From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ A handy word we stole from the Germans, it combines schaden (damage) and freude (joy) to describe the pleasure we take in the misfortunes of others.- Schadenfreude - Friendship Schadenfreude - Marie Claire 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.marieclaire.com [Source type: General]
^ "Schadenfreude" is the German word for the concept of taking pleasure in the suffering of others.- Schadenfreudes Profile » GamerBio.com - Free Profiles for Pro Gamers 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.gamerbio.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Typical dictionary definitions (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/schadenfreude) read like this: satisfaction or pleasure felt at someone else's misfortune.- Churlish, puerile Schadenfreude [Archive] - Bloggingheads Community 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC bloggingheads.tv [Source type: Original source]
[1] .^ A handy word we stole from the Germans, it combines schaden (damage) and freude (joy) to describe the pleasure we take in the misfortunes of others.- Schadenfreude - Friendship Schadenfreude - Marie Claire 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.marieclaire.com [Source type: General]
^ "Schadenfreude" is the German word for the concept of taking pleasure in the suffering of others.- Schadenfreudes Profile » GamerBio.com - Free Profiles for Pro Gamers 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.gamerbio.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wikipedia tells us there is no equivalent word in English, and defines this German expression as meaning "pleasure taken from someone else’s misfortune" or “shameful joy."- The Joy of Schadenfreude by Justin Raimondo -- Antiwar.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC original.antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
Linguistic analysis
Spelling and etymology
.^ When used as a loanword in English, however, it is not, unless the origin of the word is meant to be emphasized."- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ And by the way, Canis: "In German, Schadenfreude is capitalized, as are all nouns in the German language.- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ The German word " schadenfreude " takes seven English words to define it.
The corresponding German adjective is
schadenfroh.
.^ If your Teutonic etymology is a bit rusty, the word is derived from schaden, which is German for adversity, and freude, which means joy.
^ The German word " schadenfreude " takes seven English words to define it.
^ Wikipedia tells us there is no equivalent word in English, and defines this German expression as meaning "pleasure taken from someone else’s misfortune" or “shameful joy."- The Joy of Schadenfreude by Justin Raimondo -- Antiwar.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC original.antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
English equivalents
.^ January 13, 2009 11:54 am Link I will humbly disagree that “’schadenfreude’ could probably use a good rest.” Unlike other words discussed in this column, this one has no English equivalent.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
^ When used as a loanword in English, however, it is not, unless the origin of the word is meant to be emphasized."- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ You can also use our own English word with the same meaning: .- Schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.mydd.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[2][3] Nathan Bailey's 18th-century
Universal Etymological English Dictionary, for example, contains an entry for
epicharikaky that gives its
etymology as a compound of
epi (upon),
chaira (joy/charity/heart), and
kakon (evil).
[4][5] A popular modern collection of rare words, however, gives its spelling as "epicaricacy".
[6]
.^ "Schadenfreude" is the German word for the concept of taking pleasure in the suffering of others.- Schadenfreudes Profile » GamerBio.com - Free Profiles for Pro Gamers 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.gamerbio.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wikipedia tells us there is no equivalent word in English, and defines this German expression as meaning "pleasure taken from someone else’s misfortune" or “shameful joy."- The Joy of Schadenfreude by Justin Raimondo -- Antiwar.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC original.antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As media ages and new media takes its place, the older media retains an older more conservative audience.- Saturday Schadenfreude: Fox News Ratings Down 24% Since Last Summer 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.mydd.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment.
[7]
.^ (As Times readers these days surely know, schadenfreude is a German word meaning “enjoyment derived from others’ trouble.”) .- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
^ They stated that to a German speaker, Schadenfreude means feeling badly or guilty about the pleasure one feels when because of another’s misfortune.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
- schadenfreude discussion, citations, comments and usage notes on Wordnik 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.wordnik.com [Source type: Original source]
[9][10] French writer
Pierre Klossowski maintained that the appeal of
sadism is morose delectation.
[11][12]
Antonyms
.^ Schadenfreude is taking joy in another's failures or bad fortune.
^ He's usually all happy and comfortable, and surrounded by loved ones, and it makes me feel… What's the opposite of that shameful joy thing of yours?
