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Saw
A crosscut hand saw about 620 mm (24 inches) long
Classification	Cutting
Types	Hand saw Back saw Bow saw Circular saw Reciprocating saw Band saw
Related	Milling cutter

A saw is a tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an abrasive edge to cut through softer materials. The cutting edge of a saw is either a serrated blade or an abrasive. A saw may be worked by hand, or powered by steam, water, electric or other power.

Saw terminology

Diagram showing the teeth of a saw blade when looking front-on. The teeth protrude to the left and right, so that the saw cut (kerf) is wider than the blade width. The term set describes how much the teeth protrude.

• Heel: The end closest to the handle.
• Toe: The end farthest from the handle.
• Front: The side with the teeth (the "bottom edge").
• Back: Opposite the front ("top edge").
• Teeth: Small sharp points along the cutting side of the saw.
• Gullet: Valley between the points of the teeth
• Fleam: The angle of the faces of the teeth relative to a line perpendicular to the face of the saw.
• Rake: The angle of the front face of the tooth relative to a line perpendicular to the length of the saw. Teeth designed to cut with the grain (ripping) are generally steeper than teeth designed to cut across the grain (crosscutting)
• Points per inch (25 mm): The most common measurement of the frequency of teeth on a saw blade. This is measured by setting the tip, or point, of one tooth at the zero point on a ruler, and then counting how many points are contained within one inch (25 mm) of length, counting inclusively. There will always be one more point per inch than there are teeth per inch (e.g., a saw with 14 points per inch will have 13 teeth per inch, a saw with 10 points per inch will have 9 teeth per inch). Some saws do not have the same number of teeth per inch throughout their entire length, but the vast majority do.
• Teeth Per inch : Another common measurement of the amount of teeth residing in any one inch length of a saw blade. Usually abbreviated as TPI, eg a blade consisting of 18TPI (Teeth Per Inch).
• Kerf: Width of the saw cut. On most saws the kerf is wider than the saw blade because the teeth are flared out sideways (set). This allows the blade to move through the cut easily without getting stuck (binding). However, some saws are made so that the teeth have no set on one side. This is done so that the saw can lie flat on a surface and cut along the surface without scratching it. These are referred to as flush cutting saws. Although the term kerf is often used to refer to the width of the saw blade, it actually means the width of the cut, which is affected by the width of the blade, the amount of wobble created during cutting, and the amount of material pulled out of the sides of the cut. This distinction can be important because the use of a blade that is too thin can result in excessive wobble and a wider kerf.

In a modern serrated saw, each tooth is bent to a precise angle called its set. The set of the teeth is determined by the kind of cut the saw is intended to make. For example, a rip saw has a tooth set that is similar to the angle used on a chisel. The idea is to have the teeth rip or tear the material apart. Some teeth are usually splayed slightly to each side of the blade so that the cut width (kerf) is wider than the blade itself and the blade does not bind in the cut. The kerf of the blade is adjusted with a tool called a saw tooth setter.

An abrasive saw uses an abrasive disc or band for cutting, rather than a serrated blade.

History

According to Chinese tradition, the saw was invented by Lu Ban. In Greek mythology, Talos, the nephew of Daedalos, invented the saw. In fact, saws date back to prehistory, and likely evolved from Neolithic tools or bone tools. The early ancestors of man, in the Pleistocene era, likely first used a jaw bone of bovid animals as a saw.

Handmade manufacture

Saws until at least the mid-19th century were made laboriously by hand. Teeth were punched out individually, then "set" by striking alternate teeth with a hammer against a "stake" or small anvil. Due to risk of breaking teeth, beginners were given saw set pliers which set even more slowly.^[1]

Pit saw

In early English North America the pit saw was one of the principal industrial tools. It was (generally) operated over a pit across which the logs to be cut into boards were mounted. The saw was "a strong steel cutting-plate, of great breadth, with large teeth, highly polished and thoroughly wrought, some eight or ten feet in length" (Upham Hist. of Salem v1, p 191) with a handle on either end. The pit saw took at least 2 men to operate. One stood in the pit - the pitman, who was responsible for raising the saw on the backstroke - and the other was above - the sawyer, responsible for guiding the cut. The workers at a pit saw were some of the best paid in early colonial North America.

The pit saw is also known as a whipsaw.^[2]

Types of saw blades and the cuts they make

Blade teeth are of two general types: Tool steel or carbide. Carbide is harder and holds a sharp edge much longer.

