From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
pilot episode of
SpongeBob SquarePants first aired in the United States on Nickelodeon on May 1, 1999, following the
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. The "official" series
premiere followed on July 17, 1999, with the second episode, "
Bubblestand/
Ripped Pants." The show reached popularity shortly after the beginning of its second season and has remained popular since. A
feature film of the series was released in theaters on November 19, 2004. The series is currently in its seventh season and celebrated its tenth anniversary on May 1, 2009.
SpongeBob has recently been renewed for an eighth season, which will make it the longest running show in Nickelodeon's history, surpassing
Rugrats upon the completion of the 26th episode that season.
Characters
SpongeBob SquarePants is an extremely energetic and optimistic
sea sponge (although his appearance more closely resembles a
kitchen sponge) who lives in a
pineapple under the sea with his pet
snail Gary, who meows like a
cat. Although Gary only speaks in a few episodes, the characters have shown an ability to understand him. Living two houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend
Patrick Star, a dim-witted yet friendly
pink starfish who lives under a
rock. Living between the two is
Squidward Tentacles, an arrogant and egotistical
squid who lives in a
moai and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for their child-like behavior. He enjoys playing the
clarinet and painting self-portraits.
Another close friend of SpongeBob's is
Sandy Cheeks, a
red squirrel from
Texas, who was sent to Bikini Bottom to do scientific research for her
chimpanzee bosses. Sandy is an expert at
karate and lives in an underwater tree dome. When not inside her tree dome, she wears an astronaut-like suit because she cannot breathe in water. SpongeBob and Squidward's employer is former
officer cadet for the Bikini Bottom
Navy force and war veteran
Eugene Krabs, a miserly
crab obsessed with money, who is the owner of the Krusty Krab restaurant. Mr. Krabs’ archenemy is
Sheldon Plankton, a small green
copepod who owns a low-rank fast-food restaurant called the Chum Bucket across the street from the Krusty Krab. Plankton spends most of his time plotting to steal the recipe for Mr. Krabs's popular Krabby Patty burgers to obtain success, though his schemes always end in failure.
Setting
Much of the series' events take place in Bikini Bottom, an
underwater city located in the
Pacific Ocean beneath the real life tropical isle of
Bikini Atoll.
[2] Stephen Hillenburg has stated that much of Bikini Bottom was based on the real life city of
Seattle.
[3] Much of this is supported within the context of the episodes themselves; however, despite implications of the city's location as well as anologies to real life, Hillenburg has stated that he wishes to leave the city isolated from the real world, explaining the
Baywatch parody scene from
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie as simply a reference to his favorite show of all time.
[3][4]
Being located underwater, much of the city's populace, like that of the rest of the series, consists mostly of various sea life; however, in many episodes, the
laws of physics are violated for comedic value. The citizens of Bikini Bottom live in mostly aquatic-themed buildings, and use "boatmobiles", an amalgamation of
cars and
boats, as a mode of transportation.
Voice cast
- Tom Kenny: SpongeBob SquarePants, Gary the Snail, Mr. SquarePants, French Narrator, Patchy the Pirate (live-action performance), miscellaneous characters
- Bill Fagerbakke: Patrick Star
- Rodger Bumpass: Squidward Tentacles, Dr. Gill Gilliam
- Carolyn Lawrence: Sandy Cheeks
- Clancy Brown: Mr. Krabs
- Doug Lawrence: Plankton, Larry the Lobster, miscellaneous characters
- Jill Talley: Karen
- Lori Alan: Pearl Krabs
- Mary Jo Catlett: Mrs. Puff
- Brian Doyle-Murray: The Flying Dutchman
- Ernest Borgnine: Mermaid Man
- Tim Conway: Barnacle Boy
- Sirena Irwin: Mrs. SquarePants, Mama Krabs ("Enemy-in-Law," "Friend or Foe," "Spongicus")
- Dee Bradley Baker: Squilliam Fancyson, miscellaneous characters
- Frank Welker: Talking Gorilla ("I Had an Accident"), animal vocal effects
- Paul Tibbitt: Mama Krabs ("Sailor Mouth," "Mid-Life Crustacean"), Potty the Parrot (2007-present)
- Stephen Hillenburg: Potty the Parrot (2000-2004)
History
Development (1984-1999)
Creator Stephen Hillenburg initially conceived
SpongeBob SquarePants in 1984, while he was teaching and studying
marine biology at what is now the
Orange County Ocean Institute.
