From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ Agrees with, and thanks Leo for, the programme devised for the Shakespeare Gesellschaft meeting on April 23 in Berlin.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bringing forward the date of the next general assembly of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft from April 23 to February as suggested by Dingelstedt is impractical.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Copies of the volumes are rare, and the only example I can find on the Internet is King Lear from volume III: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 .
[1] .^ In addition to the works, I have included a link to my own chronological listing of the canon , which contains some notes to the plays and issues related to the dating of the plays and poems.
^ Fletcher, and more of our Author than some of those which have been received as genuine" --Alexander Pope on The Two Noble Kinsmen, from his Preface to his Works of 1725.
^ Knight's text and often the illustrations from The Pictorial Edition appeared in many other editions of Shakespeare throughout the nineteenth century: The Library Edition, The Cabinet Edition, The National Edition, The Stratford Edition, and so on.
.^ Which I could fancy more than any other.- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
- » The Taming of the Shrew. The script. 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC www.shakespeare-by-the-sea.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In the play, Iago is infectious, seeping into every corner of Othello's mind.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The usual response is to cut it, but what is more relevant than what is removed is the particular interpretation of the material that results, as well as the creative decisions made in performance and presentation.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[3]
.^ McLean, Andrew M. "Orson Welles and Shakespeare: History and Consciousness in "Chimes at Midnight" Literature/Film Quarterly 11:3 (1983) 197 (Shakespeare On Film IV Papers from the World Shakespeare Congress, 1981 Stratford-upon-Avon) Poague, Leland.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
At the age of 18, he married
Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children:
Susanna, and twins
Hamnet and
Judith.
.^ The second quarto was practically printed in 1619 by Thomas Pavier and William Jaggard, and fraudulently dated 1600 in order to circumvent, it is thought, an order by the Lord Chamberlain of May, 1619, that plays belonging to the King's Men could not be printed without consent.
^ The second quarto was printed in 1619 as part of the Pavier collection and falsely dated 1600 to circumvent an action on the part of the King's Men attempting to block surreptitious printing of their properties.
^ Printed from a manuscript believed to have been prepared from memory by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (including Shakespeare himself) to replace a missing prompt-book.
.^ Shakespeare retired and returned to Stratford c.1613.- William Shakespeare Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about William Shakespeare 11 January 2010 19:31 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- William Shakespeare encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She died one year later.- Shakespeare's Biography: Information on Shakespeare's Parents, Siblings, Career as Actor, Children, Marriage, Death, Will, Influence, and Much More... 19 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.shakespeare-online.com [Source type: Original source]
- Shakespeare's Biography: Information on Shakespeare's Parents, Siblings, Career as Actor, Children, Marriage, Death, Will, Influence, and Much More... 19 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.shakespeare-online.com [Source type: Original source]
- Shakespeare's Biography: Information on Shakespeare's Parents, Siblings, Career as Actor, Children, Marriage, Death, Will, Influence, and Much More... 19 September 2009 4:19 UTC shakespeare-online.com [Source type: Original source]
- William Shakespeare - Writers of the World 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC writers.wikia.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Later years Shakespeare's last two plays were written in 1613, after which he appears to have retired to Stratford.- The Infidels - William Shakespeare 11 January 2010 19:31 UTC www.theinfidels.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Tranio is about to exit with the others when Gremio sees his opportunity to murder him.
^ A popular theory of Shakespeare's life has him serving as Southampton's secretary or literary assistant during this period of closure of the public playhouses.
^ Attributions (apocrypha) Introduction I have brought together here links to the collected and individual works by Shakespeare available on the Internet.
[4]
.^ The play was probably written at the end of 1596 or very early 1597.
^ The play was most likely written, therefore, between 1593 and 1597, though may be a revision of a much earlier work.
^ It is based on the conviction that we need a cultural history of Shakespeare's plays, and that in studying the status and the meaning of a play we should not entirely rely on criticism and performance history."
.^ In addition to the works, I have included a link to my own chronological listing of the canon , which contains some notes to the plays and issues related to the dating of the plays and poems.
^ Two examples of the 1608 1st quarto of King Lear from the British Library, both originally possessed by Halliwell-Phillipps: 1 2 .
^ UC users only Sokolyansky, Mark "Grigori Kozintsevs Hamlet and King Lear."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
In his last phase, he wrote
tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.
.^ Alexander Pope edited a collected edition of Shakespeare's plays, published by Tonsons (as were Rowe's edition before his and Theobald's thereafter), in 6 quarto volumes, in the year 1725.
^ Theobald followed Shakespeare restored with his own edition of the plays (heavily indebted to an epistolary collaboration with Warburton), published in 1733.
^ The important new materials the many notes supplied by Steevens, the list of old editions of Shakespeare's plays, and the notes contained in the Appendix.
.^ First folio, 1623.
^ The first Globe edition was published in 1864.
^ William Shakespear prefaced to his 1709 edition of the works says of the play; .
.^ William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright.- William Shakespeare 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ William Shakespeare - 17th century poet and playwright.- BiographyShelf.com - Browse this comprehensive biography, autobiography & memoir resources 19 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.biographyshelf.com [Source type: General]
^ Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century.- William Shakespeare » Monologue Search » A Searchable Monologues Database 11 January 2010 19:31 UTC www.monologuesearch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- What is William Shakespeare? 11 January 2010 19:31 UTC ipedia.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- William Shakespeare | Feedbooks 11 January 2010 19:31 UTC feedbooks.com [Source type: General]
- William Shakespeare 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
- William Shakespeare 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
- William Shakespeare 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.reduced-shakespeare.co.uk [Source type: General]
- Quotes about William Shakespeare | Tributes Paid 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC www.tributespaid.com [Source type: General]
- William Shakespeare - Wikimedia 3 February 2010 19:12 UTC readerfeedback.labs.wikimedia.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Cambridge Shakespeare was the reference edition well into the twentieth century, and many important works of scholarship are keyed to it" (from the Perseus Project web site ).
^ [Art Index] Aebischer, Pascale Shakespeare's violated bodies : stage and screen performance Cambridge, U.K. ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2004.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ William Shakespeare's cinematic renaissance ended in the twentieth century with John Madden's Shakespeare in Love.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Studies in Popular Culture , vol.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Three articles on Kenneth Branagh's "Henry V": a reading of the film in terms of contemporary political and popular culture references; a survey of postwar theatrical productions and their influence on this version; and a comparison of the handling of various aspects of the play in versions by Olivier and Branagh.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ It is based on the conviction that we need a cultural history of Shakespeare's plays, and that in studying the status and the meaning of a play we should not entirely rely on criticism and performance history."
Life
Early life
.^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ An original, illustrated html edition of the complete Tales From Shakespeare , by Charles and Mary Lamb.
^ William Shakespeare's cinematic renaissance ended in the twentieth century with John Madden's Shakespeare in Love.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[7] He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised on 26 April 1564. His actual birthdate is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April,
St George's Day.
[8] .^ Theobald was an eighteenth-century Shakespeare editor, literary critic, and poet; in 1726 he wrote Shakespeare Restored, in which he criticized Alexander Pope’s edition of Shakespeare."
^ Alderman John Boydell exhausted his considerable fortune patronizing the largest Shakespeare illustration and publishing project undertaken in the eighteenth century.
[10]
.^ Agrees to write 6 pages for Shakespeare Jahrbuch after all, provided he may have until the end of April.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New York Review of Books v41, n10 (May 27, 1993):11 (3 pages).- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Shakespeare) New York Review of Books v44, n2 (Feb 6, 1997):11 (6 pages).- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but the curriculum was dictated by law throughout England,
[13] and the school would have provided an intensive education in
Latin grammar and the
classics.
.^ Ulrici is now 77 years old and is unlikely to live to see a third edition of his (their) Shakespeare edition.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
consistory court of the
Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. Two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds the next day as surety that there were no impediments to the marriage.
[14] .^ Let's see; I think 'tis now some seven o'clock, And well we may come there by dinner-time.- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
[15] Anne's pregnancy could have been the reason for this. Six months after the marriage, she gave birth to a daughter,
Susanna, who was baptised on 26 May 1583.
[16] Twins, son
Hamnet and daughter
Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised on 2 February 1585.
[17] Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried on 11 August 1596.
[18]
.^ "This second quarto of Love’s Labours Lost was owned by Dr. Richard Farmer (1735–1797), Shakespeare scholar and collector, and Canon of St. Paul’s, London.