Band Saw Blade

A straight blade welded into a circle. Used mainly at sawmills & steel service centers. Preferred over circular saws due to less waste.

Crosscut

In woodworking, a cut made at (or near) a right angle to the direction of the grain of the workpiece. A crosscut saw is used to make this type of cut.

Rip cut

In woodworking, a cut made parallel to the direction of the grain of the workpiece. A rip saw is used to make this type of cut.

Plytooth

A circular saw blade with many small teeth designed for cutting plywood with minimal splintering.

Dado blade

A special type of circular saw blade used for making wide grooved cuts in wood so the edge of another piece of wood will fit into the groove to make a joint. Dado blades can make different width grooves by addition or removal of chipper blades of various widths between the outer dado blades. This first type is called a stacked dado blade. There is another type of dado blade capable of cutting variable width grooves. An adjustable dado utilizes a movable locking cam mechanism which causes the blade to wobble sideways more or less. This allows continuously variable groove width from the lower to upper design limits of the dado.

Materials used for saws

There are several materials used in saws, with each of its own specifications.

Brass

Mostly used in back saws because of its low price, its flow characteristics that make the material relatively easy to cast, and unlike other types of saw, the forces that take place in back saws are relatively low because of the pulling motion used.

Steel

Used in almost every existing kind of saw. Because steel is cheap, easy to shape, and very strong, it has the right properties for most kind of saws.

Diamond

Used only in saws for the really heavy cutting. It is very expensive and comes in two shapes: ropes and circular saws. Mostly used for cutting concrete and other materials with rock-like structures or in softer materials, such as wood, where the precision and high volume of work justifies the expense of diamond-edged cutting tools. Diamond saws are made by combining powder metal with diamond crystals, which are then heated and pressed into a molding to form the diamond segments.

Uses

• Saws are most commonly used for cutting hard materials. They are used extensively in forestry, construction, demolition, medicine, and hunting.
• Some saws are used as instruments to make music.
• Chainsaw carving is a flourishing modern art form. Special saws have been developed for this purpose.

See also

• Diamond tools
• Saw chain
• Sawmill
• Saw pit
• Sharpening
• Sawgrass

References

External links

• Blade Terminology, Tooth Forms & Tooth Set
• Selection of band saw blade advancements
• Saw Blade Tooth Shape
• Number of Teeth You Should Have on your Saw Blade

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From Wikiquote

Saw is a 2004 horror film about two men who wake up in some kind of basement which is in the secure lair of a serial killer who's been nicknamed "Jigsaw" by the police because of his unusual calling card.

Directed by James Wan and written by Leigh Whannell.

John Kramer/Jigsaw

Quotes

• Yes, I'm sick, officer. Sick from the disease eating away at me inside. Sick of people who don't appreciate their blessings. Sick of those who scoff at the suffering of others. I'm sick of it all!
• Game over!

Tapes

• Rise and shine, Adam. You're probably wondering where you are. I'll tell you where you might be. You might be in the room you die in. Up until now you simply sat in the shadows watching others live out their lives. But what do voyeurs see when they look into the mirror? Now, I see you as a strange mix of someone angry, yet apathetic. But mostly just pathetic. So are you going to watch yourself die today, Adam, or do something about it?
• Dr. Gordon, this is your wake-up call. Every day of your working life you have given people the news that they're going to die soon. Now, you will be the cause of death. Your aim in this game is to kill Adam. You have until six on the clock to do it. There's a man in the room with you. When there's that much poison in your blood, the only thing left to do -- is shoot yourself. There are ways to win this hidden all around you. Just remember, X marks the spot for the treasure. If you do not kill Adam by six, then Alison and Diana will die, Dr. Gordon... and I'll leave you in this room to rot. Let the game begin. [whispers] Follow your heart.
• Hello, Paul. You are a perfectly healthy, sane and middle-class male. Yet last month you ran a straight razor across your wrist. Did you cut yourself because you truly wanted to die, or did you just want some attention? Tonight, you'll show me. The irony is that if you want to die you just have to stay where you are, but if you want to live, you'll have to cut yourself again. Find the path through the razor-wire to the door. But hurry. At three o'clock that door will lock, and then, this room becomes your tomb. How much blood will you shed to stay alive, Paul?
• Hello, Mark. If you are so sick, then why do I have so many photos of you up and about? Let's put your so-called "illness" to the test. Right now, there's a slow acting poison in your veins. The antidote is inside the safe; the combination to the safe is written on the wall. Hurry up and program it in, but watch your step. By the way, that's a flammable substance smeared on your body, so I would be careful with that candle if I were you... or all the people you've burned with your act just might have their revenge.
• Hello, Amanda. You don't know me, but I know you. I want to play a game. Here's what happens if you lose. The device you are wearing is hooked into your upper and lower jaw. When the timer in the back goes off, your mouth will be permanently ripped open. Think of it like a reverse bear trap. Here, I'll show you. [on videotape, a mannequin's head is destroyed by the device] There is only one key to open the device. It's in the stomach of your dead cell mate. Look around, Amanda. Know that I'm not lying. You better hurry up. Live or die. Make your choice.
• Congratulations. You are still alive. Most people are so ungrateful to be alive. But not you. Not anymore.
• Hello, Mr. Hindle... or, as they called you around the hospital, Zep. I want you to make a choice. There's a slow-acting poison coursing through your system, which only I have the antidote for. Will you murder a mother and her child to save yourself? Listen carefully, if you will; there are rules.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon

