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For other uses, see Stockholm syndrome (disambiguation).
Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg, Stockholm
.In psychology, Stockholm syndrome is a term used to describe a paradoxical psychological phenomenon wherein hostages express adulation and have positive feelings towards their captors that appear irrational in light of the danger or risk endured by the victims.^ The FBI formulates the definition slightly more detailed and describes Stockholm Syndrome as “a paradoxical psychological phenomenon wherein a positive bond between hostage and captor occurs that appears irrational in the light of the frightening ordeal endured by the victims”.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Positive feelings by the abuser toward the victim .
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Stockholm syndrome is a paradoxical psychological phenomenon wherein a positive bond between hostage and captor occurs that appears irrational in light of the frightening ordeal endured by the victims.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [1][2] .While uncommon, the FBI’s Hostage Barricade Database System shows that roughly 27% of victims show evidence of Stockholm syndrome.^ Stockholm Syndrome in relationships is not uncommon.
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC counsellingresource.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Stolkholm Syndrome : Abusive Relationships Loving an Abuser Loser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.womensaccounts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Traumatic Bonding with Corporate Psychopaths(Office Stockholm Syndrom) 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.softpanorama.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.section21.m6.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The only moral reference they have is: do not irritate the Muslims – that is the one thing they will condemn.” Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in hostages, where the hostage shows signs of loyalty to the hostage-taker, regardless of the danger or risk in which the hostages have been placed.
  • Wilders Causes Another Row. Pre-Captivity Stockholm Syndrome | The Brussels Journal 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.brusselsjournal.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The name derives from a hostage incident in Stockholm where at the end of six days of captivity in a bank, some kidnap victims actually resisted rescue attempts.
  • "Stockholm Syndrome" in project execution and management? | LinkedIn Answers | LinkedIn 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.linkedin.com [Source type: General]

 [3] .The syndrome is named after the Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm, in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. In this case, the victims became emotionally attached to their captors, and even defended them after they were freed from their six-day ordeal.^ When and How was Stockholm Syndrome given its name?
  • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The robbers held bank employees hostage for just six days.
  • Former Kidnap Victim Struggles With Stockholm Syndrome « FOX News Health Blog « FOXNews.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC health.blogs.foxnews.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The syndrome is named after a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden, in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28 in 1973.
  • Top 10 Bizarre Mental Disorders - Listverse 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC listverse.com [Source type: General]

 .The term "Stockholm Syndrome" was coined by the criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot, who assisted the police during the robbery, and referred to the syndrome in a news broadcast.^ Stockholm Syndrome was first coined by Swedish criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bijirot , in 1973.
  • Revisiting the Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.badeagle.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In recent news stories, the term Stockholm Syndrome has been mentioned.
  • Street Talk: A Mental Health Newsletter for Law Enforcement Professionals--April - June, 2007 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.mhagstl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Stockholm syndrome is a good term for it.
  • Aspiring Writer Stockholm Syndrome « Whatever 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC whatever.scalzi.com [Source type: General]

 [4] .It was originally defined by psychiatrist Frank Ochberg to aid the management of hostage situations.^ Long-term psychological study of this and similar hostage situations has defined a fairly clear and characteristic set of symptoms for the Stockholm Syndrome: .

 [5]

Contents

Development

.While there is still disagreement as to what factors characterize incidents that contribute to the development of Stockholm syndrome, research has suggested that hostages may exhibit the condition in situations that feature captors who do not abuse the victim, a long duration before resolution, continued contact between the perpetrator and hostage, and a high level of emotion.^ Disagreement exists over the identification of which factors characterize incidents that contribute to the development of Stockholm syndrome.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In battering situations in the home, in-between times of normalcy are crucial for the Stockholm Syndrome to develop.
  • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We can thus think of the Digital Stockholm Syndrome as referring to situations in which victims of software abuse may become emotionally attached to their victimizers.
  • The Digital Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.cic.unb.br [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In fact, experts have concluded that the intensity, not the length of the incident, combined with a lack of physical abuse more likely will create favorable conditions for the development of Stockholm syndrome.^ What then are the conditions that are conducive to the development of the Stockholm syndrome?
  • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Factors contributing to the development of Stockholm Syndrome .
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Hey, like the Stockholm Syndrome!
  • Stockholm Religion - Salem-News.Com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.salem-news.com [Source type: Original source]

