From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ At the very least he slept through biology (doesn't accept evolution) and history (thinks Lincoln could have prevented the Civil War and that it was only about slavery).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[1] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Humans evolved as a social species, which means we naturally live in groups.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ According to evolutionary theory there was a common ancestor of apes and men, at which point the lines split, one evolving into apes and one evolving into men.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Note especially the "Cambrian Explosion" about 500 million years ago.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If common descent is true, those sequence homologies between proteins in different species must fall into the same kind of pattern we observe in the fossil record.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[2]
.^ You're falsely bundling the two ideas and indirectly bashing evolution while you're at it, and it doesn't make your stance sound any less incoherent than Paul's.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution means the theory of common descent (more properly a set of theories, but that's not relevant to this discussion).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The better verified a theory becomes, the more certain we can be that the theory is true , but that doesn't make the theory a fact ; theories explain facts, they do not become facts.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
A trait is a particular characteristic such as eye color, height, or a behavior that is expressed when an organism's
genes interact with its environment. Genes vary within populations, so organisms show heritable differences (variation) in their traits. The main cause of variation is
mutation, which changes the sequence of a gene. Altered genes are then inherited by offspring. There can sometimes also be
transfer of genes between species.
Two main processes cause variants to become more common or rare in a population.
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ One could make just as coherent an argument that having a stable society allows for more reproduction and better survivability, and that stable societies require altruism and cooperation rather than conquering and oppression.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I remember many reasons suggested at teh time, but natural selection was not one of them, either from the pro war governments or the people who suggested the had ulterior motives.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[1][3] Natural selection occurs because only a few individuals in each generation will survive, since resources are limited and organisms produce many more offspring than their environment can support.
.^ I remember many reasons suggested at teh time, but natural selection was not one of them, either from the pro war governments or the people who suggested the had ulterior motives.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Adaptation: all organisms adapt to their environments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Darwinian theory is about the origin if biodiversity - why all the past and present organisms on planet earth have the traits that they do.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[4] Not every trait, however, is an adaptation.
.^ If evolution were a principle science, instead of a theory, it would provide the consistent application of law throughout the entire process.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ So, what the question - do you believe in evolution - boils down to is - do you believe that life was created by random processes .- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Evolutionary biologists document the
fact that evolution occurs, and also develop and test
theories that explain its causes.
.^ Instead it shows rapid changes of speciation over short periods of time.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The only time I have seen Horizontal/Vertical Evolution distinction is where people are referencing changes within a species (horizontal) to speciation (vertical).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If common descent is true, those sequence homologies between proteins in different species must fall into the same kind of pattern we observe in the fossil record.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[5][6] .^ Since this is artificial selection, it has nothing to do with Darwin's theories about NATURAL selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Since this is artificial selection, it has nothing to do with Darwin's theories about NATURAL selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The name of Darwin's book was "Origin of the SPECIES".- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Theory of Evolution, as first formed by Darwin, and in its magnificent elucidation since then, does not require one to know anything of biogenesis - in essence, it STARTS with reproducing life forms.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[8][9][10][11] .^ Yes Darwin studied artificial selection in order to understand natural selection, which is a MECHANISM of evolution, not the same thing as evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is an observable phenomenon, and mitochondrial DNA, primate genetic studies, and the fossil record provide incontrovertible evidence that the theory of evolution is accurate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ There is ZERO scientific evidence to support the theory of self-organization of inorganic elements into organic Life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Next quote from you: "Theories that have become facts: Tectonic Plates Earth moving around the Sun.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[9][10][13] Evolution is therefore applied and studied in fields as diverse as
ecology,
psychology,
paleontology,
philosophy,
medicine,
agriculture and
conservation biology.
History of evolutionary thought
.^ They regard it as a religious myth that was added to Christian belief in the late first century CE and was triggered by a Greek mistranslation of the book of Isaiah from the original Hebrew.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Presidents are elected to uphold and defend the constitution and lead the country into greater peace and prosperity, not legislate scientific and philosophical ideas.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[14] .^ I personally know a number of evolutionary biologists who attend church regularly and believe in God.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Others have already pointed out that there are many Christians who support (and have made great contributions to) evolutionary theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[17] As biological knowledge grew in the 18th century, evolutionary ideas were set out by a few natural philosophers including
Pierre Maupertuis in 1745 and
Erasmus Darwin in 1796.