• He doesn't want us to cut through our chains. He wants us to cut through our feet.
• Zep, you perverted little psychopath! I'm going to take great pleasure in seeing you pay for this, you bastard FUCK!
• Fuck this shit!
• [to Zep] You. You bastard! I'll fucking kill you! You fucking bastard! I'll fucking kill you! You fucking bastard! I'll fucking kill you!

Adam Faulkner

• Help! Someone help me! Is someone there? Hey! Oh, shit, I'm probably dead.
• My name is Very Fucking Confused; what's your name?
• I went to bed in my shithole apartment and woke up in an actual shithole.
• This is the most fun I've had without a lubricant!
• My last girlfriend was a feminist, vegan punk who broke up with me because she thought I was too angry.
• Face it, Larry, we're both bullshitters. But my camera isn't. It doesn't know how to lie. It only shows you what's put right in front of it.
• I don't give a crap if you cover yourself in peanut butter and had a fifteen hooker gang bang!

Detective Tapp

• You know, we arrested a dentist last week who liked to play with kids a bit too much. He lived two blocks from here. The sewer lines run under this neighborhood, Doctor.
• Sick bastard.
• I'm gonna kill you, you sick asshole!

Zep Hindle

• His name's John, Dr. Gordon. He's a very interesting person.
• Good night, little girl.
• Cold-hearted bastard.
• Dr. Gordon's time is up and I've gotta do what I've gotta do and I'm afraid that you're the one who's gonna tell him he failed.
• I'm gonna kill your husband now, Mrs. Gordon!
• You're too late.
• It's the rules!

Others

• Detective Allison Kerry: Looks like our friend Jigsaw likes to book himself front row seats to his own sick little games.

Dialogue

[first lines]

Adam Faulkner: Help! Someone, help me! Is someone there? Hey! Oh, shit, I'm probably dead.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: You're not dead.

Adam Faulkner: Who's that? Who's that?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: There's no point yelling. I already tried.

Adam Faulkner: Turn on the lights!

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Would if I could.

Adam Faulkner: What the fuck's going on? Where am I?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: I don't know yet.

Adam Faulkner: What is that smell?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Oh, shit... Hang on. Think I found something.

[the lights turn on]

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Are you hurt?

Adam Faulkner: I don't know. Yeah!

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: What's your name?

Adam Faulkner: My name is Very Fucking Confused; what's your name?

[Adam is trying to see if someone has taken his kidneys]

Adam Faulkner: You see any scars?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: What?

Adam Faulkner: This is what they do, man. They kidnap you, then drug you and before you know it, you're in a bathtub and your kidneys are on eBay.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: No one has taken your kidneys.

Adam Faulkner: How can you tell from way over there?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Because you'd either be in terrible agony or you'd be dead by now. Trust me.

Adam Faulkner: What are you, a surgeon?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Yes.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Did you find anything?

Adam Faulkner: [searching in toilet] No solids.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: How did you know to turn off the lights?

Adam Faulkner: Who cares? It worked.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Yeah, but how did you know?

Adam Faulkner: Instinct.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Instinct?

Adam Faulkner: Yeah.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: You know what? You're a terrible liar.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Who are you?