^ He’s usually all happy and comfortable, and surrounded by loved ones, and it makes me feel… What’s the opposite of that shameful joy thing of yours?- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
[13][14] .^ Envy involves responding to something good (for another person) as though it were bad, and schadenfreude involves responding to something bad as thought it were good.- Philosophy, et cetera: Blame and Schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.philosophyetc.net [Source type: Original source]
^ Gloating (schadenfreude), similarly to envy, is a social comparative emotion that involves both the perception of another's negative emotion and, in consequence, one's own positive emotion.- The Neuroanatomical Bases of Envy and Gloating (Schadenfreude): Discussion 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Schadenfreude is taking joy in another's failures or bad fortune.
Completing the quartet is "unhappiness at another's misfortune", which may be termed
empathy,
pity or
compassion.
.^ The inability to celebrate a friend’s success seems shameful because it reveals just how petty and mean-spirited we can be.- The Un-Schadenfreude - Basic Instincts Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC conniff.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
[15][16] It does not exist in German.
Literary usage and philosophical analysis
The
Book of Proverbs mentions an emotion similar to that now described by the word schadenfreude: "Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth, and let not thine heart be glad when he stumbleth: Lest the LORD see it, and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him." (Proverbs 24:17-18,
King James Version).
.^ It's not eu, it's epi "In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle used the term epikhairekakia (alternatively epikairekakia; ἐπιχαιρεκακία in Greek) as part of a triad of terms, in which epikhairekakia stands as the opposite of phthonos, and nemesis occupies the mean.- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ The first reference is in Nicomachean Ethics, Book 2, Chapter 6; but the fuller discussion is toward the end of Chapter 7, which is translated thus by J.A.K. Thomson: < < Then there is 'righteous indignation' [ nemesis ].- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
.^ Nemesis is "a painful response to another's undeserved good fortune," while phthonos is "a painful response to any good fortune," deserved or not.- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ Another translator, the venerable David Ross, added this footnote: < < Aristotle must mean that while the envious man is pained at the good fortune of others, whether deserved or not, the spiteful [Thomson's "malicious"] man is pleased at the bad fortune of others, whether deserved or not.- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ The man who feels righteous indignation is pained by undeserved good fortune; but the envious man goes beyond that and is pained at anybody's success.- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
.^ The epikhairekakos person actually takes pleasure in another's ill fortune."- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
^ Those that take pleasure in others pain and suffering for whatever reason have a hole in their personality.- A Bernie Madoff Schadenfreude Story - Everyday Ethics 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blog.beliefnet.com [Source type: General]
^ People were actually taking pleasure and joy in the tragedy of that day.- Schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.apcusa.org [Source type: Original source]
[17][18]
During the
17th century,
Robert Burton wrote in his work
The Anatomy of Melancholy, "Out of these two [the concupiscible and irascible powers] arise those mixed affections and passions of anger, which is a desire of revenge; hatred, which is inveterate anger; zeal, which is offended with him who hurts that he loves; and ἐπιχαιρεκακία, a compound affection of joy and hate, when we rejoice at other men's mischief, and are grieved at their prosperity; pride, self-love, emulation, envy, shame, &c., of which elsewhere."
[19]
.^ But I also admit it: I can't help but feel a sense of schadenfreude.- Schadenfreude, I own it | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
^ Have a schadenfreude (hence the name) sense of humor.- Schadenfreudes Profile » GamerBio.com - Free Profiles for Pro Gamers 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.gamerbio.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Share Post Print November 3, 2003 Posted by Scott at 1:42 PM Schadenfreude is the malicious pleasure derived from the pain of others.- Power Line - Speaking of Schadenfreude... 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.powerlineblog.com [Source type: General]
.^ Schadenfreude is defined to be largely unanticipated delight in the suffering of another which is recognized as well deserved.