[18] The ideas of the biologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck about
transmutation of species influenced radicals, but were rejected by mainstream scientists.
.^ Since this is artificial selection, it has nothing to do with Darwin's theories about NATURAL selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When someone presents evidence that contradicts accepted evolutionary theory, new theories are developed that explain both the older science and the new phenomenon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We sent troops to Iraq to speed up the process of natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[19] .^ The name of Darwin's book was "Origin of the SPECIES".- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ First of all, you are confusing artifical selection and natural selection with evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ You know, like natural selection, heritable variation and so on.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since this is artificial selection, it has nothing to do with Darwin's theories about NATURAL selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution doesn't care whether God created bacteria or they formed without assistance over long periods of time; evolution only cares whether those bacteria follow the principles of natural selection, heritable variation, etc.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Like Lamarck, he thought that parents
passed on adaptations acquired during their lifetimes,
[20] a theory which was subsequently dubbed
Lamarckism.
[21] In the 1880s
August Weismann's experiments indicated that changes from use and disuse were not heritable, and Lamarckism gradually fell from favour.
[22][23] .^ Ron Paul supports bad science and could lead to (not the holocaust) but to the collapse of science in America for a generation if he dumbs down the shaky American school systems/Universities.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Given the spontaneous synthesis of macromolecules, phospholipid bilayers, and RNA that can pass down heritable variation, how can you say it's absolutely impossible for life to spontaneously arise?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
In 1865
Gregor Mendel found that traits were
inherited in a predictable manner.
[24] .^ For example, when we developed the ability to sequence and compare proteins between species, that led to specific predictions that had to be true if common descent was true.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Honestly, your understanding of the word and how you apply it simply doesn't match up with how others on the board are using it (nor how it's used by working scientists in the lab....- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Each merely needs to understand how they work."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ You know, like natural selection, heritable variation and so on.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He stated that he rejects the THEORY of evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Biology is based on more than evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yeah, he says he rejects the theory of evolution, and his message is pretty sloppy.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[25]
.^ Since this is artificial selection, it has nothing to do with Darwin's theories about NATURAL selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution is an extremely well established theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Theory of Evolution, as first formed by Darwin, and in its magnificent elucidation since then, does not require one to know anything of biogenesis - in essence, it STARTS with reproducing life forms.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yes Darwin studied artificial selection in order to understand natural selection, which is a MECHANISM of evolution, not the same thing as evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is an observable phenomenon, and mitochondrial DNA, primate genetic studies, and the fossil record provide incontrovertible evidence that the theory of evolution is accurate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[26] In the 1940s, the identification of
DNA as the genetic material by
Oswald Avery and colleagues and the subsequent publication of the structure of DNA by
James Watson and
Francis Crick in 1953, demonstrated the physical basis for inheritance. Since then,
genetics and
molecular biology have become core parts of
evolutionary biology and have revolutionized the field of
phylogenetics.
[12]
In its early history, evolutionary biology primarily drew in scientists from traditional taxonomically oriented disciplines, whose specialist training in particular organisms addressed general questions in evolution.
.^ When someone presents evidence that contradicts accepted evolutionary theory, new theories are developed that explain both the older science and the new phenomenon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[12] .^ Well I have had three semesters of physics, about 8 semesters of chemistry and biochemistry abd I have three degrees in biological sciences including courses in evolutionary biology, systematics, taxonomy, and ecology and I have never heard scientific theories, laws and hypotheses defined and compared the way you do here.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not only this, I've been saying that on the basis of evolutionary theory you can't even define "behavior" as such, let alone "good" or "bad" behavior.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ States," Congress may ban the use of cannabis even where states approve its use for medicinal purposes."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Well, note that I said "a good deal of the research" - and most of the government funded part is basic research that makes the applied research, such as individual drugs, possible.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ How could any person have gradutated from a decent medical school and fail to accept the theory of evolution in the 21st century?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[27][28]Heredity
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[29] Inherited traits are controlled by
genes and the complete set of genes within an organism's
genome is called its
genotype.