[5] During this period, Hillenburg became fascinated with
animation, and wrote a
comic book entitled
The Intertidal Zone starring various
anthropomorphic forms of sea life, many of which would evolve into
SpongeBob SquarePants characters,
[6] including "Bob the Sponge", who was the co-host of the comic and resembled an actual
sea sponge as opposed to SpongeBob.
[7] In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue his dream of becoming an
animator,
[6][7] and began to envision the possible concept of a project involving anthropomorphic sea life, drawing several rough sketches.
[7] In 1992, Hillenburg began to attend the
California Institute of the Arts to study
animation, having been accepted into the institute by
Jules Engel, who was impressed with Hillenburg's previous work.
[6][8][9]
While attending animation school, Hillenburg received a job on the children's TV series
Mother Goose & Grimm, and worked on the series from 1991 to 1993. When attending the California Institute of the Arts, he made his
thesis film entitled
Wormholes,
[7] which was funded by the
Princess Grace Foundation and was later displayed at various animation festivals.
[7] In 1993, Hillenburg graduated from the institute, earning a
Master of Fine Arts in experimental animation.
[6] In 1995,
Joe Murray, creator of
Rocko's Modern Life, met Hillenburg at one of said animation festivals, and offered him a job as a
director of the series.
[7][10][11][12] Hillenburg then joined the Nickelodeon
animated series as a
writer,
producer, and
storyboard artist during the series' third season, continuing his position for much of the fourth season.
[7][12][13] The third season episode "
Fish-N-Chumps" (November 12, 1995) was directed by Hillenburg, and involved
Rocko,
Heffer, and
Filburt going on a fishing trip, oblivious to the fact that a pair anthropomorphic fish are attempting to catch them from underwater.
[10][14] While working on
Rocko's Modern Life, Hillenburg became friends with
Tom Kenny, who was later approached by Hillenburg to become the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants,
[15] and future
SpongeBob SquarePants collaborators
Doug Lawrence,
Paul Tibbitt and others.
Rocko's Modern Life ended in 1996.
[16] Shortly following this, Hillenburg began working on
SpongeBob SquarePants, teaming up with several Nickelodeon veterans and
Rocko crew members.
[7][14] To voice the character of SpongeBob, Hillenburg approached Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on
Rocko's Modern Life.
[15] Originally SpongeBob was to be named
SpongeBoy but this name was already in use.
[17] This was discovered after voice acting for the original seven minute pilot was recorded in 1997. The Nickelodeon legal department discovered that the name was already in use for a mop product.
[18] Upon finding this out, Hillenburg decided that the character's given name still had to contain "Sponge" so viewers would not mistake the character for a "Cheese Man." Hillenburg decided to use the name "SpongeBob." He chose "SquarePants" as a family name as it referred to the character's square shape and it had a "nice ring to it".
[19]
Whilst pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian shirt, brought along an “underwater terrarium with models of the characters”, and Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup was described by Nick executive Eric Coleman as "pretty amazing".
[20] When given money and two weeks to write the pilot episode (“Help Wanted”),
[8] Derek Drymon, Stephen Hillenberg, and Nick Jennings returned with, described by Nickelodeon official
Albie Hecht, “a performance (I) wish (I) had on tape”.
[21] Although described as stressful by executive producer Derek Drymon,
[8] the pitch went “very well”;
Kevin Kay and Hecht had to step outside because they were “exhausted from laughing”, making the cartoonists worried.
[21]
Beginning; Hillenburg Era (1999-2004)
SpongeBob SquarePants aired its first episode, "Help Wanted/Reef Blower/Tea at the Treedome," on May 1, 1999, following the
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards.
[22][23][24] The series later made its "official" debut on July 17, 1999 with the second episode "Bubblestand/Ripped Pants."
[22][23][24] The series initially suffered in the
ratings, and failed to attract a steady audience.
[25] Stephen Hillenburg was confident that due to the low ratings, the Nickelodeon executives would cancel the series after its first season.
[25][26] However, during this period, Hillenburg visited
Sumatra and noticed a schoolgirl carrying a
bootleg SpongeBob SquarePants bookbag, convincing him of the series'
cult following.
[25] However, he continued to believe that the series would be canceled after its first season, and was surprised when Nickelodeon renewed the series for a second season.