^ Shrew is not mentioned by Francis Meres in his list of Shakespeare's plays in Palladis Tamia (1598), unless his reference to Love's Labour's Won is the same play.
^ A comparison is presented between the motion picture 'Independence Day', William Shakespeare's play 'Henry V' and the biblical story of King David.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Rowe was the first formal editor of Shakespeare, and his first formal biographer.
^ The Nicholas Rowe 1709 Edition of the Works of Shakespeare THE WORKS OF Mr. William Shakespear IN SIX VOLUMES. ADORN'D with CUTS Revis'd and Corrected, with an Account of the Life and Writings of the Author .
[20] .^ Theobald was an eighteenth-century Shakespeare editor, literary critic, and poet; in 1726 he wrote Shakespeare Restored, in which he criticized Alexander Pope’s edition of Shakespeare."
^ Alderman John Boydell exhausted his considerable fortune patronizing the largest Shakespeare illustration and publishing project undertaken in the eighteenth century.
[21] John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster.
[22] .^ Suggests that Leo allow some extra time; in Wörlitz he would like to show him a Shakespeare portrait, an old English copy of the Jansen portrait.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Four 20th century film adaptations of William Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' are analyzed focusing on the closet scene, which is Act 3, Scene 4.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ It examines the film as an adaptation of the play of the same name by William Shakespeare and discusses its use of sound.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[23] No evidence substantiates such stories other than
hearsay collected after his death and the name Shakeshafte was common in the Lancashire area.
[24]
London and theatrical career
|
"All the world's a stage,
and all the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts..."
|
| As You Like It, Act II, Scene 7, 139–42.[25] |
It is not known exactly when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592.
[26] He was well enough known in London by then to be attacked in print by the playwright
Robert Greene:
...there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his
Tiger's heart wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute
Johannes factotum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country.
[27]
.^ Writer, university chancellor in Tübingen, author of Shakespeare-Studien eines Realisten.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She herself intends to write on celebrities of Berlin, and comments that “Shakespeare-Leo” surely belongs to the first rank of these.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[29] .^ The second Part of Henry the Sixt , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
^ The third Part of Henry the Sixt , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
^ An original spelling transcription of Henry VI, Part One (1623 First Folio Edition) from the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.
[30]
Greene’s attack is the first recorded mention of Shakespeare’s career in the theatre. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before Greene’s remarks.
[31] .^ Shakespeare's company was known as Lord Hunsdon's Men only from July 1596, at the death of Henry Carey, First Baron Hunsdon and March 17, 1597 when his son George, who had lent his name to the company during the brief Chamberlaincy of William Brooke, Lord Cobham, a man not well disposed toward the actors, became Lord Chamberlain.
^ In addition to the works, I have included a link to my own chronological listing of the canon , which contains some notes to the plays and issues related to the dating of the plays and poems.
^ The second quarto was practically printed in 1619 by Thomas Pavier and William Jaggard, and fraudulently dated 1600 in order to circumvent, it is thought, an order by the Lord Chamberlain of May, 1619, that plays belonging to the King's Men could not be printed without consent.
[32] After the death of
Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by the new king,
James I, and changed its name to the
King's Men.
[33]In 1599, a partnership of company members built their own theatre on the south bank of the
Thames, which they called the
Globe. In 1608, the partnership also took over the
Blackfriars indoor theatre.
.^ Thanks Leo for books: Leo’s volume of poems, Schmidt’s Comus and Leo’s article on “Shakespeare’s Frauen-Ideale.” Has sent him his 2 volumes, Shakespeare Hermeneutics and Shakespeare - Man and Book.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[34] In 1597, he bought the second-largest house in Stratford,
New Place, and in 1605, he invested in a share of the
parish tithes in Stratford.
[35].^ Shakespeare’s name is added to the title-page.
^ The second quarto appeared in 1599, with the following title page: .
^ Shakespeare’s name does not appear on the title-page.
[36] .^ Theobald followed Shakespeare restored with his own edition of the plays (heavily indebted to an epistolary collaboration with Warburton), published in 1733.
^ The play did not appear in a Shakespeare folio until the second issue of the Third Folio, 1664, where it appeared with six other apocryphal Shakespeare plays.
^ In addition, unlike other film adaptations of Shakespeare's plays, 'Romeo & Juliet' does not treat the bard's language as its raison d'etre.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Much Ado was entered on the books of the Stationers' Register August 4, 1600 along with As You Like It , Henry V and Ben Jonson's Every Man In his Humour with the notation "to be staid," which was a strategy used to prevent unauthorized printing.
^ To the memory of my Beloved the Author, Mr. William Shakespear and What He Hath Left Us (Ben Jonson) A Table of the Several Editions of Shakespear's Plays...
[37] .^ London: printed by Thomas Creede, and are to be sold by Mathew Lawe, dwelling in Paules Church-yard, at the signe of the Foxe, neare S. Austins gate, 1605.
^ Gloucester's reference to "These late eclipses of the sun and moon" (1.2.112) is by some authorities taken to refer to the eclipses of September and October 1605.
[38] .^ Actor, organizer of the Munich Shakespeare Stage.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Facsimile of the first page of The Taming of the Shrew from the First Folio , published in 1623 DRAMATIS PERSONAE (Persons Represented): .- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[39] In 1610,
John Davies of Hereford wrote that "good Will" played "kingly" roles.
[40] .^ It was again printed in the Fourth Folio, 1685, and appeared in Rowe's 1709 (and 1714) editions of the Plays.
^ William Shakespear prefaced to his 1709 edition of the works says of the play; .
^ Alexander Pope edited a collected edition of Shakespeare's plays, published by Tonsons (as were Rowe's edition before his and Theobald's thereafter), in 6 quarto volumes, in the year 1725.
[41] .^ The play was most likely written, therefore, between 1593 and 1597, though may be a revision of a much earlier work.
^ To express the like kindness myself, that have been more kindly beholding to you than any, freely give unto you this young scholar, [ Presenting Lucentio.- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
^ To express the like kindness, myself, that have been more kindly beholding to you than any, freely give unto you this young scholar, [Presenting LUCENTIO.] .- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
[43]
.^ For some time it was fashionable to regard it as a collaboration between Shakespeare and Peele, or Shakespeare and Kyd, but reasons for regarding it as such are cloudy, at best.
In 1596, the year before he bought New Place as his family home in Stratford, Shakespeare was living in the
parish of St. Helen's,
Bishopsgate, north of the River Thames.
[44] .^ If one accepts Sohmer's arguments for opening day of the Globe being 12 June, 1599, it may well be that Henry V was one of the first plays presented there.
[45] By 1604, he had moved north of the river again, to an area north of
St Paul's Cathedral with many fine houses. There he rented rooms from a French
Huguenot called Christopher Mountjoy, a maker of ladies' wigs and other headgear.
[46]
Later years and death
.^ Rowe was the first formal editor of Shakespeare, and his first formal biographer.
^ Suggests that Leo allow some extra time; in Wörlitz he would like to show him a Shakespeare portrait, an old English copy of the Jansen portrait.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By Mr. Pope and Mr. Warburton , London, J. & P. Napton, 1747; from Google Book Search, full text and PDF. The "Blunders of the first Editors" refers collectively to the editors of the quarto and folio editions, and Rowe, who was safely dead by this time.
[47] In 1612 he was called as a witness in a court case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary.
[49] In March 1613 he bought a
gatehouse in the former
Blackfriars priory;
[50] and from November 1614 he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law,
John Hall.
[51]
.^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Through its roaming, interrogative camera, this version of Shakespeare's play manages to go far beyond the prison house of a photographed stage play.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[54]
.^ Agrees with, and thanks Leo for, the programme devised for the Shakespeare Gesellschaft meeting on April 23 in Berlin.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bringing forward the date of the next general assembly of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft from April 23 to February as suggested by Dingelstedt is impractical.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The first part of his book Altengland und Shakespeare will be ready for publication on April 23, when he will present it at the Shakespeare Gesellschaft meeting in Weimar.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The life and death of King John , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
^ The life and death of King John , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from The Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by the Folger Shakespeare Library.
^ Two Noble Kinsmen , John Fletcher and William Shakespeare.