 [1]
.The following are viewed as the conditions necessary for Stockholm syndrome to occur.^ Stockholm syndrome also occurs in bride kidnappings.
  • Anna Nicole Smith has Stockholm Syndrome says Larry Birkhead on Larry King 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC ezinearticles.com [Source type: News]

 ^ What then are the conditions that are conducive to the development of the Stockholm syndrome?
  • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Stockholm Syndrome :A psychological condition in which the hostage emotionally bonds to their captor .
  • Stockholm Syndrome Chapter 1 Abduction, a Batman Begins/Dark Knight fanfic - FanFiction.Net 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fanfiction.net [Source type: Original source]
.
  • Hostages who develop Stockholm syndrome often view the perpetrator as giving life by simply not taking it.^ Stockholm Syndrome is born out of abuse and/or hostage-taking.
    • Learned Helplessness versus Stockholm Syndrome in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) «Anything to Stop the Pain – BPD and Non-BPs 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.anythingtostopthepain.com [Source type: General]

     ^ How does Stockholm Syndrome develop?
    • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ In this life, some people give, and some take.
    • Stockholm Syndrome Is the answer, that the Republican party and it's followers are suffering from. // Current 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC current.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .In this sense, the captor becomes the person in control of the captive’s basic needs for survival and the victim’s life itself.^ The FBI expands on these criteria by stating that the captor is in complete control over the victim, and thus responsible for his basic needs and life itself.
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ [Victims] knew that their life and basic survival needs were completely dependent upon keeping the perpetrator happy.
    • Mad versus Bad, Stockholm Syndrome and Defending HIM » Confessions of a Serial Insomniac 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC serialinsomniac.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Taking the abusers perspective as a survival technique can become so intense that the victim actually develops anger toward those trying to help them.
    • Stolkholm Syndrome : Abusive Relationships Loving an Abuser Loser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.womensaccounts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     [1]
    • .
  • The hostage endures isolation from other people and has only the captor’s perspective available.^ Mom hated me!” Isolation from Perspectives Other than those of the Captor .
    • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

     ^ The threatened person is isolated from outsiders so that the only other perspective available to her or him is that of the threatening person.

     ^ Isolation from Perspectives Other than those of the Captor .
    • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC counsellingresource.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Traumatic Bonding with Corporate Psychopaths(Office Stockholm Syndrom) 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.softpanorama.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.section21.m6.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Perpetrators routinely keep information about the outside world’s response to their actions from captives to keep them totally dependent.^ Perpetrators routinely keep information about the outside world’s response to their actions from captives to keep them totally dependent.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Furthermore, the FBI states that the captor routinely keeps information about the outside world from the hostage to keep him totally dependent.
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ [Victims] knew that their life and basic survival needs were completely dependent upon keeping the perpetrator happy.
    • Mad versus Bad, Stockholm Syndrome and Defending HIM » Confessions of a Serial Insomniac 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC serialinsomniac.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

     [1]
    • .
  • The hostage taker threatens to kill the victim and gives the perception of having the capability to do so.^ The captor threatens to kill the victim and gives the perception of having the capability to do so.
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ A person threatens to kill another and is perceived as having the capability to do so.

     ^ The hostage taker threatens to kill the victim and gives the perception as having the capability to do so.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .The captive judges it safer to align with the perpetrator, endure the hardship of captivity, and comply with the captor than to resist and face murder.^ The captive judges it safer to align with the perpetrator, endure the hardship of captivity, and comply with the captor than to resist and face murder.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The victim judges it safer to align with the captor, endure the hardship of captivity, and comply with the captor than to resist and face murder”.
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ The captives felt more threatened by the behaviour of the police than their captors, who they perceived as protectors.
    • SACSIS.org.za » News » Economic Justice » We Are All Victims of the Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.sacsis.org.za [Source type: General]

     [1]
    • .
  • The captive sees the perpetrator as showing some degree of kindness.^ The captor is perceived as showing some degree of kindness to the person.
    • The Michigan Women's Justice & Clemency Project 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Second, is the ability of the perpetrator to show kindness or favour of some sort.
    • SACSIS.org.za » News » Economic Justice » We Are All Victims of the Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.sacsis.org.za [Source type: General]