[25][26]
The second season began on October 26, 2000 with the episode "Something Smells/Bossy Boots," and during this time, the show propelled into stardom, with the help of a huge merchandising campaign that continues to this day. The growing popularity of
SpongeBob led to Nickelodeon immediately ordering a third season, which began on October 5, 2001 with the episode "Just One Bite/The Bully." In 2002, as the show's success continued to grow, production on a feature film spin-off began. Nickelodeon, having aired half of the third season by then, decided to spread the remaining episodes out over two years and the final episode, "SpongeBob Meets The Strangler/Pranks A Lot," aired on October 11, 2004.
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie was released soon afterwards. The film was intended to be the
series finale[26], however, in 2005, it was announced that
SpongeBob would be continuing with a fourth season due in May. Hillenburg was rumoured to have left the series; however, he did not actually leave the show but resigned from his position as the show's
executive producer.
[26] The job now belongs to Derek Drymon, with
Paul Tibbitt taking over Drymon's job as creative director.
Post-Movie Era (2005-present)
The fourth season began on May 6, 2005, with the episode "Fear of a Krabby Patty"/"Shell of a Man." After airing three new episodes on Fridays from May 6 – May 20, Nickelodeon showed no new episodes until September 2005. For the first time in the series' run, Nickelodeon began airing 11-minute segments of new episodes separately, spread over two weeks. This practice began with the airing of the episode "Selling Out" on September 23; its companion episode, "Funny Pants," premiered the following week. The Star Online eCentral reported in December 2005 that Nickelodeon had ordered 20 more episodes, bringing the show’s total to 100.
[27]
In December 2006,
SpongeBob was approved for a fifth season which began on February 19, 2007 with the episode "Rise and Shine"/"Waiting"/"Fungus Among Us."
[28] On July 23, 2007 Nickelodeon aired a special event, called the "SpongeBob New-New-New-New-New Week" in which from Monday to Friday, a new episode would air.
[29] This continued until the end of the second week. Later on November 12, 2007 a TV movie aired titled
Atlantis SquarePantis, guest staring
David Bowie as the voice of Lord Royal Highness. On March 13, 2008, it was announced that
SpongeBob will have an additional thirty-nine episodes, which includes the remaining episodes of the sixth season, and a seventh season.
[30][31][32]
Tenth anniversary
On July 14, 2009, a primetime
SpongeBob tenth anniversary documentary titled
Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants, aired on
VH1, discussing the history of the show, and its impact on popular culture.
[33] Starting on July 17, 2009 at 8:00 PM EST, Nickelodeon aired a 50½-hour marathon titled "The Ultimate SpongeBob Sponge Bash." The marathon included the premiere of 11 new episodes, countdowns of celebrities' and viewer-chosen top 10 episodes, and more.
[34] On November 6, 2009, a second TV movie debuted on Nickelodeon, titled
Truth or Square, in which SpongeBob, Patrick, Squidward, and Mr. Krabs are accidentally locked inside the Krusty Krab freezer on the night of the restaurant's eleventy-seventh anniversary celebration. While trapped inside, the friends look back on their shared memories with "shocking" reveals.
[35] Several celebrities made live-action cameo appearances on
Truth or Square, including
Rosario Dawson,
LeBron James,
Tina Fey,
Will Ferrell,
Craig Ferguson,
Robin Williams and
Pink, while
Ricky Gervais provided opening and closing naration for the special.
[36] Also
Victoria Beckham was set to lend her voice as Queen Amphitrite, a Brit-accented goddess of the sea in an upcoming episode most likely to air during an hour-long special this summer.
[37][38]
Hallmarks
Humor
SpongeBob is designed to appeal to adults as well as children, due to the comic nature of situations encountered in underwater life. Situations, references, and language are used that may not be understood by the show's younger viewers. Certain
innuendos, in particular, are intended to go over the younger viewers' heads.
[39] For example, SpongeBob tried to show his grandma that he was a mature adult by wearing sideburns and a
derby, and listening to
free form jazz; in one episode, SpongeBob is watching a dancing sea anemone on TV and looking excited, and when Gary enters the room he quickly changes the channel to the football; residents of Bikini Bottom have been seen to wear bondage-style straps; and a coral reef sculpted like
Toulouse-Lautrec's can-can girls stands in the background of a scene. Numerous
marine biology in-jokes are woven into the show. Frequently, the characters will do things that would be physically impossible underwater, such as lighting fires or going to a beach. Part of the show's appeal has to do with the childlike nature of SpongeBob and his best friend, Patrick Star, both of whom are adults but display an innocence typical of human children. However, the characters are not immune from more adult avocations, including rock musicianship in a stadium performance and raising children. Many characters can be heard uttering things like "Barnacles!" or "Fish paste!" out of frustration. Some characters may call each other names such as "Barnacle head." Many modified
aphorisms are also used, such as "A rolling stone gathers no
algae." In the episode "
Sailor Mouth"
SpongeBob and
Patrick play a
board game called "Eels and Escalators", perhaps a reference to
Chutes and Ladders.
