| 67th | Top bus rapid transit systems |
| Tampere | |||
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| — City — | |||
| Tampereen kaupunki | |||
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| Nickname(s): Manchester of the North, Manse (in Finnish) | |||
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| Coordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°ECoordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°E | |||
| Country | Finland | ||
| Region | Pirkanmaa | ||
| Sub-region | Tampere | ||
| Government | |||
| - City manager | Timo P. Nieminen | ||
| Area (2009-01-01)[1] | |||
| - Total | 689.53 km2 (266.2 sq mi) | ||
| - Land | 524.97 km2 (202.7 sq mi) | ||
| - Water | 164.56 km2 (63.5 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 178th largest in Finland | ||
| Population (2009-12-31)[2] | |||
| - Total | 211,544 | ||
| - Density | 402.96/km2 (1,043.7/sq mi) | ||
| Population rank | 3rd largest in Finland | ||
| Population by native language [3] | |||
| - Finnish | 94.9% (official) | ||
| - Swedish | 0.5% | ||
| - Others | 4.5% | ||
| Population by age [4] | |||
| - 0 to 14 | 13.8% | ||
| - 15 to 64 | 70.6% | ||
| - 65 or older | 15.7% | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Municipal tax rate[5] | 19% | ||
| Urbanisation | 96.9% | ||
| Unemployment rate | 10.1% | ||
| Website | www.tampere.fi | ||
Tampere (Finnish
pronunciation: [ˈtɑmpere] (
listen); Swedish: Tammerfors [tamərˈfɔrs] or
[tamərˈfɔʂ]) is a city in southern Finland located between two
lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two
lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids
linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power
source throughout history, most recently for generating
electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of Finland" for its industrial
past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given
rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms using that such as
Manserock.[6][7][8]
The Tampere region, called Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros in 2007.[7]
Tampere is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of 211,544,[2] with close to 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area.[8] Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the Greater Helsinki municipalities of Helsinki and Espoo. Helsinki can be reached in 1.5 hours by train and 2 hours by car. The distance to Turku is approximately the same. Tampere airport is the third-busiest airport in Finland, with 800,000 passengers annually.[7]
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Tampere was founded as a market place on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, 1779,[9] Tampere was granted full city rights in 1779. At this time, it was a rather small town, consisting of only a few square kilometers of land around the Tammerkoski.
Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century. During the latter half of 19th century Tampere had almost half of Finland's industrial labour. The town's industrial nature in the 19th and 20th centuries gave it the nickname "Manchester of the North", Manse for short (in Finnish).
Tampere was the centre of many important political events of Finland in the early 20th century. On November 1, 1905, during the general strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed on the Keskustori, the central square of Tampere, subsequently leading to universal suffrage in Finland and the Tsar of Russia granting larger freedoms to Finns. In 1918, when Finland had recently gained independence, Tampere also played a major role, being one of the strategically important scenes during the Civil War in Finland (January 28–May 15, 1918). Tampere was a red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command. White forces captured Tampere, seizing about 10,000 Red prisoners on April 6.
Prevalent in Tampere's post-World War II municipal politics was the so called Brothers-in-Arms Axis (aseveliakseli), the alliance of conservatives and social democrats against the communists and Agrarian party. During this era some of the most renowned city managers of Tampere were Erkki Napoleon Lindfors (who was responsible for many ambitious construction projects such as the Näsinneula tower and the construction of the suburb of Hervanta, Tampere's "daughter town"), Pekka Paavola (who gained some notoriety in corruption scandals) and Jarmo Rantanen. From 2007 on, Tampere switched to a new model of having a mayor and four deputy mayors, chosen for a periods of two years. Timo P. Nieminen was elected as the first mayor of Tampere for the years 2007–2009.
After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947, Lielahti in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally Teisko in 1972. Tampere was known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre Hermia in Hervanta is home to many companies in these fields.
Tampere is part of the Pirkanmaa region and is surrounded by the municipalities of Kangasala, Kuru, Lempäälä, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Ruovesi and Ylöjärvi.
On average, the snow season lasts 4 – 5 months: from late November to mid-April.
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The Tampere region, or Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 0.47 million residents, 0.23 million employed, and 25 billion euro turnover as of 2007.[7] According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. The Tampere region has two universities and three polytechnics totaling 40,000 students. The unemployment rate is around 10%.