     ^ The captive sees the perpetrator as showing some degree of kindness.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Kindness serves as the cornerstone of Stockholm syndrome; the condition will not develop unless the captor exhibits it in some form toward the hostage.^ What then are the conditions that are conducive to the development of the Stockholm syndrome?
    • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Factors contributing to the development of Stockholm Syndrome .
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ How does Stockholm Syndrome develop?
    • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .However, captives often misinterpret a lack of abuse as kindness and may develop feelings of appreciation for this perceived benevolence.^ However, captives often misinterpret a lack of abuse as kindness and may develop feelings of appreciation for this perceived benevolence.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ However, as we have seen, a lack of abuse may be misinterpreted as kindness, leading to the development of feelings of appreciation for this perceived generosity.
    • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Your loved one is not (however it may feel at times) a kidnapper, terrorist or, intentionally, an abuser.
    • Learned Helplessness versus Stockholm Syndrome in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) «Anything to Stop the Pain – BPD and Non-BPs 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.anythingtostopthepain.com [Source type: General]

     .If the captor is purely evil and abusive, the hostage will respond with hatred.^ If the captor is purely evil and abusive, the hostage will respond with hatred.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Phase One: Positive expressions by hostages and ex-hostages toward their abusive captors are both perplexing and paradoxical.
    • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Because escape seems impossible, hostages respond to their situation by becoming highly attuned to the pleasures and displeasure of the captor.
    • The Michigan Women's Justice & Clemency Project 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .But, if perpetrators show some kindness, victims will submerge the anger they feel in response to the terror and concentrate on the captors’ “good side” to protect themselves.^ The captor is perceived as showing some degree of kindness to the person.
    • The Michigan Women's Justice & Clemency Project 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.umich.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ She didn’t feel they were good enough.
    • Aspiring Writer Stockholm Syndrome « Whatever 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC whatever.scalzi.com [Source type: General]

     ^ The captive sees the perpetrator as showing some degree of kindness.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     [1]
.In cases where Stockholm syndrome has occurred, the captive is in a situation where the captor has stripped nearly all forms of independence and gained control of the victim’s life, as well as basic needs for survival.^ The underlying goal of Stockholm Syndrome is survival .
  • Street Talk: A Mental Health Newsletter for Law Enforcement Professionals--April - June, 2007 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.mhagstl.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This also can take place in other captor/captive, abuser/victim situations.
  • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ She did not develop Stockholm syndrome while in captivity.
  • Wilders Causes Another Row. Pre-Captivity Stockholm Syndrome | The Brussels Journal 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.brusselsjournal.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Some experts say that the hostage regresses to, perhaps, a state of infancy; the captive must cry for food, remain silent, and exist in an extreme state of dependence.^ Some experts say that the hostage regresses to, perhaps, a state of infancy; the captive must cry for food, remain silent, and exist in an extreme state of dependence.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Furthermore, the FBI states that the captor routinely keeps information about the outside world from the hostage to keep him totally dependent.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ "Market surveys said some of our customers felt they had perhaps outgrown some of the Ikea products," says Peter Klinkert, Stockholm's project manager.
  • The 'Stockholm' Syndrome: Ikea Lures Their Affluent Followers - mediabistro.com: UnBeige 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.mediabistro.com [Source type: General]

 .In contrast, the perpetrator serves as a 'mother' figure protecting the 'child' from a threatening outside world, including law enforcement’s deadly weapons.^ In contrast, the perpetrator serves as a mother figure protecting her child from a threatening outside world, including law enforcement’s deadly weapons.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ From a law enforcement perspective, the first two phases must be tolerated in order to induce the third, as it might protect the lives of all concerned in the end.
  • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Not included in this diagram is the behavior of the victim towards law enforcement.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The victim then begins a struggle for survival, both relying on and identifying with the captor.^ The victim then begins a struggle for survival, both relying on and identifying with the captor.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ All victims showed sympathy for the captor, both during captivity as well as after rescue .
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The abuser (or captor) terrifies the victim, who cannot escape, by threatening his or her physical or psychological survival.
  • The effects of childhood sexual abuse 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.secasa.com.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Possibly, hostages’ motivation to live outweighs their impulse to hate the person who created their dilemma.^ Possibly, hostages’ motivation to live outweighs their impulse to hate the person who created their dilemma.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The hostages later stated that they had feared the police more than their captors and that they did not hate their captors because they (the hostage-takers) had given them back their lives.
  • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Several months after their release the hostage continued to harbor warm feelings towards their kidnappers who had quite unambiguously threatened to take their lives [2] .
  • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