Music
The series' theme was composed by Derek Drymon, Mark Harrison, Stephen Hillenburg and Blaise Smith, and is primarily based on the
sea shanty, "
Blow the Man Down". The song is sung by Painty the Pirate, voiced by
Patrick Pinney, and can be found on the soundtrack
SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights. A cover of the song by
Avril Lavigne can be found on
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (soundtrack). Another cover by the
Violent Femmes, which aired as a commercial on Nickelodeon to promote season two, can be viewed in the special features of the
Nautical Nonsense/Sponge Buddies DVD. A choral version was recorded for the SpongeBob
Christmas special where the last repetition of "SpongeBob SquarePants" was replaced by, "It's the SpongeBob Christmas special." The theme song is occasionally utilized as marching cadence. An instrumental version of the opening theme is used in Italy. The majority of the background music used in SpongeBob SquarePants comes from the Associated Production Music library, some of which have also been used in shows such as
The Simpsons,
Ren & Stimpy,
The Mighty B!, Rocko's Modern Life,
The X Factor,
Camp Lazlo,
My Gym Partner's a Monkey,
Bill Nye The Science Guy, and
The Adventures of Pete and Pete. For competition-based episodes, some of
Sam Spence's
NFL Films music is used (such as "A Golden Boy Again" used in episodes such as
The Fry Cook Games and "Ramblin' Man from Gramblin" is used in Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V. "The Lineman" is also used extensively in Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy episodes). Ironically, one of Spence's more famous songs for the NFL Films library of music is an orchestral version of "Drunken Sailor" called "Up She Rises", first suggested by
Steven Sabol to his father
Ed because he liked the song at summer camp.
Hawaiian steel guitar music is used for comedic and dramatic effect in the show. Various compositions featuring the Hawaiian steel convey happy, sad, or goofy emotions and situations. Many are traditional Hawaiian melodies such as "
Aloha 'Oe" and are usually sampled from the above-mentioned APM music library, and are from time to time performed by classic steel guitar artists, including The Woodies,
The Langhorns, and
The MelTones. Creator Hillenburg states that much of the music in the series was inspired by 1950s Hawaiian steel guitar tunes.
[4] Another aspect of the series' musical score is traditional sea shanties, which are used for the musical themes in the show. The most commonly used song in the series is "
Drunken Sailor," though a ukulele version of the "
Twelfth Street Rag" is often heard in the background as well. Unlike other Nickelodeon shows, SpongeBob features well-known independent musicians who contribute to its soundtrack.
Alternative rock bands such as
Wilco,
The Shins,
The Flaming Lips and
Ween, as well as metal bands
Pantera,
Motörhead and
Twisted Sister have made appearances on the show and movies soundtracks.
Reception
Critical reception
SpongeBob SquarePants currently holds an 8.6 on
TV.com, the third best rating in Nickelodeon, the first being
Avatar: The Last Airbender with a rating of 9.3 and the second being
The Fairly OddParents with a rating of 8.8.
[40]
Popularity and appeal
SpongeBob SquarePants was the first "low budget"
Nickelodeon cartoon, according to the network, to become extremely popular. Low-budget cartoons had not garnered as much esteem as higher-rated, higher-budgeted shows, such as
Rugrats, although when
SpongeBob SquarePants aired in 1999, it had gained a significant enough number of viewers in the ratings to be considered popular, eventually becoming more popular than
Rugrats had ever been. SpongeBob follows other Nickelodeon shows that have attracted "older" followers:
The Ren & Stimpy Show,
Rocko's Modern Life, the
KaBlam! skits,
Action League Now! and
The Angry Beavers. Other shows have followed in this trend as well:
Invader Zim and
The Fairly OddParents won a similar fan base when they both premiered in 2001, and the latter is now second only to SpongeBob in popularity, while the former was cancelled despite gaining a cult following. Though the show debuted in 1999, SpongeBob did not become hugely popular until around 2000, and it has remained popular since then.
