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The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 – April 1, 1939). The total number of participating personnel is unknown, but there were an estimated 35,000 foreigners who fought on the Republican side in what was known as the International Brigades. In addition, Hitler of Nazi Germany sent as many as 20,000 soldiers (not all at the same time) and Mussolini of Italy sent as many as 60,000 soldiers to fight alongside the soldiers of Spanish General Franco.

Veterans, for this purpose, are defined as people who were members of the armed forces of one of the combatant forces up to and including the date recognized as the end of the War, which was April 1, 1939.

Contents

Republican Forces–24 Veterans

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
 Austria Landauer, Hans 01921-04-19 19 April 1921 88  Austria International Brigade Joined up on February 12, 1937. Wounded on September 4, 1937 in Fuendetodos. Arrested in November 1940 and sent to Dachau concentration camp. Lives in Oberwaltersdorf.[1]
 Czech Republic Dufek, Karel 01916-01-24 24 January 1916 94  Czech Republic International Brigade Joined up in January 1937. Lieutenant-Colonel in the Republican army. Czechoslovak Ambassador in Brazil in years 1968-1972.[2]
 Czech Republic Vodicka, Adolf 01913-01-26 26 January 1913 97  Czech Republic International Brigade Member of the Sokol Association and youth. Captain in the Republican army. Fought in World War II.[3]
 Finland Päiviö, Jules 01915 1915 95  Canada Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Captured by Italian troops from March 1938 to spring 1939 being imprisoned in Burgos. Enlisted in World War II. Couldn't fight on front for he was a Communist. Professor, and architect. Lives in Sudbury.[4][5][6]
 France
 Germany		 Low, Adolphe 01915-07-21 21 July 1915 94  France Bataillon Edgar André Joined the International Brigade in 1936 after fleeing from the Nazis to France. Later fought in the French Resistance.[7]
 Germany Teppich, Fritz 01918-11-26 26 November 1918 91  Germany Spanish Republic Member of social youth groups during teen years, Joined up on September 5, 1936. Member of the General Staff of the XXII Arrested during World War II for being an "enemy alien". Lives in Berlin.[8]
 Ireland Cochrane, Patrick 01913-05-26 26 May 1913 96  Ireland International Brigade Last Irish veteran. Volunteered in 1937. Served as a medic. Wounded on September 5, 1937 at Calle Mayor by grenade. Lives in Dublin.[9]
 Russia Fedorov, Ivan Evgrafovich 01914-02-10 10 February 1914 96  Russia Red Army Graduated from XI military pilots school in Lugansk in 1932. Pilot during war. Destroyed 24 enemy airplanes. Deputy commander of the 269 th Fighter Division in June 1944. Social activist. Lives in Moscow.[10]
 Russia Kondrateva, Adelina 01920-02-12 12 February 1920 90  Russia Red Army Military interpreter. One of 6 surviving Russian veterans. Still alive in November 2008[11]
 Russia Lavski, Victor 01914 1914 96  Russia Red Army Bomber pilot. Committed 96 operational flights. One of 6 surviving Russian veterans. Still alive in November 2008.[citation needed]
 Russia Zaitseva, Miroslave 01913 1913 97  Russia Red Army Military interpreter. One of 6 surviving Russian veterans. Still alive in July 2008[12]
 Spain Carrillo, Santiago 01915-01-18 18 January 1915 95  Spain Communists Arrested from October 1934 to February 1936 for participating in the failed 1934 leftist coup. Elected Councillor for Public Order in the Defense Council of Madrid on November 7, 1936. Created Workers Party of Spain-Communist Unity. Led Communist forces in Madrid. Writer. Granted honorary doctorate by Autonomous University of Madrid.[13]
 Spain Santo, Roma Marques 01916 1916 94  Spain Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista Joined up on July 19, 1936. Member of the CNT. Lives in Catalan.[14][15]
 United Kingdom Edwards, Jack 01914-08-13 13 August 1914 95  United Kingdom International Brigade Shot in the leg during his service. Joined RAF in WWII. Discharged on April 29, 1946. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England. Lives in Willington.[9][16][17]
 United Kingdom Feiwel, Penny 01909-04-24 24 April 1909 100  United Kingdom International Brigade Volunteered in 1937. Nurse in the International Brigade. Severely wounded by bomb blast in 1938. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England. Lives in Bournemouth.[18][19][9]
 United Kingdom Gibson, Les 01913 1913 97  United Kingdom International Brigade Turned down attendance at ceremony for honorary Spanish citizenship on June 9, 2009 due to bad health.[9]
 United Kingdom Kenton, Lou 01908-09-01 1 September 1908 101  United Kingdom International Brigade Joined Communist Party in 1929. Volunteered in early 1937. Served as an Ambulance driver. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England.[9][20][21][22]
 United Kingdom Khan, Joseph 01915 1915 95  United Kingdom International Brigade Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England.[9]
 United Kingdom Knox, Bernard MacGregor Walker 01914-11-24 24 November 1914 95  United Kingdom International Brigade Fought in 1936 on the northwest sector of the Madrid front in the French Battalion of the XIth International Brigade. Served in United States Army during World War II. Professor of Classics at Yale Univ. from 1947 to 1961. Director of the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, D.C. from 1962-1985. Author.[23]
 United Kingdom Lesser, Sam Russell 01915 1915 95  United Kingdom British Battalion One of the first British volunteers to go to Spain. Enlisted in September 1936. Wounded in January 1937 at Lopera. Fought in Battle of Madrid. Socialist and activist. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England. Lives in London.[24][25][9]
 United Kingdom Watters, Thomas 01913 1913 97  United Kingdom International Brigade Glasgow bus driver who served in the Scottish Ambulance Unit. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009 in London, England.[9][26]
 United States Hovan, John George 01916 1916 94  United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade Volunteered in 1937. Served as a Transport driver. Granted Spanish honorary citizenship on July 9, 2009. Lives in Providence, Rhode Island.[27]
 United States Mattson, Matti August 01916 1916 94  United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade Ambulance driver. Joined in January 1937. Pilot in the Army Air Corps during World War II. Awarded Spanish citizenship at the Spanish Consulate on August 26, 2009. Lives in Brooklyn, New York.[28][29][30]
 United States Sossenko, George 01918-12-20 20 December 1918 91  United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Sébastien Faure Century Fought in World War II with Free French. Medical engineer for Michelin Tire. Writer. Lives in Atlanta, Georgia.[31]