 [1][6]
.In many cases, capture may also involve the killing (or threat of killing) of the captive's relatives, thereby isolating the captive.^ In many cases, we may need additional professional help of a mental health or legal nature.
  • Stolkholm Syndrome : Abusive Relationships Loving an Abuser Loser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.womensaccounts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Combining Two Unhealthy Conditions - Page 4 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.mental-health-matters.com [Source type: General]
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Many of the general public believe, based on such shows, that the FBI automatically responds to any case involving a missing person.
  • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The captive is subjected to isolation and so sees even a small act, such as providing amenities, as a great favour.^ Small behaviors, such as allowing a bathroom visit or providing food/water, are enough to strengthen the Stockholm Syndrome in criminal hostage events.
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC counsellingresource.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Traumatic Bonding with Corporate Psychopaths(Office Stockholm Syndrom) 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.softpanorama.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.section21.m6.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Barnes describes how the hostages were threatened and terrorized by their captives, yet at the same time, the captors would perform small acts of kindness.
  • Crime Info 101: Jaycee Dugard and Stockholm syndrome, what is it? Part 1 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.examiner.com [Source type: General]

 ^ I see no problem with celebrations of the beauty of the human form, nor even with some commodification of such images.
  • Stockholm Syndrome in Media - Feministing 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC feministing.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Such captives may side with their captors while believing their captors have conferred on them great importance and love.^ However, focusing exclusively on the importance of the hostage may cause the captor to feel ignored.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ First, I need to define learned helplessness such that you understand the concept and why it may apply to you (or your BP loved one).
  • Learned Helplessness versus Stockholm Syndrome in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) «Anything to Stop the Pain – BPD and Non-BPs 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.anythingtostopthepain.com [Source type: General]

 .Furthermore, captives who perceive themselves as the only members of their group not to have been killed may believe that they have been shown a special interest.^ Its important to remember that they’re very skilled at playing one group against the other so this may be what drives their feelings of security?
  • DO ANTI-RACISTS SUFFER FROM STOCKHOLM SYNDROME? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC majorityrights.com [Source type: General]

 ^ She managed to contact a group of Taliban fighters who had ambushed and killed ten French soldiers in August.
  • Wilders Causes Another Row. Pre-Captivity Stockholm Syndrome | The Brussels Journal 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.brusselsjournal.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ And that we don't need the gov. We can do for ourselves and we DECIDED(Chose, isn't that what they all cream for, or is it only to kill a human only)to go with the conservative way of life.
  • Olbermann and Garofalo: Michael Steele Has Stockholm Syndrome -- Politics Daily 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.politicsdaily.com [Source type: General]

 [citation needed]

Psychoanalytic explanations

.Stockholm syndrome is a psychological shift that occurs in captives when they are threatened gravely but are shown acts of kindness by their captors.^ Hostage psychology and the ‘Stockholm Syndrome’: captive, captor and captivity.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Stockholm Syndrome :A psychological condition in which the hostage emotionally bonds to their captor .
  • Stockholm Syndrome Chapter 1 Abduction, a Batman Begins/Dark Knight fanfic - FanFiction.Net 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fanfiction.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Stockholm Syndrome A characteristic of the Stockholm Syndrome is that the captives begin to identify with their captors.
  • On Gratitude 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.peoplewho.org [Source type: Original source]

 .Captives who exhibit the syndrome tend to sympathize with and think highly of their captors.^ Hostage psychology and the ‘Stockholm Syndrome’: captive, captor and captivity.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It takes only 3-4 days for the characteristic bond of the Stockholm syndrome to emerge when captor and captive are strangers.

 ^ Do you exhibit the behavior of one who suffers from the Stockholm Syndrome or are you affected by its manifestation in others?