Unlike other Nickelodeon shows, SpongeBob features well-known independent musicians who contribute to its soundtrack.
Alternative rock bands such as
Wilco,
The Shins,
The Flaming Lips and
Ween, as well as metal bands
Pantera,
Motörhead and
Twisted Sister have made appearances on the show and movies soundtracks, and
heavy metal group
Metallica even released a T-shirt featuring cartoon versions of themselves playing live with the characters SpongeBob and Patrick.
British rock singer
David Bowie was a special guest on the SpongeBob SquarePants episode Atlantis SquarePantis, which aired on November 12, 2007.
[41] The episode drew total 8.8 million viewers, the biggest audience in the show's eight-year history.
[41]
Awards and nominations
| Year |
Association |
Award Category |
Notes |
Result |
| 2000 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episodes: "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy" and "Pickles" |
Won |
| 2000 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Sound |
Episode: "Karate Choppers" |
Won |
| 2001 |
Annie Awards |
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Television Production |
Mary Jo Catlett as Mrs. Puff in "No Free Rides" |
Nominated |
| 2001 |
Annie Awards |
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Male Performer in an Animated Television Production |
Tom Kenny as SpongeBob in "Wormy" |
Nominated |
| 2001 |
Annie Awards |
Outstanding Individual Achievement for a Song in an Animated Production |
Peter Straus and Paul Tibbitt for the song "The Very First Christmas" |
Nominated |
| 2001 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Sound |
Episodes: "Rock Bottom" and "Arrgh" |
Won |
| 2001 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episodes: "Fools In April" and "Neptune's Spatula" |
Nominated |
| 2002 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
|
Nominated |
| 2002 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television – Animation |
Episodes: "Secret Box" and "Band Geeks" |
Won |
| 2002 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episodes: "Jellyfish Hunter" and "The Fry Cook Games" |
Nominated |
| 2002 |
Television Critics Association Awards |
Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming |
|
Won |
| 2003 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
Episodes: "New Student Starfish" and "Clams" |
Nominated |
| 2003 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episodes: "Wet Painters" and "Krusty Krab Training Video" |
Won |
| 2003 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation |
Episodes: "Nasty Patty" and "Idiot Box" |
Won |
| 2003 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2004 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
Episode: "SpongeBob B.C. (Before Comedy)" |
Nominated |
| 2004 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episodes: "The Great Snail Race" and "Mid-Life Crustacean". |
Won |
| 2004 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music |
Episode: "Mid-Life Crustacean". |
Nominated |
| 2004 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2005 |
Annie Awards |
Best Animated Television Production |
|
Won |
| 2005 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
Episodes: "Fear of a Krabby Patty" and "Shell of a Man" |
Nominated |
| 2005 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television: Animated |
Episodes: "Pranks A Lot" and "SpongeBob Meets the Strangler" |
Nominated |
| 2005 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2005 |
Satellite Awards |
Best Youth DVD |
Complete Second Season DVD |
Nominated |
| 2005 |
Television Critics Association Awards |
Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming |
|
Nominated |
| 2006 |
Annie Awards |
Best Writing in an Animated Television Production |
C.H. Greenblatt, Paul Tibbitt, Mike Bell, and Tim Hill in "Fear of a Krabby Patty" |
Won |
| 2006 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television: Animated |
Episode: "Have You Seen This Snail?" |
Nominated |
| 2006 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2007 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
Episodes: "Bummer Vacation" and "Wigstruck" |
Nominated |
| 2007 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2007 |
Television Critics Association Awards |
Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming |
|
Nominated[42] |
| 2008 |
Annie Awards |
Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production |
Tom Kenny in "Spy Buddies" |
Nominated |
| 2008 |
Golden Reel Award |
Best Sound Editing in Television: Animated |
Episode: "SpongeHenge" |
Nominated |
| 2008 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Nominated |
| 2008 |
Emmy Awards |
Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) |
Episodes: "The Inmates of Summer" and "The Two Faces of Squidward" |
Nominated |
| 2008 |
Philippines Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2009 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
Won |
| 2009 |
Annie Awards |
Direction in an Animated Television Production |
Episode: "Penny Foolish" |
Nominated |
| 2009 |
Golden Reel Awards |
Best Sound Editing: Television Animation |
Episode: "Suction Cup Symphony" |
Nominated |
| 2009 |
Teen Choice Awards |
Choice TV Animated Show |
|
Won |
| 2009 |
Emmy Awards |
Special Class Animated Program |
Episode: "Dear Vikings" |
Nominated |
|
| 2010 |
Golden Reel Awards |
Best Sound Editing: Television Animation |
Episode: "SpongeBob vs. The Big One" |
TBA |
|
| 2010 |
Annie Awards |
Best Home Entertainment Production |
"SpongeBob vs. The Big One" DVD |
TBA |
|
| 2010 |
Annie Awards |
Best Animated Television Production for Children |
|
TBA |
|
| 2010 |
Annie Awards |
Best Voice Acting in a Television Production |
Tom Kenny in "SpongeBob's Truth or Square" |
TBA |
|
| 2010 |
Kids' Choice Awards |
Favorite Cartoon |
|
TBA |
Criticism and controversy
The incident led to questions to whether or not SpongeBob is homosexual. Creator of the character, Stephen Hillenburg, had previously denied that SpongeBob was gay in 2002 when SpongeBob's popularity with gay men grew. He clarified that he considers the character to be "almost
asexual".
