military buildup caused each side to keep adding more military to the island. When word of the crisis reached Washington, officials there were shocked that the simple action of an irate farmer had grown into an explosive international incident. President James Buchanan sent Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, commanding general of the U.S. Army, to investigate and try to contain the affair. He was able to get both sides, the British and the American to agree to joint military occupation until the issue could be settled.

San Juan Island remained under joint military occupation for the next 12 years. In 1871, when Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Washington, the San Juan question was referred to Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany for settlement. The kaiser referred the issue to a three-man arbitration commission who met for nearly a year in Geneva. On October 21, 1872, the commission, through the kaiser, ruled in favor of the United States, establishing the boundary line through Haro Strait. Thus the San Juan Islands became American possessions and the final boundary between Canada and the United States was set.

Many of San Juan Island's roads trace sheep runs cut by Hudson's Bay Company workers. They were led, in part, by Fort Victoria Chief Factor and colonial Gov. James Douglas, from 1853 to 1859. Many of the workers were Cowichan Indians from Vancouver Island.

Get in

Most people arrive via Washington State ferry from Anacortes. Some arrive via ferry from Sidney, on Vancouver Island, BC. A few arrive via small plane or their own boat.

• San Juan Island National Historical Park - here in 1859 the United States and Great Britain nearly went to war over a dead pig, two visitors centers, one located at American Camp on Cattle Pont Road, the primary southbound road on the island, and the other at English Camp, off West Valley Road, between Yachthaven and Roche Harbor roads

• SanjuanislandsTV.com, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 (San Juan Islands Travel and Visitor Information), [1]. Streaming video website with news, links, and information on what to see and do, where to eat, shop, and stay, and how to get to the San Juan Islands.  edit

• Award Winning Sea Kayak Tours With a location downtown where the ferry drops you off. Discovery Sea Kayaks has been running tours with routes that deliver the opportunity to see one of the three Orca Pods that travel there region. Highly experienced naturalist guides will provide an safe and educational kayak adventure. 360-378-2559, info@discoveryseakayak.com National Geographic Adventure Award Winning Kayak Tours

• Orca Whale Watching from Sea Kayaks Biologist guides lead tours to the prime orca whale watching waters. Abundant seals, eagles, and other marine wildlife. Tour lengths range from a half-day up to 2, 3 and 5 day camping trips to the smaller islands. 360-378-5767 or 888-589-4253, whales@sea-quest-kayak.com Kayaking with Orcas Whales from San Juan Island

• Birding and Bird-watching Tours Local bird book author/biologist Mark Lewis guides birding tours throughout the San Juan Islands, home to 300 species of birds. Tour lengths from half-day to full day to multi-days. 360-378-5767 or 888-589-4253, whales@sea-quest-kayak.com Birding Tours on San Juan Island

Lime Kiln Point

• Lime Kiln Point Lime Kiln Point is a 36-acre day-use park set on the west side of San Juan Island. The park is considered one of the best places in the world to view whales from a land-based facility. Orca whales are common in the waters off Lime Kiln. The park, which features a richly diverse environment, includes the remnants and landscapes of a history filled with change, along the rocky shoreline and through the wooded uplands.
• San Juan Safaris Whale Watching (Whale Watching & Wildlife Tours), 2 Spring Street Lainding (steps from the ferry), ☎ 800.450.6858, [2]. 8 am to 8 pm. see wild orca whales (80 + resident orca), seals, porpoise, dolphin, eagles, blue heron, rafts of sea birds. New, fast 55 foot boat with lrg windowed cabin, walk around deck and bathroom. Excellent reputation for respectful wildlife viewing. Fun@SanJuanSafaris.com $49 and up. (48.32.07,123.00.56) edit
• Adventure Attractions North West (Whale Watch, Fish, Kayak, Flight See), San Juan Island, ☎ 800.450.6858, [3]. 8 to 8. Outdoor Activities in the Pacific Northwest. Whale Watching, Kayaking, Fishing, Flight Seeing, Bicycling and more. Go@AdventureAttractionsNorthWest.com $79 and up.  edit
• Wandering around in Friday Harbor is a good way to while away an afternoon, perhaps as you wait for the ferry. Funk and Junk on Nichols Street has an eclectic mix of interesting finds, there are several new and used book stores, 2 bakeries (one on Mullis, the other on Nichols Street), the Doctor's Office and Roy's are two favorite coffee joints....

• Adventure Attractions North West (Whale Watch, Kayak, Fish, Bike, Flight See), po box 2749, ☎ 800.450.6858, [4]. 8 to 8. Outdoor Adventure in the Pacific North West - Whale Watching, Kayaking, Fishing, Flight Seeing, Biking and more. Go@AdventureAttractionsNorthWest.com $75 and up.  edit
• San Juan Safaris Whale Watching (See Wild Orca Whales), 2 spring street landing (steps from the ferry), ☎ 800.450.6858, [5]. 8 to 8. See orca whales in their home environment. Over 80 resident whales that live off San Juan Island May to September. New, fast 55 foot boat, heated windowed cabin, walk around deck, seating on bow and stern. Fun@SanJuanSafaris.com $49 and up. (48.32.07,123.00.56) edit