 .When subjected to prolonged captivity, these captives can develop a strong bond with their captors, in some cases including a sexual interest.^ It appeared that these people did not develop such a bond with their captors.
  • Stockholm Syndrome « road.to.life 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC roadtolife.wordpress.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In my case, evidently a less serious one, I would also say that some of my reaction to Paedo has developed of necessity.
  • Mad versus Bad, Stockholm Syndrome and Defending HIM » Confessions of a Serial Insomniac 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC serialinsomniac.wordpress.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Social interaction can be manipulated by a knowledgeable and skilled negotiator such that a sympathetic bond between hostages and captors is more likely to develop.
  • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Psychiatrist Frank Ochberg, widely credited with Stockholm Syndrome's psychiatric definition, describes it as "a primitive gratitude for the gift of life," not unlike that felt by an infant.^ Although such an outcome may not truly fit the definition of the Stockholm syndrome, it may have the same end result: the increased safety of the hostages.
  • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The physiological definition for the phenomenon is called, Stockholm syndrome .
  • Senatorial Stockholm Syndrome - jd11756’s Diary - RedState 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.redstate.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Jensen Harris: An Office User Interface Blog : Usability Stockholm Syndrome The term Stockholm Syndrome describes the situation where a hostage becomes sympathetic to his captors.
  • Jensen Harris: An Office User Interface Blog : Usability Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC blogs.msdn.com [Source type: General]

 [7]
.According to the psychoanalytic view of the syndrome, this tendency might be the result of employing the strategy evolved by newborn babies to form an emotional attachment to the nearest powerful adult in order to maximize the probability that this adult will enable—at the very least—the survival of the child, if not also prove to be a good parental figure.^ So, if we assume that Stockholm syndrome actually does exist and victims of an abusive relationship sometimes develop — irrational — positive emotions towards their abuser, at least one aspect of libertarian theory comes to mind which might be challenged by that assumption: libertarian opposition to any form of paternalism.
  • Consent and Coercion: The Power of Stockholm Syndrome - Vom Funkturm / From the Radio Tower 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.matthiasjenny.name [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The result would be the "we" syndrome, where officers might be more concerned about whether "their pod" passes inspection, than if the departmental bowling team was getting together.

 ^ When I told her that I see many similarities between the (alleged) workings of Stockholm syndrom and battered person syndrome , which is a “real” syndrome by psychology’s standards, she told me that this might very well be true.
  • Consent and Coercion: The Power of Stockholm Syndrome - Vom Funkturm / From the Radio Tower 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.matthiasjenny.name [Source type: Original source]

 This syndrome is considered a prime example for the defense mechanism of identification.[8]

Examples

.
  • Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.^ The most notorious example of this behavior in the United States is the case of Patty Hearst, who, after being kidnapped and tortured by the Symbionese Liberation Army, took up arms and joined their cause, taking on the name of "Tania" and helping the SLA rob banks.

     ^ Most widely publicized is the case of Patty Hearst, whose abduction in February 1974 led to her renunciation of her fiancé, family, and former life to join “voluntarily” her abductors from the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) and take up their cause as her own.
    • Police Chief Magazine - View Article 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC policechiefmagazine.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Perhaps the most famous early example of Stockholm syndrome was the celebrated case of Patty Hearst, kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army (a left-wing radical cadre) in 1974.
    • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

     .After two months in captivity, she actively took part in a robbery they were orchestrating.^ Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army and after nearly two months of captivity she began to not only sympathize with her captors, but also joined their cause.
    • Crime Info 101: Jaycee Dugard and Stockholm syndrome, what is it? Part 1 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.examiner.com [Source type: General]

     ^ At the end of their captivity, six days later, they actively resisted rescue.

     ^ In The Silmarillion , Elrond and Elros's ( reciprocated ) love for Maglor , who took part in the slaughter of their people (twice) and took them captive, could be interpreted that way.
    • Stockholm Syndrome - Television Tropes & Idioms 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC tvtropes.org [Source type: General]

     .Her unsuccessful legal defense suggested that she suffered from Stockholm syndrome and was coerced into aiding the SLA. She was convicted and imprisoned for her actions in the robbery, though her sentence was commuted in February 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, and she received a Presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001 (among his last official acts before leaving office).
  • Jaycee Lee Dugard was kidnapped, raped and held captive for 18 years by Phillip Garrido.^ Are iPhone users suffering from "Stockholm Syndrome" .
    • Are iPhone users suffering from "Stockholm Syndrome" | Hardware 2.0 | ZDNet.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC blogs.zdnet.com [Source type: General]
    • Are iPhone users suffering from "Stockholm Syndrome" | TalkBack on ZDNet 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC talkback.zdnet.com [Source type: General]

     ^ Do philo-Semites suffer from Stockholm Syndrome?
    • DO ANTI-RACISTS SUFFER FROM STOCKHOLM SYNDROME? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC majorityrights.com [Source type: General]

     ^ Stockholm syndrome as Swedes held captive to cricket .