Adam Faulkner: You know who I am.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Stop the lies! You're a liar! I need to know the truth!

Adam Faulkner: I'm a liar? What did you do last night, Lawrence? Work at a hospital, saving sick children? You told me that after you left your house last night, you went to work at a hospital.

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: That's because it's the truth.

Adam Faulkner: No. Your wife is right, Larry. You don't recall getting your picture taken in the parking lot? [takes out some pictures and throws them] I can prove that you didn't go anywhere near a hospital last night.

Detective David Tapp: At least we'll have the cover of darkness.

Detective Steven Sing: So will anybody else.

Alison Gordon: How can you go through life pretending your happy?

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: I am happy.

Alison Gordon: That is complete bullshit; I'd rather you break down and tell me you hated me. At least there would be some passion in it.

Adam Faulkner: No! Lawrence, please! I'm begging you! Lawrence, it's not me who did this to you!

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: You have to die.

Adam Faulkner: No! I want to live!

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: I'm sorry...

Adam Faulkner: I want to live!

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: My family... [shoots Adam] There! I did it! Now show them to me!

Zep Hindle: [examining Adam's body] You're too late. [aims a gun at Lawrence]

Dr. Lawrence Gordon: Why?

Zep Hindle: It's the rules.

John: Most people are so ungrateful to be alive. But not you. Not anymore. [begins to close the door]

[Adam screams]

John: Game over! [slams the door shut]

Adam Faulkner: [screams] Don't! Don't! No! [screams fade out]

Taglines

• Every piece has a puzzle.
• How much blood would you shed to stay alive?
• Every puzzle has its pieces.
• Live or die. Make your choice.
• Dare you see Saw?
• Oh, yes... there will be blood.

Cast

Tobin Bell - John Kramer/Jigsaw

Leigh Whannell - Adam Faulkner

Cary Elwes - Dr. Lawrence Gordon

Danny Glover - Detective David Tapp

Ken Leung - Detective Steven Sing

Dina Meyer - Detective Allison Kerry

Mike Butters - Paul Leahy

Paul Gutrecht - Mark Rodriguez

Michael Emerson - Zep Hindle

Monica Potter - Alison Gordon

Makenzie Vega - Diana Gordon

Shawnee Smith - Amanda Young

See also

• Saw II
• Saw III
• Saw IV
• Saw V
• Saw VI

External links

Wikipedia has an article about:

Saw (film)

• Saw quotes at the Internet Movie Database
• Saw at Rotten Tomatoes
• Official site

From LoveToKnow 1911

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Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

English

Wikipedia has an article on:

Saw

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• (RP) enPR: sô, IPA: /sɔː/, SAMPA: /sO:/

  Homophones: (in some non-rhotic accents): soar, sore

• (GenAm, cot–caught merger) enPR: sô, IPA: /sɑː/, SAMPA: /sA:/

  (idiosyncratic, past tense of 'see') IPA: /sɑːl/

• (US) enPR: sô, IPA: /sɔ/, SAMPA: /sO/

   Audio (US)^{help, file}

• Rhymes: -ɔː

Etymology 1

A saw—a tool

Old English saga. Cognate with Dutch zaag.

Noun

saw (plural saws)

1. A tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal
2. A musical saw.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

to saw (third-person singular simple present saws, present participle sawing, simple past sawed, past participle sawed or sawn)

1. (transitive) To cut (something) with a saw.
2. (intransitive) To make a motion back and forth similar to cutting something with a saw.

   The fiddler sawed away at his instrument.

Related terms

• saw wood

Translations

Etymology 2

Old English sagu. Cognate with German Sage. Compare saga.

Noun

saw (plural saws)

1. (obsolete) Something spoken; speech, discourse.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book V:

     And for thy trew sawys, and I may lyve many wynters, there was never no knyght better rewardid [...].

2. (often old saw) A saying or proverb.

Synonyms

• See also Wikisaurus:saying

Translations

Etymology 3

See see.

Verb

saw

1. Simple past of see.

Anagrams

• Anagrams of ASW
• was

Kurdish

Noun

saw

1. terror
2. horror

Scots

Pronunciation

• IPA: /sa/ (Doric & most Southern Scots dialects)
• IPA: /sɔ/ (Central & some Southern Scots dialects)

Verb

saw

1. (South Scots) Simple past of sei.
2. (N. & C. Scots) Simple past of see.