There are four institutions of higher education in the Tampere area: two universities and two polytechnics (Finnish: ammattikorkeakoulu). The universities are University of Tampere (UTA),(more than 12,000 students) which is located right next to the city center, and Tampere University of Technology (more than 12,000 students), located in Hervanta. The two polytechnics (the term used by Finnish Ministry of Education), which call themselves in English "Universities of Applied Sciences", are Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu (5,000 students) and Pirkanmaan ammattikorkeakoulu (4,500 students).
Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as Väinö Linna, Kalle Päätalo and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These are all known as writers depicting the lives of working class people. Also from a working class background was the famous poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district (which is the original home of Hannu Salama too). Tampere also has old theatre traditions, with such established institutions as Tampereen Työväen Teatteri, Tampereen Teatteri and Pyynikin Kesäteatteri, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest revolving auditorium in Europe. Tampereen Teatterikesä or Tampere Theatre Festival is an international theatre festival held in Tampere every August.
Tampere is also known for its Tampere Art Museum, Tampere, Finland which featured American artist Richard Humann in 2004, for his exhibition entitled, Delicate Monster.
Tampere Film Festival, an international short film festival, is held every March. Tammerfest is Tampere's urban rock festival held every July.
Tampere Music Festivals organises three international music events: Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years Tampere Vocal Music Festival and Tampere Biennale.
Tampere is home to the television channel YLE TV2, with its studios in the Tohloppi district, known among all for such popular TV comedies as Tankki täyteen, Reinikainen and Kummeli.
A local food speciality is mustamakkara, which resembles black pudding of northern England.
Tampere has a variety of different religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services. Tampere English Service is an international community affiliated with the Tampere Pentecostal Church. English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Other notable churches in Tampere are Nokia Revival, Finnish Orthodox Church, Evangelical Free Church, and Baptist Church.
Tampere's sporting scene is driven by two sports, ice hockey and football. As the first ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of Näsijärvi, between Ilves and Pyrintö, Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish hockey. Two notably exceptional ice hockey teams exist in Tampere—Ilves and Tappara. They both have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the Hakametsä arena, are both located in Tampere. Football, however, is the number one sport in Tampere. Only Ilves have over 4,000 players in their football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 football teams alone. Tampere United play at the highest level in Finland. The city also hosted two flatwater canoeing world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the Junior World Rowing Championships.
Tampere was the host of the 10th European Youth Olympic Festival from 17 to 25 July 2009.
Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Turku, the first capital of Finland. This hostility is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Students at Tampere have organized the Non-Turkuan Nation (Ei-Turkulainen Osakunta),[10] which since 1997 has made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back under the sea.[11]
There is a lot of musical activity in Tampere, especially in the realm of black metal / heavy metal and rock. Some of the more popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Circle of Ouroborus, Uniklubi, Horna, Sargeist and Behexen.
Manserock is a general term for rock music from Tampere. In the local slang Manse means Tampere. "Manse" comes from "Manchester", as Tampere was one of the first industrial towns in Finland, and thus was similar to Manchester.
Although there was some earlier development of a rock scene in Tampere, Manserock is considered to have started in August 1969 when the famous musical Hair was performed for the first time in a local theatre. Reijo Paukku brought the musical to Tampere from the USA. Several local musicians participated in the show. The show received a lot of publicity in Tampere and in the whole of Finland.
The 70s can be considered the golden age of Manserock and the word Manserock was introduced in the early 70's. Several local rock bands were popular in Finland and the reputation of Tampere as a rock city grew. The biggest name from that age is Juice Leskinen. Some other noteworthy names are Virtanen, Kontra, and Kaseva. All of these bands played rock music with Finnish lyrics.
In 1977 Poko Records was founded. This was the first record company in Tampere and it played an important role in the support of Manserock.
In the late 1970s Tampere was known for several new wave bands although other styles of rock also existed. Bands like Eppu Normaali, Popeda, and Karanteeni spread knowledge of Manserock in Finland.
In the 80s many new bands were formed. However, some of the older bands continued and increased in popularity. Juice Leskinen, Eppu Normaali, and Popeda even published new recordings in the early 2000s.
The main tourist attraction is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which includes a dolphinarium and the landmark Näsinneula tower, topped by a revolving restaurant. Other sites of interest are Tampere Cathedral, Tampere City Library Metso ("wood grouse"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the Tampere Hall for conferences and the Tampere Market Hall.
Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905 and during a subsequent Bolshevik conference in the city met Joseph Stalin for the first time. Lenin eventually fled Tampere (for Sweden) in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the Russian Empire until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
There are many museums and galleries, including:
Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. It used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its follower Pohjois-Pirkkala. It was a free area to be built upon by the working class people working in Tampere factories. It was joined to Tampere in 1937. Currently it is a popular residential area and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.
The public transport network within Tampere consists exclusively of a bus network, which is quite popular and qualified by Finnish standards. Between 1948 and 1976 the city also had an extensive trolleybus network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland.[12] As of 2009 plans are being made for construction a light rail system in the city to replace some of the most popular bus lines (see Tampere light rail), as well as initiating commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring cities of Nokia and Lempäälä.[13]
For a more complete list, see Category:People from Tampere.
Tampere is twinned with:
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Tampere (Swedish: Tammerfors) [1] is situated on the shore of Lake Näsijärvi, some 170 km north of Helsinki, Finland. The biggest inland town in the Nordic region, Tampere has around 208,000 inhabitants and a metro population of over 340,000.
The city of Tampere lies on an isthmus situated between Lake Näsijärvi, which reaches far to the north, and Lake Pyhäjärvi in the south. The Tammerkoski rapids that run through Tampere connect the two lakes with an elevation drop of 18 metres. In the 7th century people started to gather at this connecting point of two waterways, and in the 18th century the importance of the rapids as a source of hydropower was realized. So it came to be that Tampere was officially founded on the 1st of October in 1779 by King Gustav III of Sweden.
During the 19th century Tampere grew rapidly to be an industrial center, and in the latter part of the century the town had almost half of Finland's industrial labour force, earning it the nickname Manchester of the North — which still lives on in the city's nickname Manse. Most of the industry was centered around the rapids, with the textile and paper industries particularly important.
During the 1918 Finnish Civil War Tampere was one of the Red (Communist) strongholds, and it was supposed to be the country's next capital. However, in April 1918 the victorious White forces captured the town after a large battle and seized 10,000 prisoners, summarily executing actual and suspected rebels.
In 1927 the first of the factories stopped industrial operations, and city offices later moved into the empty buildings. After 1960 most factories started to grind to a halt, but the buildings were kept. Nowadays central Tampere is characterized by these old red-brick industrial buildings, most of them housing offices, restaurants, and cultural activities.
The city centre of Tampere has a couple of prominent features:
The city tourist information office [2] is located at the railway station, which is not far from the Keskustori(central square).
People in Tampere speak Finnish and English like everybody else in Finland, but knowing a few words of Tampere dialect (Tampereen kiäli) is guaranteed to get you a few laughs. It's easy enough: just greet people with moro (with a trilling 'r'), refer to yourself as mää (pronounciation: /mæ:'/), call them sää (pronounciation: /sæ:'/) and end every sentence with nääs (pronounced /næs'/, like 'nash' in Nashville, except with a prolonged a (cf. "Naaaashville") and a normal 's' instead of 'sh'). A great sentence to practise is 'Mää en kylä enää ikänä alam mitää.' ('Minä en enää jaksa yrittää'(/m'inæ en 'enæ: y'aksa ür'ittæ:/ in plain Finnish) is pronounced: /m'æ: 'en k'ülæ 'enæ: ik'ænæ 'ala mitæ:/. That sentence means: 'I'm too tired to ever try again'.
Swedish is also spoken to a considerable degree, particularly by workers at many hotels and other tourist businesses, and also by many students at the academic level.
Tampere is serviced by Tampere-Pirkkala airport (TMP) [3], which lies 17 km from the city. Flying from Helsinki on Finnair doesn't make much sense in terms of time or money unless you're connecting. Blue1 has direct flights to Stockholm, Wingo [4] flies from Tampere to Oulu and Turku, while airBaltic connects Tampere to Riga and Kuopio.
More importantly for the budget traveller, Tampere is Ryanair's Finland hub, with service to Riga, London (Stansted), Frankfurt - Hahn, Milan, Dublin and Bremen. Note that Ryanair uses Terminal 2, while all other airlines use Terminal 1.
Paunu [5] route 61 connects Terminal 1 to Pyynikintori in central Tampere (€4.10), while Ryanair has its own bus service [6] (€6) to Terminal 2. Both take around 40 minutes. In addition to regular taxi service (€25-40, 20 min), there is also a shared airport taxi service (€12 one-way between Tampere and airport) [7]. The direct bus service betweeen the airport and Helsinki has stopped running.