[57]
.^ The bulk of the Shakespeare papers left by ten Brink, however, were printed as a separate volume.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[58] The terms instructed that she pass it down intact to "the first son of her body".
[59] The Quineys had three children, all of whom died without marrying.
[60] .^ The play must be one of Shakespeare's first, and if A Shrew is a corrupt version of The Shrew , it could even have been in existence towards the end of the 1580s.
^ Modenessi, Alfredo Michel ""(Un)doing the book "without Verona walls": a view from the receiving end of Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[61] .^ Printed from a manuscript believed to be Shakespeare’s foul papers, collated with the third quarto and probably for some parts of the text with the sixth quarto.
[62] He did make a point, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a bequest that has led to much speculation.
[63] .^ I am agreed; and would I had given him the best horse in Padua to begin his wooing, that would thoroughly woo her, wed her, and bed her, and rid the house of her.- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
[64]
Shakespeare was buried in the
chancel of the
Holy Trinity Church two days after his death.
[65] The stone slab covering his grave is inscribed with a
curse against moving his bones:
-
- Good frend for Iesvs sake forbeare,
- To digg the dvst encloased heare.
- Blest be ye man yt spares thes stones,
- And cvrst be he yt moves my bones.
.^ Asks Leo to compare his description of Freiherr von Stein (whom he met 50 years ago) with the statue of him on the monument recently erected in Berlin.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Its plaque compares him to
Nestor,
Socrates, and
Virgil.
[66] .^ Facsimile of the first page of The Taming of the Shrew from the First Folio , published in 1623 DRAMATIS PERSONAE (Persons Represented): .- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
[67]
.^ Printed from a manuscript believed to have been prepared from memory by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (including Shakespeare himself) to replace a missing prompt-book.
^ Facsimile editions of Folios and Quartos held by many of the world's libraries, including many by Shakespeare.
^ The study of Shakespeare has been dropped from many school curriculums, buthis popularity continues virtually unabated and his works continue to beproduced around the world.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
Plays
.^ He never held a university post, though for a brief period (1873-1875) he did lecture on Shakespeare at Herrig’s academy of modern languages.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The publisher and printer (Blount and Jaggard) of the First Folio must have regarded A Shrew and The Shrew as the same play, because they did not bother to register it along with Shakespeare's other unpublished plays.
^ The play did not appear in a Shakespeare folio until the second issue of the Third Folio, 1664, where it appeared with six other apocryphal Shakespeare plays.
[68] .^ The 1634 1st quarto of Two Noble Kinsmen from the Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
^ Facsimile edition (The Tudor Facsimile Texts) of the 1634 1st quarto of The two noble kinsmen (1910) from the Internet Archive.
^ A no-frills, well designed portal to standard html versions of the complete works (the thirty-seven canonical plays, not Two Noble Kinsmen), with a brief biography on the index page, and the ability to search within any of the individual works or across all, from ReadPrint.com.
Textual evidence also supports the view that several of the plays were revised by other writers after their original composition.
.^ An excellent historical example of a cold-blooded killer is King Richard III, who has repeatedly been depicted on both the screen and the stage during the 20th century.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Roman Polanski's movie of William Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' makes use of reversals in the story, and three reversals are Polanski's works.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A comparison is made between the three film adaptations of William Shakespeare's 'Richard III', with Laurence Olivier, Ron Cook and Ian McKellen playing the title role.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Bringing forward the date of the next general assembly of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft from April 23 to February as suggested by Dingelstedt is impractical.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ [The intended short article seems to be on] Two Gentlemen of Verona on stage.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Is sending a study of his for review in the Shakespeare Jahrbuch and suggests as possible reviewers either Leo himself, Zupitza, R. Köhler, Elze, [?- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[70] .^ It was most likely written in 1595 and used the second edition of Holinshed's Chronicles and Daniel's Civil Wars as sources.
^ Malone traces the provenance of the book to Charles I (1600–1649), who reigned as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 until his death.
[72] .^ Dyce was a distinguished editor of Jacobean and Elizabethan dramatists and poets including Christopher Marlowe, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Alexander Pope.
^ Although not particularly successful as a textual editor of Shakespeare, Malone is especially noted for his work on Elizabethan theater.
^ Although not particularly successful as a textual editor of Shakespeare, Malone is especially noted for his work on Elizabethan theater."
[73] .^ It examines the film as an adaptation of the play of the same name by William Shakespeare and discusses its use of sound.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[74] .^ The two gentlemen of Verona.
^ There is no general agreement on the date of Shakespeare's first four earliest comedies: The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, Love's Labour's Lost, and The Comedy of Errors .
^ An original spelling transcription of Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623 First Folio Edition) from the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.
[76]
.^ UC users only "Taymor films Shakespeare's early tragedy in an extremely challenging, dynamic, and faithful way.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Shakespeare on Screen , from the BFI, with features on Contemporary Shakespeare , Olivier and Shakespeare , Silent Shakespeare , BBC Television Shakespeare , Shakespeare on Television , Shakespeare's Comedies , Shakespeare's Early Tragedies , Shakespeare's Histories , Shakespeare's Late Plays , Shakespeare's Late Tragedies , and Shakespeare's Problem Plays .
[77] .^ Robin Goodfellow of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, for use in Leo’s variorum edition.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On P.H.'s perception of the concord of discords in "A midsummer night's dream" which he expresses through cinematic oxymoron.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ [Referring to E. Hermann, Shakespeare der Kämpfer: Die polemischen Hauptbeziehungen des Midsummer Night’s Dream und Tempest [...- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[78] .^ UC users only "A review of Michael Radford's film version of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ He sees Shakespeare's language as a challenge for accessibility to a modern audience.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The 1600 1st quarto of The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice with the Extreme Cruelty of Shylocke the Jew toward the saide Merchant in cutting a just pound of his flesh.
[79] .^ Thinks of them as “charming, and graceful, and attractive.” He is seeing [the Variorum edition of] As You Like It through the press.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Announces the title of his article for Shakespeare Jahrbuch: “ The Middle English origin of As You Like It.” [“Die mittelenglische Vorstufe von As You Like It.”] It will be about the Tale of Gamelyn.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The [Munich] Shakespeare Stage will begin later with Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night, Lear and Comedy of Errors.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[81] .^ It is most likely that Henry IV, Part 1 was composed without reference to a part 2, and that part 2 was written to build on the success of part 1.
^ The 1604 3rd quarto of Henry IV, Part 1 , from the Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
^ The second Part of Henry the Sixt , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
His characters become more complex and tender as he switches deftly between comic and serious scenes, prose and poetry, and achieves the narrative variety of his mature work.
[82] .^ A defense is presented of director Baz Luhrmann's adaptation of William Shakespeare's play in his film 'William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet', creating a parallel between the subversiveness of theater and Luhrmann's interpretation.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Four chapters of North’s Plutarch as sources to Shakespeare’s tragedies, Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and partly to Hamlet and Timon of Athens (London, 1878).- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Asks if he could borrow Leo’s copy of North’s Plutarch, since he is preparing an edition of the Schlegel-Tieck translation of Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[84] According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in
Julius Caesar "the various strands of politics, character, inwardness, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's own reflections on the act of writing, began to infuse each other".
[85]
.^ Open Source Shakespeare - concordance, keyword and advanced searching, statistics, the text of the plays, find characters, and a search of all the poetry as well.
^ The writer goes on to discuss the effectiveness of the dialogin several films, including Trevor Nunn's Twelfth Night, which may well be the best of thecurrent crop of Shakespeare films."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A man well known throughout all Italy.- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
[86] Many critics believe that Shakespeare's greatest tragedies represent the peak of his art. The titular hero of one of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies,
Hamlet, has probably been discussed more than any other Shakespearean character, especially for his famous
soliloquy "
To be or not to be; that is the question."
[87] Unlike the introverted Hamlet, whose fatal flaw is hesitation, the heroes of the tragedies that followed, Othello and King Lear, are undone by hasty errors of judgement.
[88] The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on such fatal errors or flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves.
[89] In
Othello, the villain
Iago stokes Othello's sexual jealousy to the point where he murders the innocent wife who loves him.
[90] .^ "Broken Lance," like "King Lear," examines the ending of one era, and features lead characters that are unable to adapt to a changing society."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ M. William Shak-speare: his true chronicle historie of the life and death of King Lear and his three daughters.
^ M. William Shake-speare, his true chronicle history of the life and death of King Lear, and his three daughters.