     .When first interviewed by parole officers who were suspicious of her abductor she did not reveal her identity.^ In fact, she walked in public, attended parties, and even refused to reveal her true identity when first approached by police.
    • http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fbi.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .Instead, she told investigators she was a battered wife from Minnesota who was hiding from her abusive husband, and described Garrido as a "great person" who was "good with her kids" (during the 18 years, Garrido conceived and fathered two girls).^ The horrifying story of Jaycee Lee Dugard, the 11 year old girl who was kidnapped in 1991 and only found last week after having been held by registered sex offender Phillip Garrido and his wife for 18 years and giving birth to two of Garrido's children has been bouncing around in my head all week.
    • Constitutional Stockholm Syndrome | The Agonist 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC agonist.org [Source type: General]

     ^ I take Maha’s story as a lesson, not to become that poor girl’s ex-husband or father for the matter, and to advice any woman to stand up, speak up… .
    • We’re All Laila: Stockholm Syndrome « Saudi Jeans 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC saudijeans.org [Source type: General]

     ^ Out of all the things that she should be worrying about she was thinking about this person, the man who tried to kill her, who’s trying to kill the two people she loves most.
    • Stockholm Syndrome Chapter 1 Abduction, a Batman Begins/Dark Knight fanfic - FanFiction.Net 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.fanfiction.net [Source type: Original source]

     [9]

Lima syndrome

.An inverse of Stockholm syndrome called "Lima syndrome" has been proposed, in which abductors develop sympathy for their hostages.^ How does Stockholm Syndrome develop?
  • Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC naffoundation.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It's not Stockholm Syndrome, it's called being a fanboy.
  • Analyst: iPhone Users Suffering from Stockholm Syndrome | Maximum PC 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.maximumpc.com [Source type: General]

 ^ What then are the conditions that are conducive to the development of the Stockholm syndrome?
  • India-Forum - The Socieal Stockholm Syndrome And Terrorism In The Indian Context 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.india-forum.com [Source type: Original source]

 .It was named after an abduction at the Japanese Embassy in Lima, Peru in 1996, when members of a militant movement took hostage hundreds of people attending a party in the official residence of Japan's ambassador.^ It is named after the Japanese embassy hostage crisis in Lima, Peru where 14 members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took hundreds of people hostage at a party at the official residence of Japan’s ambassador to Peru.
  • Top 10 Bizarre Mental Disorders - Listverse 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC listverse.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The name refers to a bank holdup in Stockholm, Sweden in 1973 when four people were held hostage for six days by two men.
  • The effects of childhood sexual abuse 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.secasa.com.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It's named after a robbery that took place in Stockholm - employees at a bank were held hostage for six days, and some of them ended up defending the robbers afterwards.
  • Stockholm Syndrome - Television Tropes & Idioms 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC tvtropes.org [Source type: General]

 .Within a few days, the abductors had set free most of the hostages, including the most valuable ones, due to sympathy.^ Within a few days of the hostage crisis, the militants had released most of the captors, .
  • Top 10 Bizarre Mental Disorders - Listverse 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC listverse.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It was coined following a six-day hostage crisis in 1973 in Stockholm, Sweden in which the captors began to feel emotionally attached to their abductors.
  • Learned Helplessness versus Stockholm Syndrome in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) «Anything to Stop the Pain – BPD and Non-BPs 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.anythingtostopthepain.com [Source type: General]

 ^ And here now is Derek’s song, What Matters Most , a great song and one I’m glad has seen the light of day.
  • Rebelling Against Indifference » Derek Webb’s “Stockholm Syndrome” available Tuesday 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.jslweb.com [Source type: General]

 [10][11]