[44][45] After Dobson made the comments, Hillenburg repeated this assertion that sexual preference was never considered during the creation of the show.
[46] Tom Kenny and other production members were shocked and surprised that such an issue had arisen.
[18]
Dobson later asserted that his comments were taken out of context and that his original complaints were not with SpongeBob, the video, or any of the characters in the video but with the organization that sponsored the video,
We Are Family Foundation. Dobson indicated that the
We Are Family Foundation posted pro-homosexual material on their website, but later removed it.
[47] After the controversy, John H. Thomas, the
United Church of Christ's general minister and president, said they would welcome SpongeBob into their ministry. He said
"Jesus didn't turn people away. Neither do we".
[48]
Other media
Amusement rides
SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D is located in both
Six Flags Over Texas and Noah's Ark Dive-In Theater in
Noah's Ark Waterpark, and opened in both locations in 2007. The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, and other sensory enhancements. The SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D ride opened at the in
Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin in the summer of 2007. SpongeBob appears at the Mall of America's new Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's
Park at MOA, formerly Camp Snoopy, to
Nickelodeon Universe in the
Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of
Bloomington, Minnesota. The new theme park features a SpongeBob-themed
Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter custom
roller coaster, the
SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge, which has replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store on the west end of the theme park. The theme park opened March 15, 2008.
The Chicago Shedd Aquarium hosts a 15 minute feature of Sponge Bob in 4-D with vibrating “special FX” movie seats accompanied by bubbles, wind, a distinct pickle smell, and tickles throughout the film. The feature ran through 2009 being temporarily replaced on November 27.
[49]
Film
Paramount Pictures and
Nickelodeon Movies produced
The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, a
film adaption of the
SpongeBob SquarePants animated series released on November 19, 2004. The film was directed by series creator Stephen Hillenburg, and was written by long-time series writers Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, Tim Hill, Kent Osborne, Aaron Springer, and Paul Tibbitt. Nickelodeon official Albie Hecht, Drymon, Hillenburg, Julia Pistor, and Gina Shay produced the film, while much of the film's music was composed by Gregor Narholz. The film follows SpongeBob, who expects to be bestowed the title of manager for Mr. Krabs' new restaurant, the
Krusty Krab 2. However, the position is given to Squidward instead, causing SpongeBob to go into a state of
depression. Jealous of Mr. Krabs' success, Plankton initiates his final plan,
Plan Z, which involves framing Mr. Krabs for the theft of King Neptune's crown. SpongeBob and Patrick then go on a quest to retrieve Neptune's crown and save the lives of both Mr. Krabs and the rest of Bikini Bottom from Plankton's scheme. The film also guest stars
Jeffrey Tambor as King Neptune,
Scarlett Johansson as the king's daughter Mindy,
Alec Baldwin as Dennis the Hitman, and
David Hasselhoff as himself.
[50] It received a largely positive critical reception and was a box office success.