.^ DeWeese, Dan "Prospero's pharmacy : Peter Greenaway and the critics play Shakespeare's mimetic game."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ It is based on the conviction that we need a cultural history of Shakespeare's plays, and that in studying the status and the meaning of a play we should not entirely rely on criticism and performance history."
^ UC users only Discusses how television directors, Roman Polanski and Orson Welles, presented the characters of the novel 'Macbeth,' written by William Shakespeare.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[93] In this play, Shakespeare adds a supernatural element to the tragic structure.
.^ Four chapters of North’s Plutarch as sources to Shakespeare’s tragedies, Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and partly to Hamlet and Timon of Athens (London, 1878).- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Volume I contains general supplemental comments, comments to each of the plays in particular, and Shakespeare's Poetry with annotations.
^ Theobald was an eighteenth-century Shakespeare editor, literary critic, and poet; in 1726 he wrote Shakespeare Restored, in which he criticized Alexander Pope’s edition of Shakespeare."
[94]
In his final period, Shakespeare turned to
romance or
tragicomedy and completed three more major plays:
Cymbeline,
The Winter's Tale and
The Tempest, as well as the collaboration,
Pericles, Prince of Tyre.
.^ The tragedies have attracted you far more than the comedies.” He himself prefers the latter; life itself is enough of a tragedy.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Shakespeare Jahrbuch contains no less than four articles by Vincke (pp.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ My lord, I warrant you we will play our part, As he shall think by our true diligence, He is no less than what we say he is.- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
[95] .^ Moreover, part of the correspondence bears testimony to the fact that at least some representatives of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft sought and cultivated contacts with their colleagues in England and America.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ X in searchable Snippet view from GBS] For more on Capell, see his entry in the Shakespeare's Editors section.
^ Printed from a manuscript believed to be Shakespeare’s foul papers, collated with the third quarto and probably for some parts of the text with the sixth quarto.
[96] .^ The 1634 1st quarto of Two Noble Kinsmen from the Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
^ The ambiguities in William Shakespeare's 'Henry V' are absent from performances of the play and in Lawrence Olivier's and Kenneth Branagh's film versions.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[97]Performances
.^ Indeed, the Essex revolt occurred early the next year, in which Shakespeare's company played their small, though thankfully forgivable, part.
^ Introduction The Canon Tales From Shakespeare Collected Editions of the Plays HTML editions Facsimiles of early quarto and folio editions Facsimile modern editions Promptbooks Multimedia editions Productions .
^ Shakespeare on Screen , from the BFI, with features on Contemporary Shakespeare , Olivier and Shakespeare , Silent Shakespeare , BBC Television Shakespeare , Shakespeare on Television , Shakespeare's Comedies , Shakespeare's Early Tragedies , Shakespeare's Histories , Shakespeare's Late Plays , Shakespeare's Late Tragedies , and Shakespeare's Problem Plays .
.^ For links to quarto facsimile editions of individual plays, see individual plays by title below.
^ List of characters in the play on the verso of the title page in an unidentified hand."
^ The 1914, W. J. Craig, Oxford Edition of the Complete Works (37 plays, 154 sonnets), with an excellent search tool which finds words to Act/Scene divisions.
[98] .^ It is based on the conviction that we need a cultural history of Shakespeare's plays, and that in studying the status and the meaning of a play we should not entirely rely on criticism and performance history."
^ Theobald followed Shakespeare restored with his own edition of the plays (heavily indebted to an epistolary collaboration with Warburton), published in 1733.
^ Indeed, the Essex revolt occurred early the next year, in which Shakespeare's company played their small, though thankfully forgivable, part.
[99] .^ It is most likely that Henry IV, Part 1 was composed without reference to a part 2, and that part 2 was written to build on the success of part 1.
^ The 1604 3rd quarto of Henry IV, Part 1 , from the Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
^ British Library originally possessed by Garrick, and another originally possessed by George III. Another copy of the 1599 quarto of Henry IV, Part 1 from the Rare Book Room (Octavo) from a volume held by the National Library of Scotland.
[101] .^ Julius Caesar was printed for the first time in the First Folio of 1623.
^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Julius Caesar from the etext center at the University of Virginia HTML edition based on the Moby Lexical project, in turn based on the Globe edition.
.^ The play was most likely written 1594-1595.
^ King Lear was probably written in late 1605 or early 1606.
^ The play was most likely written, therefore, between 1593 and 1597, though may be a revision of a much earlier work.
[102]
.^ The second quarto was practically printed in 1619 by Thomas Pavier and William Jaggard, and fraudulently dated 1600 in order to circumvent, it is thought, an order by the Lord Chamberlain of May, 1619, that plays belonging to the King's Men could not be printed without consent.
^ Printed from a manuscript believed to have been prepared from memory by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (including Shakespeare himself) to replace a missing prompt-book.
^ Q1 is unique in having been printed during the brief period when Shakespeare's company was known as Lord Hunsdon's Men, and not the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
.^ The film, a version of the Shakespeare play of the same name, was made as the result of a pact made in 1986 between Godard and two heads of the Cannon firm, but it has not been seen for a long time because of a legal imbroglio.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ UC users only "A review of Michael Radford's film version of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The ambiguities in William Shakespeare's 'Henry V' are absent from performances of the play and in Lawrence Olivier's and Kenneth Branagh's film versions.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[103] After 1608, they performed at the indoor
Blackfriars Theatre during the winter and the Globe during the summer.
[104] The indoor setting, combined with the
Jacobean fashion for lavishly staged
masques, allowed Shakespeare to introduce more elaborate stage devices. In
Cymbeline, for example,
Jupiter descends "in thunder and lightning, sitting upon an eagle: he throws a thunderbolt. The ghosts fall on their knees."
[105]
.^ The ambiguities in William Shakespeare's 'Henry V' are absent from performances of the play and in Lawrence Olivier's and Kenneth Branagh's film versions.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A comparison is presented between the motion picture 'Independence Day', William Shakespeare's play 'Henry V' and the biblical story of King David.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ An excellent historical example of a cold-blooded killer is King Richard III, who has repeatedly been depicted on both the screen and the stage during the 20th century.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Shakespeare in Quarto , from the British Library, ninety-three quartos of twenty-one plays in their possession (many purchased from Halliwell-Phillipps, Garrick and George III).
^ The life and death of King Richard the Second , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
[106] .^ "Much ado about nothing".- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Much ado about nothing.
^ Muche Adoe about Nothinge...
[107] .^ And paint your face, and use you like a fool.- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
^ And paint your face and use you like a fool.
^ Full plays available include As You Like It , Henry IV Pt.
[108] .^ Henry V is one of the few plays by Shakespeare that can be reliably dated.
^ Shakespeare in Quarto , from the British Library, ninety-three quartos of twenty-one plays in their possession (many purchased from Halliwell-Phillipps, Garrick and George III).
^ An electronic facsimile edition of the 1619 (dated 1608) 3rd Quarto edition of Henry V from the Furness Shakespeare Library.
[109]
Textual sources
.^ First folio, 1623.
^ The first Globe edition was published in 1864.
^ Barnard, with the advice of such men of letters as Samuel Johnson, enlarged the king’s library in a methodical fashion, assembling a fine collections of religious texts, English an European history, classics, English and Italian literature, and such incunables as a Gutenberg Bible and a first edition of Caxton’s Canterbury Tales.
.^ The following illustration is taken from the First Folio text, which was printed from the first quarto text.
^ Julius Caesar was printed for the first time in the First Folio of 1623.
^ It was not printed again until the First Folio, which must have been type set from an original manuscript since the Folio version contains passages not contained in either early quarto.
[110] .^ There are four basic types: HTML editions, PDF versions, searchable scanned versions (at Google Book Search and the Internet Archive) and facsimile editions, that is, static images which represent the leaves of published volumes but cannot be searched.
^ Shakespeare in Quarto , from the British Library, ninety-three quartos of twenty-one plays in their possession (many purchased from Halliwell-Phillipps, Garrick and George III).
^ Other quartos appeared in 1604, 1608, 1613, and 1622, testifying to the popularity of the play.
[111] .^ This is the copy used for the First Folio text.
^ The First Folio text is based on the text of the first quarto, which itself may have been printed from Shakespeare's "foul papers."
^ The following illustration is taken from the First Folio text, which was printed from the first quarto text.