^ Regarding the exhibition: Philosopher and sociologist Theodor Adorno defined schadenfreude as “largely unanticipated delight in the suffering of another which is cognized as trivial and/or appropriate.” The word derives from ‘Schaden’, meaning damage or harm and ‘Freude’, meaning joy.- ARTLURKER › SCHADENFREUDE a wunderkammer of voyeurism curated by Daniel Newman 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.artlurker.com [Source type: General]
^ I am not sure this post qualifies as schadenfreude -- since that has been defined as "largely unanticipated delight in the suffering of another which is cognized as trivial and/or appropriate."- No schadenfreude over the death of SUVs | Grist 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.grist.org [Source type: General]
[20]
Scientific studies
A
New York Times article in 2002 cited a number of scientific studies of schadenfreude, which it defined as "delighting in others' misfortune." Many such studies are based on
social comparison theory, the idea that when people around us have bad luck, we look better to ourselves.
.^ Schadenfreude —figments of your imagination and manifestations of your low self-esteem.
^ People who felt impotent feel even more powerless.- Waiting for Schadenfreude - Opinionator Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC warner.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
^ But what I was feeling was more like the un-schadenfreude.- The Un-Schadenfreude - Basic Instincts Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC conniff.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
[21]
.^ When most people are forced to see suffering close up they change their tune.
^ When bad things happened to bad people, the women in the study were still empathic.- Schadenfreude? Or Just Lack Of Empathy? - /Message 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.stoweboyd.com [Source type: General]
^ I started to wonder - are people just suffering from a bad case of schadenfreude?- Darkfall and Schadenfreude - We Fly Spitfires - MMORPG Blog 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blog.weflyspitfires.com [Source type: General]
.^ I think my favourite — although I can't remember where I came across it — was freudenschade, the pain one feels at seeing someone one dislikes doing well or having fun.
^ Their primary interest was variation in levels of empathy, which can be detected by the activity in "pain-related areas" like the "fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortices" of the brain when a person is watching someone else in pain.- Schadenfreude? Or Just Lack Of Empathy? - /Message 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.stoweboyd.com [Source type: General]
^ Future studies may help elucidate this point using tasks designed to assess the experience rather than recognition of these emotions.- The Neuroanatomical Bases of Envy and Gloating (Schadenfreude): Discussion 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.medscape.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ They're more forgiving than I would be.- Schadenfreude on Hold - Swampland - TIME.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC swampland.blogs.time.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sorry, I know this post is a rant, but I have little sympathy for these individuals that repeatedly create more problems than good.- Schadenfreude alert: Subprime execs get poor, Wall Street bonuses headed down - The Curious Capitalist - TIME.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC curiouscapitalist.blogs.time.com [Source type: General]
^ They could probably charge around half of any data center I’ve ever seen, and I bet with only twice the downtime… and that would be very appealing.- The Official DreamHost Blog! » Schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blog.dreamhost.com [Source type: General]
.^ There is still much to be learned about the phenomenon of the coma, and there is certainly the possibility of someone “waking up” from a coma if hey have minimal-to-moderate brain damage.- Schadenfreude - a rant archive 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.deadjournal.com [Source type: Original source]
^ So if they're taking pleasure in a market leader having teething trouble -- well, let's lots Vonage beat up on them too!!!- Verizon's schadenfreude | Crave - CNET 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC news.cnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Schadenfreude, which loosely translates from German as taking pleasure in someone’s misfortune, crops up now and again, when conditions are just right.- The Word You Dare Not Spell by Jason Feifer - The Morning News 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.themorningnews.org [Source type: General]
- The Word You Dare Not Spell by Jason Feifer - The Morning News 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.themorningnews.org [Source type: General]
[22]
.^ The theory was supported last year by an MRI study that found that when a person we envy suffers a misfortune, dopamine floods the emotional rewards portion of our brains.- Schadenfreude - Friendship Schadenfreude - Marie Claire 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.marieclaire.com [Source type: General]
^ In brief, brain regions that respond to feelings of envy and schadenfreude are also those that respond to, respectively, physical pain (envy hurts) and reward/pleasure ( schadenfreude feels good).- Your Brain on Schadenfreude . . . Or Not - Lab Notes Blog - Newsweek.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blog.newsweek.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The experiment showed a striking positive correlation between how much envy folks expressed in the first place and how much schadenfreude they felt at the other person’s misfortune.- Financial Crisis Has an Upside: ‘The Joy of Schadenfreude’ - The Wallet - WSJ 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blogs.wsj.com [Source type: General]
.^ The more envious reading about the superior person made the folks in the experiment feel, the greater the intensity of activation in their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a region of the brain that has been shown to respond to conflict and social rejection.- Financial Crisis Has an Upside: ‘The Joy of Schadenfreude’ - The Wallet - WSJ 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blogs.wsj.com [Source type: General]
^ The theory was supported last year by an MRI study that found that when a person we envy suffers a misfortune, dopamine floods the emotional rewards portion of our brains.- Schadenfreude - Friendship Schadenfreude - Marie Claire 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.marieclaire.com [Source type: General]
^ Feelings of envy (triggered by reading about a peer's status, abilities and wealth), led to heightened activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the same region associated with the distressing aspect of physical pain.- Your Brain on Schadenfreude . . . Or Not - Lab Notes Blog - Newsweek.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC blog.newsweek.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The magnitude of the brain's schadenfreude response could even be predicted from the strength of the previous envy response.