Nationalist Forces—10 Veterans

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
 Germany Feldt, Klaus 01912-04-14 14 April 1912 97  Germany Legion Condor, Kriegsmarine Member of merchant Navy from 1930 - 1934. Fought alongisde the Kriegsmarine during World War II. Captured by the British until August 1945. Recipient of the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves.[32]
 Germany Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 01913-08-01 1 August 1913 96  Germany Legion Condor, Luftwaffe Joined the Luftwaffe in 1935. Bomber pilot in Condor Legion from 1936-'37. Flownn 320 operations and sunk 12 ships during Bomber pilot career. Captured by Russians for ten years post war. Recipient of the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves and Swords. Lives in Düsseldorf.[33]
 Germany Oesten, Jürgen 01913-10-24 24 October 1913 96  Germany Legion Condor, Kriegsmarine U-boat commander. Sunk 19 ships. Fought in WWII. Recipient of the Knight's Cross.[34]
 Germany Scholz, Günther 01911 1911 99  Germany Legion Condor, Luftwaffe Joined Navy in 1934. Commander of the 54th JG during World War II. Recipient of the German Cross in Gold. Writer.[35]
 Ireland McGuinness, Denis 02010  Ireland Irish Brigade Enlisted in December 1936. Discharged in June 1937. Lives in Bandera.[36]
 Italy Guillet, Amedeo 01909-02-07 7 February 1909 101  Ireland Corpo Truppe Volontarie Member of the Italian Olympic riding team in 1936. Commanded an aridity company and later a Moroccan tabor. Presented the Knight Grand Cross on November 4, 2000. Writer. Lives in County Meath, Ireland.[37]
 Spain Lamia, José Álvarez 01919-08-04 4 August 1919 90  Spain Nationalist Army Served in Barcelona. Writer.[38]
 Spain Comyn, Alfonso Armada 01920-02-20 20 February 1920 90  Spain Falange Enlisted aged 16. Later fought as a member of the Division Azul on the Eastern Front.[39][40]
 Spain Córdoba, José María Gárate 01918 1918 92  Spain Nationalist Army Promoted to captain in 1942. Awarded four medals. Military historian, author, and teacher.[41]
 Spain Olivera, Faustino 01919 1919 91  Spain Nationalist Army Volunteered in 1937. Wounded on November 11, 1938. Had bullet removed from his shoulder after 70 years. Lives in Barbastro.[42]

World Totals–34 veterans

  • Verified claims of Republican Forces (incl. International Brigades): 24
  • Verified claims of Nationalist Forces: 10