See also

Psychology portal

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Understanding Stockholm Syndrome". FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation. July 2007. pp. 10. http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/july2007/july2007leb.htm#page10. Retrieved 7 January 2010. 
  2. ^ "'Stockholm syndrome': psychiatric diagnosis or urban myth?" (in London, UK.). Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Hampstead Campus. Royal Free and University College Medical School. 2007 Nov 19.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028254. Retrieved 7 January 2010. 
  3. ^ G. Dwayne Fuselier, “Placing the Stockholm Syndrome in Perspective,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July 1999, 22-25.
  4. ^ Nils Bejerot: The six day war in Stockholm New Scientist 1974, volume 61, number 886, page 486-487
  5. ^ Ochberg, Frank "The Ties That Bind Captive to Captor", Los Angeles Times, April 8, 2005
  6. ^ Thomas Strentz, “Law Enforcement Policy and Ego Defenses of the Hostage,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, April 1979, 2-12.
  7. ^ "The Ties That Bind Captive to Captor"
  8. ^ N. Kato, et al. 2006, Ptsd: Brain Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Springer Publishers ISBN 4431295666
  9. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6509828/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-showed-signs-of-Stockholm-syndrome.html
  10. ^ PTSD. Springer Science+Business Media. 2006. ISBN 4431295666. http://books.google.ca/books?id=FUOHCwnHFKUC&pg=PA149&dq=%22Lima+syndrome%22&ei=0VL7SavLFJj2ML3n7PoD. "This phenomenon, now termed the 'Lima syndrome,' is an attachment opposite to the 'Stockholm syndrome.'" 
  11. ^ "Africa Politics". International Press Service. July 10, 1996. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2527009.html. Retrieved 2009-05-08. 

External links


Wiktionary

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

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Wikipedia has an article on:

Contents

English

Etymology

.Named after the Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg, Stockholm, Sweden in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. Coined by criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot.^ Back in 1973 in Stockholm in Sweden, a bank was held siege and some of the employees were kidnapped.
  • Stockholm Syndrome: Loving the chains that bind - Uncommon Knowledge 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.uncommon-knowledge.co.uk [Source type: General]

 ^ The term Stockholm syndrome originated in 1973 after the robbery of a bank in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • What is Stockholm Syndrome? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.wisegeek.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The syndrome is named after a 1973 bank robbery in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage for six days.
  • Stockholm Syndrome for States? | Tenth Amendment Center Blog 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com [Source type: Original source]
  • The Stockholm Syndrome For States, by Russell D. Longcore 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC ncc-1776.org [Source type: Original source]

Noun

.
  1. A psychological condition in which the hostage emotionally bonds to their captor.^ Psychological condition in which hostages grow attached to their captor.

     ^ Clearly, the hostages had “bonded” emotionally with their captors.
    • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.section21.m6.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser by Joe Carver, Ph.D. | The Toolbox at LisaKiftTherapy.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC lisakifttherapy.com [Source type: General]

     ^ Clearly, the hostages had bonded emotionally with their captors.
    • Stolkholm Syndrome : Abusive Relationships Loving an Abuser Loser 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.womensaccounts.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     .
    • The Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in a hostage, in which the hostage exhibits loyalty to the hostage-taker, in spite of the danger (or at least risk) in which the hostage has been placed....^ The four hostages in the Kreditbanken robbery sympathized with their captor (right) Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in an abducted hostage, in which the hostage shows signs of loyalty to the hostage-taker, regardless of the danger (or at least risk) in which the hostage has been placed.
      • Stockholm syndrome - Psychology Wiki 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC psychology.wikia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       ^ Stockholm syndrome is a psychological behavior that appears in certain hostage situations.
      • What is Stockholm Syndrome? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.wisegeek.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       ^ According to Wikipedia, the “Stockholm Syndrome” is a psychological response sometimes seen in abducted hostages, in which the hostage shows signs of loyalty to the hostage-taker, regardless of the danger or risk in which they have been placed.
      • Stockholm Syndrome for States? | Tenth Amendment Center Blog 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com [Source type: Original source]