[23][24]
.^ Posted by: Ian Vaughan at May 28, 2009 10:23 PM Feeling bad saps one's will to fight, mhb.- small dead animals: Schadenfreude By Any Other Name Would Still Be Sweet 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.smalldeadanimals.com [Source type: General]
^ (There is supposedly a Japanese emotion, that we don't have a name for, where you feel ashamed for others, which may be the complement to schadenfreude.- Schadenfreude? Or Just Lack Of Empathy? - /Message 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.stoweboyd.com [Source type: General]
^ Like Spitzer, Clinton may soon find herself feeling the wrath of just about everyone.- Hot Air » Blog Archive » Hillary and licenses for illegals: The spin continues 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC hotair.com [Source type: General]
.^ GABRIEL BOUYS / AFP/Getty Images Los Angeles Galaxy fans let David Beckham know how they feel before the friendly game against AC Milan on Sunday.- Beckham confronts fan, booed in L.A. return - Soccer- nbcsports.msnbc.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC nbcsports.msnbc.com [Source type: News]
^ They stated that to a German speaker, Schadenfreude means feeling badly or guilty about the pleasure one feels when because of another’s misfortune.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
- schadenfreude discussion, citations, comments and usage notes on Wordnik 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.wordnik.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I'm actually starting to feel a little sympathy for poor schadenfreude , considering all the abuse it's taken lately.- schadenfreude discussion, citations, comments and usage notes on Wordnik 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.wordnik.com [Source type: Original source]
In popular culture
.^ (A colleague offers a plausible theory that the word got a boost from the musical “Avenue Q,” which opened in 2003 and includes a song with that title.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
^ We also explore Chicago's 'zine culture and dance a jig and win a Tony with the city's longest-running musical, O'Hare.
^ The best recent example of schadenfreude was in the 2004 presidential election, when so many Kerry supporters actually thought their guy was gonna win.- Churlish, puerile Schadenfreude [Archive] - Bloggingheads Community 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC bloggingheads.tv [Source type: Original source]
[26] The song sung by characters
Gary Coleman and Nicky, describes schadenfreude as "German for 'happiness at the misfortune of others'". In the song, schadenfreude is also described as "making me feel glad that I'm not you" and "people taking pleasure in your pain". The characters use examples like "D'ja ever clap when a waitress falls and drops a tray of glasses?" and "Don'tcha feel all warm and cozy, watching people out in the rain?" as being schadenfreude.
[27]
.^ I get a warm fuzzy feeling of Schadenfreude every time I think about her losing her no claims bonus and having to explain herself to the plod.- b3ta.com qotw 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.b3ta.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Now, this being lj, just because my bf's mother is preparing to die horribly doesn't mean I can't blather about my feelings on the matter.
^ They stated that to a German speaker, Schadenfreude means feeling badly or guilty about the pleasure one feels when because of another’s misfortune.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
- schadenfreude discussion, citations, comments and usage notes on Wordnik 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.wordnik.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Homer: Boy, those Germans have a word for everything!- German English Words: S 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC germanenglishwords.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Language Log » The Germans have a word for it 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu [Source type: General]
- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
[28]
.^ April 3rd, 2009 at 2:37 pm Schadenfreude: naty case of tl:dr there.- Firman Productions » Archive » Let’s complain about things that are idiots! 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC www.firmanproductions.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Neologisms and variants
.^ German word or one coined for use among Anglophones by someone who knew enough German to be plausible.