[113] .^ Literature/Film Quarterly; Vol.XXIX nr.2 (2001); p.128-134 Examines the differences that cinematic reproduction makes to the endings of Shakespeare in several film versions of the plays.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Printed from a manuscript believed to be Shakespeare’s foul papers, collated with the third quarto and probably for some parts of the text with the sixth quarto.
^ This research has focused on how different audiences refunction Luhrmann's film and actor Leonardo DiCaprio's presence to meet their own needs and pleasures.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The First Folio text is based on the text of the first quarto, which itself may have been printed from Shakespeare's "foul papers."
[114] .^ An original spelling transcription of Timon of Athens (1623 First Folio Edition) from the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.
^ "Staunton's text was based on a collation of the folio editions with the early quartos and with the texts of modern editors from Rowe [1709] to Dyce [1857].
^ The volume had previously belonged to George III. The 1599 2nd quarto of Romeo and Juliet from Internet Shakespeare Editions from the volume held by the British Library.
.^ The life and death of King Richard the Second , in the First Folio of 1623 (Jaggard and Blount), from Internet Shakespeare Editions (University of Victoria) from a volume held by Brandeis University Library.
^ The second quarto was practically printed in 1619 by Thomas Pavier and William Jaggard, and fraudulently dated 1600 in order to circumvent, it is thought, an order by the Lord Chamberlain of May, 1619, that plays belonging to the King's Men could not be printed without consent.
^ The first quarto of Romeo and Juliet, commonly thought to be a "bad," pirated version, was printed in 1597 with the following title page: An excellent conceited tragedie of Romeo and Iuliet.
[115]
Poems
.^ "Now at the Bodleian Library, this 1594 quarto of The Rape of Lucrece is the first of seven other Shakespeare quartos inlaid in Edmund Malone’s Volume III..."
^ Unique to the ISE site is a 1593 1st quarto of Venus and Adonis from U. Victoria's MacPherson Library, and a facsimile edition of John Velz's 1968 Shakespeare and the Classical Tradition .
^ Declines to write an obituary on Thümmel, because the deceased was too close to him [an obituary on J.S. Thümmel appeared anonymously in Shakespeare Jahrbuch, 21 (1886), pp.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He dedicated them to
Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. In
Venus and Adonis, an innocent
Adonis rejects the sexual advances of
Venus; while in
The Rape of Lucrece, the virtuous wife
Lucrece is raped by the lustful
Tarquin.
[116] Influenced by
Ovid's Metamorphoses,
[117] the poems show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust.
[118] .^ A popular theory of Shakespeare's life has him serving as Southampton's secretary or literary assistant during this period of closure of the public playhouses.
.^ A Lovers Complaint appears after Sonnet 154.
^ The Chalmers Edition of 1805 Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare first appeared in 1805, issued in ten volumes (Murphy's edition number 413, see Shakespeare in Print , p.
^ Electronic facsimiles of modern (usually nineteenth century or later) printed editions, now in the public domain.
Critics consider that its fine qualities are marred by leaden effects.
[119] .^ IX - (1866) - Antony and Cleopatra; Cymbeline; Pericles; Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece; Sonnets; A Lover's Complaint; The Passionate Pilgrim; The Phoenix and the Turtle.
^ II and Poems) [ IA ] Macbeth Troilus and Cressida Coriolanus Julius Caesar Antony and Cleopatra Supplementary Notice to the Three Roman Plays Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece Sonnets A Lover's Complaint The Passionate Pilgrim Verses Among the Additional Poems to Chester's Love's Martyr, 1601 Supplementary Notice to the Poems Vol.
.^ McMurtry, Jo "'His Name, My Lord, Is Tyrrel': Comparing Scenes in Two Versions of Richard III." Shakespeare on Film Newsletter , vol.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[120]
Sonnets
Title page from 1609 edition of
Shake-Speares Sonnets.
.^ Malone left his uncompleted work on Shakespeare to James Boswell the younger, who had it published in a 21-volume octavo edition in 1821 (Third Variorum Edition).
^ The works of William Shakespeare , Edition: 2, Published by Chapman and Hall, 1864-67.
^ A transcription of the 1609 edition of the Sonnets , originally published as a Scolar Press Facsimile of the 1609 Edition, from the Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.
Scholars are not certain when each of the 154 sonnets was composed, but evidence suggests that Shakespeare wrote sonnets throughout his career for a private readership.
[121] .^ His collected essays on textual cruxes were published in English as Shakespeare Notes (1885).- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Refers to his Hamlet conjectures published in Athenaeum, to which Dr. Cartwright from Shrewsbury has responded; also sends his own book for review in Shakespeare Jahrbuch.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[123] He seems to have planned two contrasting series: one about uncontrollable lust for a married woman of dark complexion (the "dark lady"), and one about conflicted love for a fair young man (the "fair youth"). It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial "I" who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though
Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets "Shakespeare unlocked his heart".
[124] The 1609 edition was dedicated to a "Mr. W.H.", credited as "the only begetter" of the poems. It is not known whether this was written by Shakespeare himself or by the publisher,
Thomas Thorpe, whose initials appear at the foot of the dedication page; nor is it known who Mr. W.H. was, despite numerous theories, or whether Shakespeare even authorised the publication.
[125] Critics praise the
Sonnets as a profound meditation on the nature of love, sexual passion, procreation, death, and time.
[126]
|
"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate..."
|
| Lines from Shakespeare's Sonnet 18.[127] |
.^ Most theater and motion picture production groups have presented some ofShakespeare's works in a way that makes it easier for people to understandthem.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[128] .^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A (Two-Dimensional) Literary-Psychological Re-Reading of Shakespeare's Macbeth with Jeremy Freeston and Henry Fuseli."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[128] The French and Italian poets gave preference to the Italian form of sonnet—two groups of four lines, or
quatrains (always rhymed a-b-b-a a-b-b-a) followed by two groups of three lines, or
tercets (variously rhymed c-c-d e-e-d or c-c-d e-d-e)—which created a sonorous music in the
vowel rich
Romance languages, but in Shakespeare it is artificial and monotonous for the
English language.
.^ Criticizes Orson Welles's use of Shakespeare's language and history in Chimes at Midnight.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The main challenge facing any filmmaker adapting Shakespeare is how to deal with the language, through which he delighted popular audiences with his poetic gifts and playful use of words.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[128]
Style
Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day. He wrote them in a stylised language that does not always spring naturally from the needs of the characters or the drama.
[129] .^ During rehearsals, he often provides background information aboutthe characters and time period, but encourages actors to add their ownpersonal response to the language.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Often Zeffirelli's camera will focus on the bearer rather than the object of the gaze, and often the bearer will be one of his handsome leading actors such as Michael York or Leonard Whiting.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
The grand speeches in
Titus Andronicus, in the view of some critics, often hold up the action, for example; and the verse in
Two Gentlemen of Verona has been described as stilted.
[130]Soon, however, Shakespeare began to adapt the traditional styles to his own purposes.
.^ "Integrating multimodal analysis and the stylistics of drama: a multimodal perspective on Ian McKellen's Richard III." Language & Literature , Nov2008, Vol.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ The film, a version of the Shakespeare play of the same name, was made as the result of a pact made in 1986 between Godard and two heads of the Cannon firm, but it has not been seen for a long time because of a legal imbroglio.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ It examines the film as an adaptation of the play of the same name by William Shakespeare and discusses its use of sound.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Is looking forward to seeing Leo again in Weimar [at Shakespeare Gesellschaft meeting].- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[131] No single play marks a change from the traditional to the freer style.
.^ Graham Holderness and Christopher McCullough list 23 film adaptations of William Shakespeare's play 'Romeo and Juliet' in a selected filmography.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Dead letters, ghostly fathers, and the cultural pathology of authorship in Baz Luhrmann's 'William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet'."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ It is important to consider the position of Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film 'William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet' within Shakespeare culture and world popular culture.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[132] By the time of
Romeo and Juliet,
Richard II, and
A Midsummer Night's Dream in the mid-1590s, Shakespeare had begun to write a more natural poetry. He increasingly tuned his metaphors and images to the needs of the drama itself.
Pity by
William Blake, 1795,
Tate Britain, is an illustration of two similes in
Macbeth: "And pity, like a naked new-born babe, / Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, hors'd / Upon the sightless couriers of the air".
