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Sophora flavescens
S flavescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Sophoreae
Genus: Sophora
Species: S. flavescens
Binomial name
Sophora flavescens
Aiton
matrin and its oxide

Sophora flavescens is a species of plant in the genus Sophora. Ku shen (the root)[1] or kushenin (a flavonoid compound) is a typical traditional Chinese medicine[2] that is found in this plant. It is commonly used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, viral myocarditis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage[3] and skin diseases (such as colpitis, psoriasis and eczema). Its roots contain quinolizidine alkaloids, includying matrine (CAS-Number 519-02-8) and its oxide,[4] that interfere TNF-alpha and IL-6, suggesting that oxymatrine may inhibit the expression of the above pro-inflammatory cytokines.[5] Matrine also inhibited expression of Substance P and NK-1R in a human model of skin inflammation,[6] as well as acting as an agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors.[7][8]

Contents

Oxymatrine's agriculture use

Oxymatrine can be used as a plant fertilizer or plant growth regulator, because it can help the plants and crops grow healthily and quickly by providing the plants with nutrients. It has been tested for its influence upon the activity of the grain grouting of paddy, the accumulation and transmission of nutrient organism's dry weight, sugar and phosphoric acid of leaves synthesis of enzymes, the activity of acidic zymose and the content of sugar and starch. This shows Oxymatrine has regulation functions in the growth and the metabolism of paddy. Oxymatrine can promote the dry matter’s transmission to tassel from the leaves and stem and sheath, increase the activity of enzyme synthesis from sugar and phosphoric acid and decreases the activity of acidic zymose, which is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar.

Oxymatrine's regulating function

Oxymatrine’s regulation of plant growth has been tested with the Auxin Bio-test method, which showed it could increase the fresh and dry weight of a cucumber plant's cotyledon, promoting photosynthesis and enhancing the plant's growth below a temperature of 25 ℃. Oxymatrine has irritant activity upon the growth of certain crops and plants. [9]

Notes

  1. ^ You-Ping Zhu 1998 Chinese Materia Medica - Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications ISBN 9057022850
  2. ^ Schwarte A 2002 Phytochemische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen der Wurzeln von Sophora flavescens,unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Wirkung auf die Leukotrien- und Prostaglandinbiosynthese
  3. ^ Yamazaki M.2000. The pharmacological studies on matrine and oxymatrine. Yakugaku Zasshi 120(10) 1025-1033Abtracts
  4. ^ Yoshikawa et al. (1985) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33, 4267.
  5. ^ Ping Zheng, Feng-Li Niu, Wen-Zhong Liu, Yao Shi, Lun-Gen Lu 2005. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of rats World Gastroenterology 11,4012
  6. ^ Liu JY, Hu JH, Zhu QG, Li FQ, Wang J, Sun HJ. Effect of matrine on the expression of substance P receptor and inflammatory cytokines production in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. International Immunopharmacology. 2007 Jun;7(6):816-23. PMID 17466915
  7. ^ Xiao P, Kubo H, Ohsawa M, Higashiyama K, Nagase H, Yan YN, Li JS, Kamei J, Ohmiya S. kappa-Opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive effects of stereoisomers and derivatives of (+)-matrine in mice. Planta Medica. 1999 Apr;65(3):230-3. PMID 10232067
  8. ^ Higashiyama K, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi T, Imai S, Kamei J, Yajima Y, Narita M, Suzuki T. Implication of the descending dynorphinergic neuron projecting to the spinal cord in the (+)-matrine- and (+)-allomatrine-induced antinociceptive effects. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2005 May;28(5):845-8. PMID 15863891
  9. ^ 1. By Zhao zhongren and Li guangren etc from Elements Organic Chemistry Institute from Nankai University of China, 《Botany Gazette》the 6th edition and the 30th file in 1988 oxymatrine is not useful for plant growth regulation

References

  • Terada, M.; Sano, M.; Ishii, A.I. et al. - Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths. (IV). Effects of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 79: 105-111, 1982.
  • medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea
  • [1]

Wikispecies

Up to date as of January 23, 2010

From Wikispecies

Sophora flavescens.jpg

Taxonavigation

Classification System: APG II (down to family level)

Main Page
Cladus: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiospermae
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales
Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Sophoreae
Genus: Sophora
Species: Sophora flavescens

Name

Sophora flavescens Aiton

References

  • Hort. kew. 2:43. 1789
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Data from 07-Oct-06]. 34953
Wikimedia Commons For more multimedia, look at Sophora flavescens on Wikimedia Commons.







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