^ I’ve used the word regularly since I took beginning German in 1961.- The Age of Schadenfreude - Times Topics Blog - NYTimes.com 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC topics.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]
^ Incidentally, I used the word “involved” because the White House used it early on in this case as the bar for dismissal of any culprits.- Marc Cooper » Blog Archive » Summer Schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC marccooper.com [Source type: General]
Another is "Spitzenfreude", coined by
The Economist to refer to the fall of
Eliot Spitzer.
[30] .^ January 8, 2010 12.- Liberal Conspiracy » How not to do schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC liberalconspiracy.org [Source type: General]
^ Reader comments 12:28 pm, January 8, 2010 1.- Liberal Conspiracy » How not to do schadenfreude 11 January 2010 2:16 UTC liberalconspiracy.org [Source type: General]
[31]
See also
References
- ^ Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary.
- ^ Shipley, Joseph T. (1955). Dictionary of Early English. Philosophical Library. ISBN 978-0-8065-2926-4.
- ^ Novobatzky, Peter; Shea , Ammon (1955). Depraved and Insulting English. Harvest Books. ISBN 978-0-15-601149-5.
- ^ Bailey, Nathan (1737). Universal Etymological English Dictionary. London.
- ^ Bailey, Nathan (1751). Dictionarium Britannicum. London.
- ^ Byrne, Josefa H. (1984). Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure, and Preposterous Words. Pocket. ISBN 0671497820.
- ^ Roman holiday - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- ^ definition of morose delectation, Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 74, The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, Second and Revised Edition, 1920; Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Online Edition Copyright © 2006 by Kevin Knight.
- ^ Chapter 6 Proposing the Story of the World, Richard John Neuhaus, Catholic Matters: Confusion, Controversy, and the Splendor of Truth, Basic Books, 2006.
- ^ Heterodox Religion and Post-Atheism: Bataille / Klossowski/ Foucault, Jones Irwin, ISSN 1393-614X Minerva - An Internet Journal of Philosophy Vol. 10 2006.
- ^ Klossowski, Pierre. 1991. Sade, My Neighbour, translated by Alphonso Lingis. Illinois. Northwestern University Press.
- ^ The Upside of Shadenfreude, Joshua Zader, Mudita Journal, December 6, 2005.
- ^ Are you Schadenfreude or Mudita?, Sirtumble, One of Six Billion..., February 6, 2005.
- ^ Yahoo Groups "worthless word for the day is ... freudenschade"
- ^ Daily Stanford (2006) "Freudenschade"
- ^ Pedrick, Victoria; Oberhelman, Steven M. (2006). The Soul of Tragedy: Essays on Athenian Drama. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-65306-8.
- ^ Nicomachean Ethics, 2.7.1108b1-10
- ^ Robert Burton (1621). The Anatomy of Melancholy. pp. t. 1, sect. 1, memb. 2, subsect. 8.
- ^ Cited in Portmann, John (2000). When bad things happen to other people. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92335-2. , p. 186.
- ^ St. John, Warren. "Sorrow So Sweet: A Guilty Pleasure in Another's Woe". New York Times, Aug. 24, 2002.
- ^ Singer T, Seymour B, O'Doherty JP, Stephan KE, Dolan RJ, Frith CD (January 2006). "Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others". Nature 439 (7075): 466–9. doi:10.1038/nature04271. PMID 16421576. Lay-summary
- ^ Science (February 13, 2009) "When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude" by Hidehiko Takahashi et al.
- ^ New York Times (February 17, 2009) "In Pain and Joy of Envy, the Brain May Play a Role" by Natalie Angier
- ^ Simone G. Shamay-Tsoorya, et. al., "Intranasal Administration of Oxytocin Increases Envy and Schadenfreude (Gloating)," Biological Psychiatry, Volume 66 Issue 9, Pages 864-870 (1 November 2009)
- ^ http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=1901
- ^ http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Avenue_Q#.22Schadenfreude.22
- ^ Houghton, Des (October 25, 2008). "Greed's end gives birth to joy". The Courier-Mail: p. 056.
- ^ http://www.amazon.com/Skadden-Power-Money-Legal-Empire/dp/0374524246
- ^ http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10852872
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/opinion/13dowd.html