Shakespeare's standard poetic form was
blank verse, composed in
iambic pentameter. In practice, this meant that his verse was usually unrhymed and consisted of ten syllables to a line, spoken with a stress on every second syllable. The blank verse of his early plays is quite different from that of his later ones. It is often beautiful, but its sentences tend to start, pause, and finish at the
end of lines, with the risk of monotony.
[133] Once Shakespeare mastered traditional blank verse, he began to interrupt and vary its flow.
.^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ In: Julius Caesar : new critical essays / edited by Horst Zander.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ (Berkeley users only) Griffin, Alice "Shakespeare Through the Camera's Eye--Julius Caesar in Motion Pictures; Hamlet and Othello on Television."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
Shakespeare uses it, for example, to convey the turmoil in Hamlet's mind:
[134]
- Sir, in my heart there was a kind of fighting
- That would not let me sleep. Methought I lay
- Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Rashly—
- And prais'd be rashness for it—let us know
- Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well...
- Hamlet, Act 5, Scene 2, 4–8[134]
.^ The 1980 BBC teleplay made Hamlet's longings more explicit, while Franco Zeffirelli's 1990 version carried Olivier's Oedipal interpretation even further.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Examines the visual techniques of 3 widely variant versions of Hamlet, (by Gade, Olivier and Richardson) one of Shakespeare's least visual works.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ Examines the visual techniques of 3 widely variant versions of Hamlet, (by Gade, Olivier and Richardson) one of Shakespeare's least visual works.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Advises Leo to avoid complete listings of textual variants and to concentrate instead on the question of which edition of [North’s] Plutarch was accessible to Shakespeare and what use of it he made in his plays.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
These included
run-on lines, irregular pauses and stops, and extreme variations in sentence structure and length.
[136] In
Macbeth, for example, the language darts from one unrelated metaphor or simile to another: "was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?" (1.7.35–38); "...pity, like a naked new-born babe/ Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, hors'd/ Upon the sightless couriers of the air..." (1.7.21–25). The listener is challenged to complete the sense.
[136] .^ At last, though long, our jarring notes agree: And time it is when raging war is done, To smile at 'scapes and perils overblown.- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
^ I have watch'd so long That I am dog-weary; but at last I spied An ancient angel coming down the hill Will serve the turn.- The Taming of the Shrew - Wikisource 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC en.wikisource.org [Source type: Original source]
^ But if Leo cannot have it ready in time he will be able to substitute another one.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[137]
Shakespeare's poetic genius was allied with a practical sense of the theatre.
[138] .^ Suggests that Leo allow some extra time; in Wörlitz he would like to show him a Shakespeare portrait, an old English copy of the Jansen portrait.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His interests are mainly linguistic, especially since all his spare time has been consumed by his work on the Shakespeare-Lexicon.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[139] He reshaped each plot to create several centres of interest and show as many sides of a narrative to the audience as possible.
.^ (Berkeley users only) Gronsky, Daniel "Shakespeare in Translation: Foreign Film Versions of Shakespeare's Plays."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A defense is presented of director Baz Luhrmann's adaptation of William Shakespeare's play in his film 'William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet', creating a parallel between the subversiveness of theater and Luhrmann's interpretation.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ This new adaption of Shakespeare's play relocates the drama from Elsinore to the Elsinore Hotel in contemporary New York.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[140] As Shakespeare’s mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. He preserved aspects of his earlier style in the later plays, however. In his
late romances, he deliberately returned to a more artificial style, which emphasised the illusion of theatre.
[141]Influence
.^ Shakespeare's works) American Theatre v15, n6 (July-August, 1998):22 (8 pages).- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of
characterisation,
plot,
language, and
genre.
[142] .^ Modenessi, Alfredo Michel ""(Un)doing the book "without Verona walls": a view from the receiving end of Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[143] .^ Tiffany, Grace "Not much information about Bollywood Shakespeare."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Refers to “today’s Times” as reporting on a “Shakespeare album” sent to Birmingham by Leo and asks for more information about it.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[144] His work heavily influenced later poetry. The
Romantic poets attempted to revive Shakespearean verse drama, though with little success. Critic
George Steiner described all English verse dramas from
Coleridge to
Tennyson as "feeble variations on Shakespearean themes."
[145]
.^ In: William Shakespeare: his world, his work, his influence / John F. Andrews, editor.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.^ His film "Karl Lier," an adaptation of the play "King Lear" by William Shakespeare, is examined.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Issue 2, p92-100, 9p UC users only "The article discusses western film adaptations of William Shakespeare's "King Lear."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The cinematic discourse of Peter Brook's unconventional film adaptation of Shakespeare's 'King Lear' is best understood in symbiosis with its screenplay and the playtext.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[146] .^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
These include two
operas by
Giuseppe Verdi,
Otello and
Falstaff, whose critical standing compares with that of the source plays.
[147] Shakespeare has also inspired many painters, including the Romantics and the
Pre-Raphaelites.
.^ A (Two-Dimensional) Literary-Psychological Re-Reading of Shakespeare's Macbeth with Jeremy Freeston and Henry Fuseli."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[148] The
psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud drew on Shakespearean psychology, in particular that of Hamlet, for his theories of human nature.
.^ He sees Shakespeare's language as a challenge for accessibility to a modern audience.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Criticizes Orson Welles's use of Shakespeare's language and history in Chimes at Midnight.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ The main challenge facing any filmmaker adapting Shakespeare is how to deal with the language, through which he delighted popular audiences with his poetic gifts and playful use of words.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[149] .^ Which I could fancy more than any other.- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
- » The Taming of the Shrew. The script. 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC www.shakespeare-by-the-sea.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Remarks on Hunting of the Snark: the Boojum/Snark question is more serious than Leo thinks.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He has worked on this translation for more than ten years.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[150] Expressions such as "with bated breath" (
Merchant of Venice) and "a foregone conclusion" (
Othello) have found their way into everyday English speech.
[151]
Critical reputation
Shakespeare was never revered in his lifetime, but he received his share of praise.
[153] In 1598, the cleric and author
Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as "the most excellent" in both comedy and tragedy.
[154] And the authors of the
Parnassus plays at
St John's College, Cambridge, numbered him with
Chaucer,
Gower and
Spenser.
[155] In the
First Folio,
Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the "Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage", though he had remarked elsewhere that "Shakespeare wanted art". He was also recognised highly by James I by making them his 'Kings Men'.
[156]Between
the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and the end of the seventeenth century, classical ideas were in vogue. As a result, critics of the time mostly rated Shakespeare below
John Fletcher and
Ben Jonson.
[157] Thomas Rymer, for example, condemned Shakespeare for mixing the comic with the tragic.
.^ You Germans seem to love Shakespeare so much and to study him so profoundly.” White is thinking of writing an article to show that Shakespeare wrote Bacon’s works.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But among those who wrote to him, soliciting his ideas or responding to them, were virtually all the leading representatives of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft; what they discussed were matters of both principle and practical organization, scholarly views as well as problems connected with publication projects and contracts.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Refers to his Hamlet conjectures published in Athenaeum, to which Dr. Cartwright from Shrewsbury has responded; also sends his own book for review in Shakespeare Jahrbuch.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
A series of scholarly editions of his work, notably those of
Samuel Johnson in 1765 and
Edmond Malone in 1790, added to his growing reputation.
[159] By 1800, he was firmly enshrined as the national poet.
[160] In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, his reputation also spread abroad. Among those who championed him were the writers
Voltaire,
Goethe,
Stendhal and
Victor Hugo.
[161].^ Honoraria are arranged: M 100 per play for revision ('Correctur') of a Schlegel translation; M 140 for revision ('Neubearbeitung') of a Tieck translation.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ States that he has discovered a French Shakespeare translation (10 plays) of 1746 and enquires if the Shakespeare Jahrbuch has ever published anything on it.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Now that Leo has finished the translation of Macbeth he ought to deal with Coriolanus, “ the most difficult” of Shakespeare’s plays.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[162] In the nineteenth century, critical admiration for Shakespeare's genius often bordered on adulation.