Merchandise
Merchandise based on the show ranges from
Kraft Macaroni & Cheese,
Go-Gurt,
Kellogg's cereal, and video games to
boxer shorts, flip-flops, pajamas, t-shirts, slippers,
Pez dispensers, and
radios. The show also spawned a large and popular merchandise line at
Hot Topic,
Claire's,
Waldenbooks,
Borders Books,
Barnes & Noble,
Best Buy,
RadioShack,
Target,
KB Toys,
Big Lots,
Wal-Mart,
Shopko,
Pamida,
Meijer,
Kmart,
Sears,
JCPenney,
Kohl's,
Lowe's,
T.J. Maxx,
Toys "R" Us and
Ames stores in the United States as well as the
Zellers,
Wal-Mart Canada and Toys "R" Us stores in Canada, and a limited selection of merchandise in Australia at
Kmart Australia and
Target Australia.
Kids' meal tie-ins have been released in fast-food restaurants in many different parts of the world, including
Burger King in Europe and North America, as well as
Wendy's in North America, and
Hungry Jack's in Australia. A
McDonald's Happy Meal tie-in with SpongeBob-themed Happy Meal boxes and toys has not been released in North America yet, but was released in Europe and other international markets in the summer of 2007.
[51] In Australia, the advertisement for the McDonald's SpongeBob Happy Meal won the Pester Power Award for the fact that the ads are enticing young children to want its food because of the free toy. In Japan, they had a kids meal tie-in with
KFC which featured different toys based on the TV series.
[52] As a tie-in beverage for the
SpongeBob SquarePants Movie,
7-Eleven convenience stores created a pineapple-flavored
Slurpee in 2004, which was discontinued in 2005.
Pictures of SpongeBob SquarePants also started to appear on the labels of 8 oz. cans of
Green Giant cut
green beans and frozen packages of Green Giant green beans and butter sauce which featured free stickers in 2007 as part of an initiative to get kids to eat their vegetables.
[54] In the United Kingdom, a SpongeBob SquarePants
magazine is currently being published by
Titan Magazines every four weeks. It was first published on February 3, 2005. The issue published on February 1, 2007 was the second
anniversary of the magazine. The magazine contains comic strips, fan letters, competitions and several features including games.
A
SpongeBob SquarePants 2009 calendar has been released featuring the caption on the bottom right corner of the front cover, "Celebrating his 10th Anniversary!", which was on May 1 and July 17, 2009 respectively.
[55] On March 31, 2009 three songs from the show were released as downloadable content for the music video game series
Rock Band. Nickelodeon has also created a
Facebook page and
Twitter account for SpongeBob. His best friend, Patrick Star, has been given a page on Facebook as well.
Notes
- ^ Stock, Rosina (June 24, 2009). "Nickelodeon Celebrates Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants decade". Media News International. http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
- ^ "SpongeBob SquarePants profile on Xbox.com". Xbox.com. http://www.xbox.com/en-US/marketplace/media/7828e8cd-f206-4d7c-a4d3-5baf34143b80/. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ a b "SpongeBob SquarePants". Spongebob Squarepants information. http://members.outpost10f.com/~lindax/spongebob/spongebob-information.html. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ a b Banks, Steven (2004-09-24). SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants. Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator). Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon. ISBN 978-0689868702.
- ^ Banks, pp. 8-9
- ^ a b c d Banks, p. 9
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hillenburg, Stephen. (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ a b c Drymon, Derek. (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ "Nickelodeon Taps Patrick Creadon and Christine O'Malley to Produce First-Ever SpongeBob SquarePants Documentary". Press Release (Viacom). 2009-01-19. http://sev.prnewswire.com/film-motion-picture/20090119/NY6023619012009-1.html. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- ^ a b Murray, Joe. (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ Neuwirth, p. 50
- ^ a b "Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life," The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ
- ^ Banks, pp. 9-10
- ^ a b Banks, p. 10
- ^ a b Orlando, Dana (2003-03-17). "SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom". St Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "Rocko's Modern Life," [[Joe Murray (animator)|]] Studio
- ^ Banks, p. 31
- ^ a b Farhat, Basima (Interviewer). (2006-12-05) (mp3). Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants – Interview. [Radio production]. The People Speak Radio. http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ Neuwirth, p. 51
- ^ Coleman, Eric. (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ a b Hecht, Albie. (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ a b "SpongeBob Coming Soon". Zap 2 It. 1999-05-31. http://tv.zap2it.com/tveditorial±/tve_main/1,1002,271%7C52151%7C1%7C,00.html. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
- ^ a b "Television / Radio; The Tide Pool as Talent Pool (It Had to Happen)". The New York Times. 1999-07-11. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E6D61E3DF932A25754C0A96F958260&scp=1&sq=SpongeBob&st=nyt. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