       .In the most famous case of the Stockholm Syndrome, Patty Hearst, the granddaughter of publishing baron William Randolph Hearst, was kidnapped by the leftist Symbionese Liberation Army in 1974 and robbed a San Francisco bank together with her captors, [1]
    • While the psychological condition in hostage situations became known as “Stockholm Syndrome” due to the publicity – the emotional “bonding” with captors was a familiar story in psychology.^ Patty Hearst, kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army, cited the argument in her defense of her involvement in a 1974 bank robbery.
      • END OF AN ABDUCTION: COERCION - END OF AN ABDUCTION: COERCION; Utah Girl May Have Suffered From Stockholm Syndrome, Experts Say - NYTimes.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: News]

       ^ TruTV: The Claiming of Patty Hearst - the story of the most famous American sufferer of the Stockholm Syndrome.
      • Stockholm Syndrome Postings - The Spark of Yahoo! 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC dir.yahoo.com [Source type: News]

       ^ Stockholm syndrome is a psychological behavior that appears in certain hostage situations.
      • What is Stockholm Syndrome? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.wisegeek.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

       It had been recognized many years before and was found in studies of other hostage, prisoner, or abusive situations such as: Abused Children; Battered/Abused Women; Prisoners of War; Cult Members; Incest Victims; Criminal Hostage Situations; Concentration Camp Prisoners; Cont /Intimidating Relationships [2]

Quotations

  • 2001 — Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, p 259
    You're suffering from what humans call .Stockholm Syndrome: you have bonded with your captors.^ What should you do if you are in a Stockholm Syndrome Relationship?
    • Andrew G Marshall » Blog Archive » Jaycee Lee Dugard and Stockholm Syndrome 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.andrewgmarshall.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ You can't get Stockholm syndrome then?
    • MOT: Assassinate Leaders vs. War 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC oblivio.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Stockholm Syndrome and you .
    • Stockholm Syndrome: Loving the chains that bind - Uncommon Knowledge 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.uncommon-knowledge.co.uk [Source type: General]
    .
  • 2006 — Cape Times, 28 May.^ Anonymous May 18, 2009 11:28 am (Pacific time) You have used this story as a platform for simply pointing out the fallacies of religion.
    • Stockholm Religion - Salem-News.Com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.salem-news.com [Source type: Original source]

     ^ Sune May 19, 2009 3:28 pm (Pacific time) The name for your syndrome is rather inept.
    • Stockholm Religion - Salem-News.Com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.salem-news.com [Source type: Original source]
    Natascha Kampusch, the 18 year old Austrian woman who escaped from her kidnapper last week after eight years in captivity,...is thought to be suffering from an extreme version of .Stockholm syndrome, in which victims begin to associate and sympathise with their attackers.^ Dugard a victim of Stockholm syndrome?
    • Dugard a victim of Stockholm syndrome? - SFGate 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC articles.sfgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Dugard a victim of Stockholm syndrome? 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.sfgate.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
    • Related Top News - Dugard a victim of Stockholm syndrome? - UPI.com 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.upi.com [Source type: News]
    • Dugard a victim of Stockholm syndrome? - SFGate 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.pheedcontent.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Phone owners are victims of “Stockholm Syndrome” .
    • iPhonAsia.com » Blog Archive » John Stand is back! iPhone owners are victims of “Stockholm Syndrome” 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC iphonasia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     ^ Stockholm Syndrome is common among hostages and abuse victims, who show loyalty towards their captor/abuser.
    • Patricia Arquette News | Arquette: 'Britney has Stockholm Syndrome' 31 January 2010 14:014 UTC www.actressarchives.com [Source type: General]

Translations

psychological condition
  • Finnish: Tukholma-syndrooma
  • French: syndrome de Stockholm m.
  • Japanese: ストックホルム症候群 sutokkuhorumu shoukougun

Simple English

Stockholm syndrome is something that sometimes happens to people who are victims of kidnapping. In Stockholm syndrome, the victim starts feeling loyalty toward the person who kidnapped him or her and even start to like the person. It got its name from something that happened in Stockholm, Sweden in 1973. There was a bank robbery where two thieves held four people as hostages. When the thieves were arrested six days later, the hostages hugged and kissed the men who had kept them under control for six days. [1]

References

  1. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Laura (August 31, 2009). "A Brief History of Stockholm Syndrome". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1919757,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-14. 

Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/Stockholm_syndrome"

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 12, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Stockholm syndrome, which are similar to those in the above article.








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