| Tabasaran | ||
|---|---|---|
| табасаран чIал tabasaran ĉ̣al | ||
| Spoken in | Russia | |
| Region | Southern Dagestan | |
| Total speakers | 128,900 (2002)[1] | |
| Language family | Northeast Caucasian
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | cau | |
| ISO 639-3 | tab | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of six in the Dagestan Republic.
Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the noun in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes, while Southern Tabasaran has none (i.e. one fewer than North Tabasaran).
Contents |
It is spoken in the basin of Upper Rubas-chai and Upper Chirakh-chai.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Epi- glottal |
Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lenis | fortis | |||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɢ | |||||||||||
| voiceless | p | pː | t | tː | k | kː | q | qː | ʔ | |||||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | d͡ʒʷ | ||||||||||||
| voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ʃʷ | t͡ʃːʷ | ||||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʷʼ | |||||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fː | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ʃʷ | ʃːʷ | x | xː | ʜ | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ʒʷ | ɣ | ʢ | ɦ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||
Tabasaran is written using the Cyrillic alphabet.
| Letter | IPA |
|---|---|
| А а | /ɑ/ |
| Аь аь | /æ/ |
| Б б | /b/ |
| В в | /v/ |
| Г г | /ɡ/ |
| Гг гг | /ɣ/ |
| Гъ гъ | /ʕ/ |
| Гь гь | /h/ |
| Д д | /d/ |
| Е е | /ɛ/, /jɛ/ |
| Ё ё | /jo/ |
| Ж ж | /ʒ/, /dʒ/ |
| Жв жв | /ʒʷ/ |
| З з | /z/, /dz/ |
| И и | /i/ |
| Й й | /j/ |
| К к | /kʰ/ |
| Кк кк | /kː/ |
| Къ къ | /qːʰ/ |
| Кь кь | /qʼ/ |
| КӀ кӀ | /kʼ/ |
| Л л | /l/ |
| М м | /m/ |
| Н н | /n/ |
| О о | /o/ |
| П п | /pʰ/ |
| ПП пп | /pː/ |
| ПӀ пӀ | /pʼ/ |
| Р р | /r/ |
| С с | /s/ |
| Т т | /tʰ/ |
| Тт тт | /tː/ |
| ТӀ тӀ | /tʼ/ |
| У у | /u/ |
| Уь уь | /y/ |
| Ф ф | /f/ |
| Х х | /ɦ/ |
| Хъ хъ | /qʰ/ |
| Хь хь | /x/ |
| Ц ц | /tsʰ/ |
| Цц цц | /tsːʰ/ |
| ЦӀ цӀ | /tsʼ/ |
| Ч ч | /tʃʰ/ |
| Чв чв | /tʃʷʰ/ |
| Чч чч | /tʃːʰ/ |
| ЧӀ чӀ | /tʃʼ/ |
| Ш ш | /ʃ/ |
| Шв шв | /ʃʷ/ |
| Щ щ | /ɕ/ |
| Ъ ъ | /ʔ/ |
| Ы ы | /ɨ/ |
| Ь ь | |
| Э э | /ɛ/ |
| Ю ю | /y/, /ju/ |
| Я я | /æ/, /jɑ/ |
Note: The letters indicated in red are encountered only in loanwords from Russian.
Tabasaran is very probably an active language of the fluid-S type.
Uwu aldakurawu "Уву алдакураву" — "You are falling."
Uzuz uwu kkunduzuz "Узуз уву ккундузуз" — "I love you."
Uwu fudžuwa? "Уву фужува?" — "Who are you?"
Fici wuna? "Фици вуна?" — "How are you?"
Zakur ɣürza "Закур гъюрза" — "I'll come tomorrow"
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   | Entry in the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire - The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire |
| | Sample text - TITUS Didactica: Tabasaran Sample Text: Raghniqan |
| | The consonant system of Tabasaran - TITUS Didactica: North-East Caucasian Consonant Systems |
| | Description at Languages of the World - Tabassaran - LanguageServer - University of Graz |
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