- ^ a b Banks, p. 8
- ^ a b c d e Reuters Staff (2005-01-20). "SpongeBob turns 10". The Straits Times. http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Lifestyle/Story/STIStory_402824.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ a b c d Access Hollywood Staff (2009-07-13). "Nickelodeon's "SpongeBob SquarePants" Reaches A Milestone: 10 Years". NBC Chicago. http://www.nbcchicago.com/entertainment/celebrity/Nickelodeon_s__SpongeBob_SquarePants__Reaches_A_Milestone__10_Years.html. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
- ^ "More SpongeBob on Nickelodeon". Star Online eCentral. 2005-12-27. http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2005/12/27/tvnradio/12578379&sec=tvnradio. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
- ^ http://www.tv.com/spongebob-squarepants/show/3428/episode.html?season=5&tag=list_header;paginator;5
- ^ "Nickelodeon July Highlights". Animation Insider. 2007-06-25. http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1402. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Nickelodeon Picks-Up Returning Animated Hits". Viacom.com. 2008-03-13. http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1118469. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ "Nickelodeon Upfront 2008". Animation Insider. 2008-03-13. http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1656. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ "Nick Orders New Eps of "SpongeBob," "OddParents" and Other Series". ToonZone. 2008-03-13. http://www.news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=22274. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ^ http://tv.ign.com/articles/943/943426p1.html
- ^ http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/11311.shtml
- ^ http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY%3d%2fwww/story/01-09-2009/0004952081&EDATE=
- ^ http://www.cnbc.com/id/31524589/site/14081545
- ^ http://www.entertainmentandshowbiz.com/victoria-beckham-posh-spice-lands-princess-role-in-spongebob-squarepants-2009041214227
- ^ "Victoria Beckham to Square Off with SpongeBob". Us Magazine. April 8, 2009. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20270930,00.html. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
- ^ Harris, Richard Jackson (2004). A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 0805846603.
- ^ "SpongeBob SquarePants". TV.com. http://www.tv.com/show/3428/summary.html. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ a b "Bowie "sponge" makes splash". New York Post. November 15, 2007. http://www.nypost.com/seven/11152007/tv/bowie_sponge_makes_splash_402981.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
- ^ "NBC 'Lights' Up Critics' Nominations". Zap 2 It. 2007-06-05. http://www.zap2it.com/tv/news/zap-2007tcaawardnominations,0,935063.story. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- ^ a b Associated Press (2005-01-22). "Spongebob, Muppets and the Sister Sledge writer suffer criticism". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2005-01-22-kids-video_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ BBC Staff (2002-10-09). "Camp cartoon star 'is not gay'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2313221.stm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (2005-01-28). "SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ "SpongeBob isn't gay or straight, creator says". Reuters. 2005-01-29. http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=22&art_id=vn20050129114540161C803463. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ Chang, Pauline J. (2005-01-28). "Dobson clarifies Pro-Gay SpongeBob Video Controversy". The Christian Post. http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ Till, Francis (2005-02-04). "Ministry celebrates SpongeBob: Gay, happy, yellow, orange, whatever, he's welcome". National Business Review. http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html
- ^ Johansson, Scarlett. (2005). The Absorbing Tale Behind The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. [DVD]. Paramount Home Entertainment.
- ^ "SponbgeBob SquarePants Happy Meal". Megamodo. http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.megamodo.com/200711368-spongebob-con-lhappy-meal-mcdonalds/&ei=RtliSsjdCceBtgf15oD6Dw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSpongebob%2Bcon%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599Happy%2BMeal%2BMcDonald%25E2%2580%2599s%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1B2GGFB_enUS223US224.
- ^ "SpongeBob SquarePants KFC toys in Japan". http://www.viacom.com/view_release.jhtml;jsessionid=OQP0BQE5ORHWSCQBAFLQ4CY?inID=10000007&inReleaseID=227116.
- ^ "SpongeBob SquarePants". Npower Electrionics. http://npower2.memorexelectronics.com/html/product_family.php?FID=8&SID=2&opento=2. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
- ^ Nickelodeon Expands Healthy Food Initiative with Green Giant
- ^ SpongeBob 2009 Calendar
References
- Banks, Steven (September 24, 2004). SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants. Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator). Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon. ISBN 978-0689868702.
- Neuwirth, Allan (2003). Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies. Allworth Communications, Inc. pp. 50, 252–253. ISBN 1581152698.
External links
Wikis