The Tampere train station, recently renovated to its former subtle Art Deco glory is located right at the city center, at the east end of the main street Hämeenkatu. Most hotels are within walking distance of the station.
Tampere has extensive train links, with lines to Helsinki, Turku, up north to Lapland, east towards Jyväskylä and west to Pori. The trip to/from Helsinki by Pendolino express takes 1:30 and costs €32, while a local train will take just over 2 hours for the same trip and charge €21. On weekdays, trains to Helsinki run at least about once every hour between early morning and late evening. On weekends, there may be a gap of up to 2 hours between trains. For Finnish students (ISIC not accepted) and children (6-17 years) all train tickets are half price.
From Helsinki's airport, the fastest way to Tampere is to take a bus or taxi to Tikkurila station and board long-distance trains there. The station ticket office is closed at night, but tickets can be purchased from machines (cash only) or on board.
There is an almost hourly Expressbus coach connection from Helsinki-Vantaa airport to Tampere bus station operated by Paunu, departing from platform 13 in front of the international flights terminal. The service operates round the clock, although there may be a gap of 1 to 2 hours between services in the small hours of the night. The trip takes between 2 h and 2 h 30 min depending on whether the service calls in towns on the way. In some cases, there is a change of coach at Keimolanportti but it is well co-ordinated and easy. Tickets cost €22.50 (round trip €40.50) for adults, €11.30 for Finnish students (ISIC not accepted) and children of age 4-16. Children under the age of four travel free.
Tampere can be easily reached by car. The drive from Helsinki takes about 2 hours and there is a four-lane motorway throughout the journey (speed limit 120 km/h with small portions 100 km/h in the summer, or 100 km/h throughout in the winter). The motorway is new and in excellent condition but is mainly not lit so some care must be exercised when driving in the dark, particularly in the winter when driving conditions can be harsh due to snow and slippery road surface.
There are also road connections from Tampere to Turku, Pori, Rauma, Seinäjoki/Vaasa, Jyväskylä and Lahti but these are mostly two-lane regular roads with speed limits between 80 km/h and 100 km/h.
The city centre of Tampere is small enough to be covered on foot, but an extensive bus network connects the suburbs and the downtown. In the city centre, most of the bus lines pass through Hämeenkatu. All buses stop at or near the central square, and the City of Tampere operates a handy trip planner service [8].
Single tickets for adults (12 years and above) cost €2.50 and children cost €1, and allowed unlimited transfers within 60 minutes. Every paying adult can be accompanied for free by one child under the age of 7. Adults with a baby in a pushchair can travel for free. Between midnight and 4/5AM, night buses labeled "Y" charge €2.50 extra. Tickets can be purchased on board.
You can purchase a Tampere Tourist Card [9] for unlimited travel by bus within the Tampere city borders (€6 for the first day, additional days cost €4 for adults; youth and children are €4/€3 and €3/€2 respectively). Purchase the smartcard at the railway or bus station, central square kiosk or city transportation [10] office at Frenckellinaukio 2 B, on the northeastern side of the central square.
The tickets are also valid on most regional bus lines (lines 45-95) within city limits. You'll recognize a city tariff zone bus from the "hailing driver" logo near the right corner of the front of the bus.
If you're traveling outside the city limits, for instance to Kangasala, you have to pay according to the distance of your trip, so just tell the driver where you're going and how many tickets you want.
As elsewhere in Finland, taxis in Tampere are clean, safe, reliable and expensive. The cost of the trip depends on the number of passengers and time of day (day/night). As an example, 1-2 persons traveling in daytime a 5-kilometre trip costs about €10; and a 10 km trip about €16. You can try to hail a passing cab if its roof light is on, but the usual way is to find nearest taxi stand and get a cab from there; or call for a taxi (the number is 10041 from landline, or 01004131 from a mobile phone). Taxis accept major credit cards. Taxis can be slightly difficult to obtain on weekend nights and during Sundays. [11]
Most major car rental companies have offices in Tampere. Driving in Tampere is rather straightforward but keep in mind that many streets in the city centre are one-way and streetside parking spaces may be difficult to find at certain times of day (there is no shortage of parking spaces in indoor car parks though). Heed moose warning signs, especially at dawn and dusk.
Most of Tampere's museums concentrate on its working-class history. Kids will get a kick out of the Moomin Valley and the Spy Museum, while the top draw for adults is probably the Lenin Museum.