See also

References

  1. ^ Solinís, Pedro (2005-10). "The dignity of resistance". Mundo Obrero. http://www.nodo50.org/pce/mundoobrero/mopl.php?id=390. Retrieved 2009-11-21.  (Spanish)
  2. ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Karel Dufek (1916) - Biography". Memory of Nation. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/4205. Retrieved 2010-01-24. 
  3. ^ "Captain Adolf Vodicka (1913) - Biography". Pamet Naroda. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/44. Retrieved 2009-06-05. 
  4. ^ Interview with Jules Paivo
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ Mäkinen, Juha (2007-10). "On behalf of Spain". Voima. http://www.voima.fi/content/view/full/2379. Retrieved 2010-01-01.  (Finnish)
  7. ^ Adolphe Low: Mein Weg nach Spanien. „informationen“ Studienkreis Deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 e. V., Heft 49, Mai 1999
  8. ^ "Fritz Teppich, der letzte Spanienkämpfer". RP Online. 2009-01-02. http://www.rp-online.de/politik/Fritz-Teppich-der-letzte-Spanienkaempfer_aid_656368.html. Retrieved 2010-01-01.  (German)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Spanish Civil War are granted citizenship 70 years on
  10. ^ Zelenkov, Alexander. "Ivan Fedorov: I never feared death". Российская газета. http://www.rg.ru/Anons/arc_2002/0621/3.shtm. Retrieved 2009-10-02.  (Russian)
  11. ^ Vladimir, Potocki (2008-10-11). "Spain meets his heroes". Европейский русский альянс. http://eursa.org/node/1802. Retrieved 2009-10-02.  (Russian)
  12. ^ «Вечерка» объявляет акцию «Народный памятник» (Russian)
  13. ^ Carrillo miente, 156 documentos contra 103 falsedades, Ricardo de la Cierva
  14. ^ "The Cedar Lounge Revolution: A conversation with Roma Marquez Santo… veteran of the Spanish Civil War". Poumista. http://poumista.wordpress.com/category/spanish-civil-war/. Retrieved 2009-11-26. 
  15. ^ [2]
  16. ^ "Jack honoured for civil war efforts". Shropshire Star. 2009-05-27. http://www.shropshirestar.com/2009/05/27/jack-honoured-for-civil-war-efforts/. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  17. ^ Devine, Claire (2009-08-13). "Spanish Civil War veteran Jack Edwards celebrates his 95th birthday in Ince". Chester Chronicle. http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/chester-news/local-chester-news/2009/08/13/spanish-civil-war-veteran-jack-edwards-celebrates-his-95th-birthday-in-ince-59067-24392480/. Retrieved 2009-10-02. 
  18. ^ Jackson, Angela (2002). British Women and the Spanish Civil War. Routledge. p. 231. 
  19. ^ Rodenas, Angeles (2006-07-22). "Spanish civil war veteran: Penny Feiwel". Socialist Worker. http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=9251. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  20. ^ Band of brothers (page 6)
  21. ^ Katz, Ian (2000-11-10). "'I shall never forget it, as long as I live'". Guardian News. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,395345,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-05. 
  22. ^ [3]
  23. ^ Bernand Knox
  24. ^ Lesser Manassah ‘Russell Sam’, page 48.
  25. ^ Hattenstone, Simon (2000-11-10). "'Of the original 30, by mid-December only six were left'". Guardian News. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,395344,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-29. 
  26. ^ Hadley, Kathryn (2009-06-11). "Spanish passport for British members of the International Brigades". History Today. http://historytodaymagazine.blogspot.com/2009/06/spanish-passport-for-british-members-of.html. Retrieved 2009-12-31. 
  27. ^ Abbruzzese, Kelsey (2009-07-09). "American, 93, Honored as Spanish War Vet". Associated Press. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=8038945. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  28. ^ Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives. Retrieved on 2009-1-25
  29. ^ Akam, Simon (2009-08-26). "Spain Gives Citizenship to a Fighter of Franco". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/nyregion/27lincoln.html?partner=rss&emc=rss. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  30. ^ http://stfdocs.com/blog/comments/stf_celebrates_the_25th_anniversary_of_the_good_fight/
  31. ^ "Brigadistas Internacionales en la Guerra Civil de España". US Times. http://ustimes.com/Sossenko/brigadas.html. Retrieved 2008-01-11.  (Spanish)
  32. ^ Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas, 2000. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
  33. ^ # Berger, Florian, Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Selbstverlag Florian Berger, 2006. ISBN 3-9501307-0-5.
  34. ^ # Kurowski, Franz. Knight's Cross Holders of the U-Boat Service. Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1995. ISBN 0-88740-748-X.
  35. ^ "Am Himmel Europas". 2009. http://www.amazon.de/Am-Himmel-Europas-Jagdflieger-erinnert/dp/3000275037. Retrieved 2009-11-21. 
  36. ^ McGuinness, Niamh (2006). "A Bandera volunteer remembers". http://irelandscw.com/band-DMcG.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  37. ^ Carroll, Rory (2002-05-26). "Italians' last action hero". Guardian News. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,722356,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  38. ^ José Álvarez Limia's official website (Spanish)
  39. ^ Martínez Ínglés, Amadeo: 23-F. El golpe que nunca existió, Foca, Madrid, 2001. ISBN 849544013X.
  40. ^ Aguilar, Miguel Angel (1982-02-21). "Hubo careo Suárez-Armada en el otoño de 1977". El País. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/ARMADA_COMYN/_ALFONSO_/MILITAR_23-F/SUAREZ/_ADOLFO/ESPAnA/GOLPISMO_EN_ESPAnA_/_23-F_/23-2-1981/Hubo/careo/Suarez-Armada/otono/1977/elpepiesp/19820221elpepinac_7/Tes/. Retrieved 2009-10-13.  (Spanish)
  41. ^ Cordoba, Jose (1972). Mil días de fuego: Memorias documentadas de la guerra del treinta y seis. Caralt Editores. 
  42. ^ Govan, Fiona (2008-02-13). "Spanish civil war veteran has bullet removed". Telegraph Media Group. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/02/13/wbullet113.xml. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 

External links

List of known Spanish Civil War veterans' deaths by year

Numbers in brackets indicate the number of veterans known to die that year
2000-05 (35) · 2006 (11) · 2007 (9) · 2008 (11) · 2009 (5) · 2010 (0)
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