[163] .^ His film "Karl Lier," an adaptation of the play "King Lear" by William Shakespeare, is examined.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ A comparison is presented between the motion picture 'Independence Day', William Shakespeare's play 'Henry V' and the biblical story of King David.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Cartelli, Thomas }Shakespeare and the Street: Pacino's Looking for Richard, Bedford's Street King, and the Common Understanding."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[165] .^ This new adaption of Shakespeare's play relocates the drama from Elsinore to the Elsinore Hotel in contemporary New York.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Jess-Cooke, Carolyn Shakespeare on film : such things as dreams are made of London ; New York : Wallflower, 2007.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ DeWeese, Dan "Prospero's pharmacy : Peter Greenaway and the critics play Shakespeare's mimetic game."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[166]
.^ Argues that this "schizophrenic" aspect of Branagh's cultural heritage informs his merging of the "high" culture of Shakespeare with the "low" cultural form of film and is indicative of art during the postmodern age."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ However, a review of modern theater renditions and film adaptationsof Shakespearean works during the early 1998 showed that they have onlyundermined some values for appreciating Shakespeare's plays.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ William Shakespeare's cinematic renaissance ended in the twentieth century with John Madden's Shakespeare in Love.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
The
Expressionists in Germany and the
Futurists in Moscow mounted productions of his plays. Marxist playwright and director
Bertolt Brecht devised an
epic theatre under the influence of Shakespeare. The poet and critic
T. S. Eliot argued against Shaw that Shakespeare's "primitiveness" in fact made him truly modern.
[167] Eliot, along with
G. Wilson Knight and the school of
New Criticism, led a movement towards a closer reading of Shakespeare's imagery.
.^ He never held a university post, though for a brief period (1873-1875) he did lecture on Shakespeare at Herrig’s academy of modern languages.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[168] .^ Jess-Cooke, Carolyn Shakespeare on film : such things as dreams are made of London ; New York : Wallflower, 2007.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ For example, in New York City before Christmas1996 three new Shakespeare films were showing, with another to open onChristmas.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[169][170]
Speculation about Shakespeare
Authorship
.^ Is working on an article on friendship in Shakespeare’s plays; will send him the manuscript.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The study of Shakespeare has been dropped from many school curriculums, buthis popularity continues virtually unabated and his works continue to beproduced around the world.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ You Germans seem to love Shakespeare so much and to study him so profoundly.” White is thinking of writing an article to show that Shakespeare wrote Bacon’s works.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[171] Proposed alternative candidates include
Francis Bacon,
Christopher Marlowe, and
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.
[172] Several "group theories" have also been proposed.
[173] .^ (UC Berkeley users only) Niyogi De, Esha "Modern Shakespeare in popular Bombay cinema: translation, subjectivity and community."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[175]
Religion
.^ He has for some time been almost exclusively interested in Shakespeare.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Also reports that the family of the late ten Brink would permit the publication of some of ten Brink’s Shakespeare lectures and has asked him to negotiate an honorarium.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Suggests that Leo allow some extra time; in Wörlitz he would like to show him a Shakespeare portrait, an old English copy of the Jansen portrait.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[176] Shakespeare's mother,
Mary Arden, certainly came from a pious Catholic family. The strongest evidence might be a Catholic statement of faith signed by
John Shakespeare, found in 1757 in the rafters of his former house in Henley Street. The document is now lost, however, and scholars differ on its authenticity.
[177] In 1591, the authorities reported that John had missed church "for fear of process for debt", a common Catholic excuse.
[178] In 1606, William's daughter Susanna was listed among those who failed to attend Easter
communion in Stratford.
[178] .^ Throughout the play, Shakespeare reveals how Venetian society defined itself through tropes of measurement and weight, and Radford and his brilliant cast find telling ways to embody those methods of knowing and acting in the world.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[179]
Sexuality
Few details of Shakespeare's sexuality are known. At 18, he married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant.
.^ William Shakespeare's cinematic renaissance ended in the twentieth century with John Madden's Shakespeare in Love.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ Bemrose, John "What muddled dreams may come: Hollywood loves -- but doesn't quite trust -- Shakespeare."- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ He served as 'text' adviser on three film adaptations of Shakespeare by Kenneth Branagh, on Oliver Parker's 'Othello' and on John Madden's'Shakespeare in Love.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
Others read the same passages as the expression of intense
friendship rather than sexual love.
[180] At the same time, the twenty-six so-called
"Dark Lady" sonnets, addressed to a married woman, are taken as evidence of heterosexual liaisons.
[181]Portraiture
.^ Also reports that he has written to England for the New Shakespeare Society’s bulletins, which he would like to review.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
From the eighteenth century, the desire for authentic Shakespeare portraits fueled claims that various surviving pictures depicted Shakespeare. That demand also led to the production of several fake portraits, as well as misattributions, repaintings and relabelling of portraits of other people.
[183][184]
List of works
Classification of the plays
.^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
[185] .^ Faith, gentlemen, now I play a merchant’s part, .- Online Library of Liberty - The Taming of the Shrew 22 January 2010 1:28 UTC oll.libertyfund.org [Source type: Original source]
[186] No poems were included in the First Folio.
In the late nineteenth century,
Edward Dowden classified four of the late comedies as
romances, and though many scholars prefer to call them
tragicomedies, his term is often used.
[187] These plays and the associated
Two Noble Kinsmen are marked with an asterisk (*) below. In 1896,
Frederick S. Boas coined the term "
problem plays" to describe four plays:
All's Well That Ends Well,
Measure for Measure,
Troilus and Cressida and
Hamlet.
[188] "Dramas as singular in theme and temper cannot be strictly called comedies or tragedies", he wrote. "We may therefore borrow a convenient phrase from the theatre of today and class them together as Shakespeare's problem plays."
[189] The term, much debated and sometimes applied to other plays, remains in use, though
Hamlet is definitively classed as a tragedy.
[190] The other problem plays are marked below with a double dagger (‡).
Plays thought to be only partly written by Shakespeare are marked with a dagger (†) below. Other works occasionally attributed to him are listed as apocrypha.
Works
- Comedies
|
- Histories
|
- Tragedies
|
- Poems
|
- Lost plays
|
- Apocrypha
|
See also
Notes
- b. ^ The "national cult" of Shakespeare, and the "bard" identification, dates from September 1769, when the actor David Garrick organised a week-long carnival at Stratford to mark the town council awarding him the freedom of the town. In addition to presenting the town with a statue of Shakespeare, Garrick composed a doggerel verse, lampooned in the London newspapers, naming the banks of the Avon as the birthplace of the "matchless Bard".[192]
- c. ^ The exact figures are unknown. .
- d. ^ Individual play dates and precise writing span are unknown.^ Questions of Shakespeare as author of the plays with which he is identified and the possibility of his work having been collaborative are raised in these movies but ultimately resolved in his favor.'
- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
^ An analysis is presented on the 1953 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar', a collaborate effort by director Joseph Mankiewicz and actor John Houseman.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
.
- e. ^ The Passionate Pilgrim, published under Shakespeare's name in 1599 without his permission, includes early versions of two of his sonnets, three extracts from Love's Labour's Lost, several poems known to be by other poets, and eleven poems of unknown authorship for which the attribution to Shakespeare has not been disproved.^ He does it under name of perfect love; .
^ Acknowledges printed version of Leo’s lecture on Shakespeare’s ideal of womanhood and regrets not having been present at the meeting of the Shakespeare Gesellschaft at which it was delivered [published as Shakespeare’s Frauen-Ideale (Halle, 1868)].- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In response to a translation by Leo of a sonnet [Daniel, Delia, IX?], von Friesen is now sending manuscript translations of the same and three other Daniel sonnets.- http://shakespeare.folger.edu/other/html/dfoleo.html 18 September 2009 8:32 UTC shakespeare.folger.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[193]
References
- ^ Greenblatt 2005, 11; Bevington 2002, 1–3; Wells 1997, 399.
- ^ Dobson 1992, 185–186
- ^ Craig 2003, 3.
- ^ Shapiro 2005, xvii–xviii; Schoenbaum 1991, 41, 66, 397–98, 402, 409; Taylor 1990, 145, 210–23, 261–5
- ^ Chambers 1930, Vol. 1: 270–71; Taylor 1987, 109–134.
- ^ Bertolini 1993, 119.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 14–22.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 24–6.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 24, 296; Honan 1998, 15–16.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 23–24.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 62–63; Ackroyd 2006, 53; Wells et al. 2005, xv–xvi
- ^ Baldwin 1944, 464.
- ^ Baldwin 1944, 164–84; Cressy 1975, 28, 29.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 77–78.