There are two universities in Tampere; the University of Tampere [51], and Tampere University of Technology [52]. The former has about 15,000 students and the latter about 10,000 students. Tampere has also two universities of applied sciences, the TAMK [53] and PIRAMK [54], each of which has some 5,000 students.
City of Tampere runs the Adult Education Centre [55] that offers rather cheap courses for everyone.
Tampere has lots of shopping opportunities from small specialized shops to malls. Grocery stores in Tampere (and in Finland) are usually quite easy to find. Look for e.g. K-market, S-market, Sale, Siwa, and Valintatalo. Supermarkets (Prisma, Citymarket) are located outside the city centre.
Tampere is (in)famous for its black sausage (mustamakkara), a sausage made of blood. The cheapest and most authentic way to try this is to buy from one of the stalls at the Tammelantori or Laukontori markets, with a dab of lingonberry jam (puolukkahillo) and a pint of milk (maito) on the side, but old Tampere hands will insist that the one true condiment is a mix of lingonberry jam and mustard. Order by price, not weight: "two euros" (kaksi euroa) will get you a nice hefty chunk. You can also try a doughnut (donitsi) with a cup of coffee. Note that both markets close by 2PM and are closed Sundays too.
| This guide uses the following price ranges for a typical meal for one, including soft drink: | |
| Budget | Under €10 |
| Mid-range | €10-30 |
| Splurge | Over €30 |
For inexpensive fast food, you can always visit McDonald's and Subway, or their domestic equivalents Hesburger and Rolls. Finnish pizza franchise Kotipizza has restaurants throughout the city. Ethnic pizza and kebab restaurants can be found throughout the city and are usually even cheaper than international fast food restaurants. Many of the mid-range restaurants also have lunch offers under €10.
Nightlife in Tampere is brutally competitive and cheap beer promotions abound.
See also Plevna in the Eat section for Tampere's oldest and largest microbrewery.
Internet cafes are not very common in Finland, and Tampere makes no exception. If you have your own laptop or a smartphone, most cafes offer free wireless internet (or WLAN as it is mostly called in Finland).
In general, Finland is a fairly safe country, and Tampere is no exception. On weekend nights, intoxicated people wandering around city streets may be an annoyance, especially on April 30th, the eve of May Day, when it's a common habit to get drunk; and when nice weather has people on the move. Intoxicated Finns tend to be (sometimes over-)friendly and curious towards foreigners, though black people and Arabs may sometimes experience racism. Just use your common sense, and steer clear of drunk people looking for a fight. Pickpockets occasionally lurk in crowds.
There are no exceptional crime problems or health hazards, although the extreme cold in the winter should be borne in mind by visitors, especially those planning outdoor activities. Whilst in summer the temperature rises occasionally to over 25ºC, in the winter months it can drop to around -30ºC for a day or two. Dressing warmly is a must. If you forget to bring winter clothing, you can always visit local shops for appropiate apparel. Also, watch out for slippery sidewalks in winter.
The Yliopiston Apteekki pharmacy at Hämeenkatu 16, near the main square is open daily from 7AM to 12PM.
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Category: Guide articles
Contents |
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Singular |
Plural |
Tampere
Wikipedia fi
Tampere
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Declension of Tampere (type hame)
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Tampere
| Tampere | |||
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| — City — | |||
| Tampereen kaupunki | |||
| Tampere City Centre | |||
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| Nickname(s): Manchester of the North, Manse (in Finnish) | |||
| Location of Tampere in Finland | |||
| Coordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°ECoordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°E | |||
| Country | Finland | ||
| Province | Western Finland | ||
| Region | Pirkanmaa | ||
| Sub-region | Tampere | ||
| Government | |||
| - City manager | Timo P. Nieminen | ||
| Area (2009-01-01) | |||
| - Total | 689.53 km2 (266.2 sq mi) | ||
| - Land | 524.97 km2 (202.7 sq mi) | ||
| - Water | 164.56 km2 (63.5 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2008-12-31) | |||
| - Total | 209,535 | ||
| - Density | 399.14/km2 (1,033.8/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Municipal tax rate | 18% | ||
| Urbanisation | 96.9% | ||
| Unemployment rate | 10.1% | ||
| Website | www.tampere.fi | ||
[[File:|250px|thumb|right|Tampere Railway Station]] Tampere (Swedish: Tammerfors) is the second biggest city in Finland. It is the capital of the Pirkanmaa area.
Tampere was started in 1779. Around 204,300 people were living in Tampere as of 2005. The current mayor is Timo P. Nieminen.
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