- ^ Wood 2003, 84; Schoenbaum 1987, 78–79.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 93.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 94.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 224.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 95.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 97–108; Rowe 1709.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 144–45.
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- ^ Wells 2006, 28; Schoenbaum 1987, 144–46; Chambers 1930, Vol. 1: 59.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 184.
- ^ Chambers 1923, 208–209.
- ^ Chambers 1930, Vol. 2: 67–71.
- ^ Bentley 1961, 36.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 188; Kastan 1999, 37; Knutson 2001, 17
- ^ Adams 1923, 275
- ^ Wells 2006, 28.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 200.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 200–201.
- ^ Rowe 1709.
- ^ Ackroyd 2006, 357; Wells et al. 2005, xxii
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 202–3.
- ^ Honan 1998, 121.
- ^ Shapiro 2005, 122.
- ^ Honan 1998, 325; Greenblatt 2005, 405.
- ^ a b Ackroyd 2006, 476.
- ^ Honan 1998, 382–83.
- ^ Honan 1998, 326; Ackroyd 2006, 462–464.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 272–274.
- ^ Honan 1998, 387.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 279.
- ^ Honan 1998, 375–78.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 276.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 25, 296.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 287.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 292, 294.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 304.
- ^ Honan 1998, 395–96.
- ^ Chambers 1930, Vol. 2: 8, 11, 104; Schoenbaum 1987, 296.
- ^ Chambers 1930, Vol. 2: 7, 9, 13; Schoenbaum 1987, 289, 318–19.
- ^ Charles Knight, 1842, in his notes on Twelfth Night, quoted in Schoenbaum 1991, 275.
- ^ Ackroyd 2006, 483; Frye 2005, 16; Greenblatt 2005, 145–6.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 301–3.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 306–07; Wells et al. 2005, xviii
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 308–10.
- ^ National Portrait Gallery, Searching for Shakespeare, NPG publications, 2006
- ^ Thomson, Peter, "Conventions of Playwriting". in Wells & Orlin 2003, 49.
- ^ Frye 2005, 9; Honan 1998, 166.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 159–61; Frye 2005, 9.
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- ^ McDonald 2006, 43–46.
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- ^ Wells et al. 2005, 1247, 1279
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, xx
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- ^ Shapiro 2005, 16.
- ^ Foakes 1990, 6; Shapiro 2005, 125–31.
- ^ Foakes 1990, 6; Nagler 1958, 7; Shapiro 2005, 131–2.
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, xxii
- ^ Foakes 1990, 33.
- ^ Ackroyd 2006, 454; Holland 2000, xli.
- ^ Ringler 1997, 127.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 210; Chambers 1930, Vol. 1: 341.
- ^ Shapiro 2005, 247–9.
- ^ a b Wells et al. 2005, 1247
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, xxxvii
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, xxxiv
- ^ Pollard 1909, xi.
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, xxxiv; Pollard 1909, xi; Maguire 1996, 28.
- ^ Bowers 1955, 8–10; Wells et al. 2005, xxxiv–xxxv
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, 909, 1153
- ^ Rowe 2006, 21.
- ^ Frye 2005, 288.
- ^ Rowe 2006, 3, 21.
- ^ Rowe 2006, 1; Jackson 2004, 267–294; Honan 1998, 289.
- ^ Rowe 2006, 1; Honan 1998, 289; Schoenbaum 1987, 327.
- ^ Wood 2003, 178; Schoenbaum 1987, 180.
- ^ Honan 1998, 180.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 268.
- ^ Honan 1998, 180; Schoenbaum 1987, 180.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, 268–269.
- ^ Wood 2003, 177.
- ^ Shakespeare 1914.
- ^ a b c Bruce MacEvoy. "Shakespeare's Sonnets", 2005. Retrieved on June 18th.
- ^ Clemen 2005a, 150.
- ^ Frye 2005, 105, 177; Clemen 2005b, 29.
- ^ Brooke, Nicholas, "Language and Speaker in Macbeth", 69; and Bradbrook, M.C., "Shakespeare's Recollection of Marlowe", 195: both in Edwards, Ewbank & Hunter 2004.
- ^ Clemen 2005b, 63.
- ^ Frye 2005, 185.
- ^ a b Wright 2004, 868.
- ^ Bradley 1991, 91.
- ^ a b McDonald 2006, 42–6.
- ^ McDonald 2006, 36, 39, 75.
- ^ Gibbons 1993, 4.
- ^ Gibbons 1993, 1–4.
- ^ Gibbons 1993, 1–7, 15.
- ^ McDonald 2006, 13; Meagher 2003, 358.
- ^ Chambers 1944, 35.
- ^ Levenson 2000, 49–50.
- ^ Clemen 1987, 179.
- ^ Steiner 1996, 145.
- ^ Bryant 1998, 82.
- ^ Gross, John, "Shakespeare's Influence" in Wells & Orlin 2003, 641–2..
- ^ Paraisz 2006, 130.
- ^ Crystal 2001, 55–65, 74.
- ^ Wain 1975, 194.
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- ^ Jonson 1996, 10.
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- ^ Grady 2001b, 266.
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- ^ Grady 2001b, 269.
- ^ Dryden 1889, 71.
- ^ Grady 2001b, 270–27; Levin 1986, 217.
- ^ Dobson 1992 Cited by Grady 2001b, 270.
- ^ Grady cites Voltaire's Philosophical Letters (1733); Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795); Stendhal's two-part pamphlet Racine et Shakespeare (1823–5); and Victor Hugo's prefaces to Cromwell (1827) and William Shakespeare (1864). Grady 2001b, 272–274.
- ^ Levin 1986, 223.
- ^ Sawyer 2003, 113.
- ^ Carlyle 1907, 161.
- ^ Schoch 2002, 58–59.
- ^ Grady 2001b, 276.
- ^ Grady 2001a, 22–6.
- ^ Grady 2001a, 24.
- ^ Grady 2001a, 29.
- ^ Drakakis 1985, 16–17, 23–25
- ^ McMichael & Glenn 1962.
- ^ Gibson 2005, 48, 72, 124.
- ^ McMichael & Glenn 1962, p. 56.
- ^ Did He or Didn’t He? That Is the Question, New York Times, April 22, 2007
- ^ Kathman, David, "The Question of Authorship" in Wells & Orlin 2003, 620, 625–626; Love 2002, 194–209; Schoenbaum 1991, 430–40.
- ^ Pritchard 1979, 3.
- ^ Wood 2003, 75–8; Ackroyd 2006, 22–3.
- ^ a b Wood 2003, 78; Ackroyd 2006, 416; Schoenbaum 1987, 41–2, 286.
- ^ Wilson 2004, 34; Shapiro 2005, 167.
- ^ Casey; Pequigney 1985; Evans 1996, 132.
- ^ Fort 1927, 406–414.
- ^ Tarnya Cooper, Searching for Shakespeare, National Portrait Gallery, Yale University Press, 2006, pp. 48; 57.
- ^ Pressly, William L. "The Ashbourne Portrait of Shakespeare: Through the Looking Glass." Shakespeare Quarterly. 1993: pp. 54–72.
- ^ David Piper" O Sweet Mr. Shakespeare I'll Have His Picture: The Changing Image of Shakespeare's Person, 1600-1800, National Portrait Gallery, Pergamon Press, 1980.
- ^ Boyce 1996, 91, 193, 513..
- ^ Kathman, David, "The Question of Authorship" in Wells & Orlin 2003, 629; Boyce 1996, 91.
- ^ Edwards 1958, 1–10; Snyder & Curren-Aquino 2007.
- ^ Schanzer 1963, 1–10.
- ^ Boas 1896, 345.
- ^ Schanzer 1963, 1; Bloom 1999, 325–380; Berry 2005, 37.
- ^ Schoenbaum 1987, xv.
- ^ McIntyre 1999, 412–432
- ^ Wells et al. 2005, 805
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^ UCB Main PR3093 .W55 1991 UCB Moffitt PR3093 .W55 1991 Willson, Robert Frank Shakespeare in Hollywood, 1929-1956 Madison [N.J.]: London; Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Associated University Presses, 2000.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
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^ Roman Polanski's movie of William Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' makes use of reversals in the story, and three reversals are Polanski's works.- Shakespeare on Film & Video: Books in the UC Berkeley Library 28 January 2010 0:50 UTC www.lib.berkeley.edu [Source type: General]
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(2003), Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199245223 .
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