[30]
The complete set of observable traits that make up the structure and behavior of an organism is called its
phenotype. These traits come from the interaction of its genotype with the
environment.
[31] As a result, many aspects of an organism's phenotype are not inherited. For example,
suntanned skin comes from the interaction between a person's genotype and sunlight; thus, suntans are not passed on to people's children.
.^ People want more than hearsay and superstition and "Faith" in the intangible.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Sorry for rambling...but thought such a post should have some personal info attached to point out that I don't agree with Ron Paul on everything, but I agree with him on more of what I find important than any other candidate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I do not include this as an argument against any other Christians who may be reading this blog - it is a silly argument in the first place - but I have noticed more TAG proponents, of late.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[32].^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[30] DNA is a long
polymer composed of four types of bases. The sequence of bases along a particular DNA molecule specify the genetic information, in a manner similar to a sequence of letters spelling out a sentence.
.^ For example, it uses the low "uncaught error" rate to postulate that, er, I dunno, some higher power is keeping the DNA of all the cells on the planet in line.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It appears that, in many cases, people have simply exchanged one set of faith-based tenants for another.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He might veto one specific kind of law in favor of another kind that does the same thing but in accordance with his Right-wing Constitutionalist viewpoint.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[33][34]
Portions of a DNA molecule that specify a single functional unit are called
genes; different genes have different sequences of bases. Within
cells, the long strands of DNA form condensed structures called
chromosomes. A specific location within a chromosome is known as a
locus. If the DNA sequence at a locus varies between individuals, the different forms of this sequence are called
alleles. DNA sequences can change through
mutations, producing new alleles.
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
However, while this simple correspondence between an allele and a trait works in some cases, most traits are more complex and are controlled by
multiple interacting genes.
[35][36] The study of such complex traits is a major area of current genetic research.
.^ Human genomic mapping, for example would not have occured without government funding, but any gene therapies that come out of it will likely be funded by private industry.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ So there was nothing more for me to add, other than to point out that studies on evolution/morality were and are being performed.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Horizontal evolution involves evolution with in the genetic code, modification of sequence, not creation of new sequences.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[37]Variation
An individual organism's
phenotype results from both its
genotype and the influence from the
environment it has lived in. A substantial part of the variation in phenotypes in a population is caused by the differences between their genotypes.
[36] The
modern evolutionary synthesis defines evolution as the change over time in this genetic variation.
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But one would think he would care a little more about our country's history and about the particulars of the Constitution, as a politician involved in making that history and debating about that Constitution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Evolutionary
forces act by driving these changes in allele frequency in one direction or another. Variation disappears when a new allele reaches the point of
fixation — when it either disappears from the population or replaces the ancestral allele entirely.
[38].^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Human genomic mapping, for example would not have occured without government funding, but any gene therapies that come out of it will likely be funded by private industry.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[39] .^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Language is perhaps the most important of all these abstract patterns created by our brains.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men evolved out of slime, programmed in their biochemical body processes with certain inalienable rights...- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[40] However, even relatively small changes in genotype can lead to dramatic changes in phenotype: chimpanzees and humans differ in only about 5% of their genomes.
[41]
Mutation
.^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ For example, it uses the low "uncaught error" rate to postulate that, er, I dunno, some higher power is keeping the DNA of all the cells on the planet in line.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Even if it were somehow demonstrated that this could not have happened, it would not change any of the evidence that evolution happened Can the creation of a living cell be replicated in a controlled laboratory atmosphere?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[42][43][44] These mutations involve several different types of change in DNA sequences; these can either have no effect, alter the
product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning.
.^ I saw him reject an absolute position either for or against, which is consistent with his previous statement to Tim Russert about "being allowed a little wiggle now and then."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[45] .^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[42] Therefore, the optimal mutation rate for a species is a trade-off between costs of a high mutation rate, such as deleterious mutations, and the
metabolic costs of maintaining systems to reduce the mutation rate, such as DNA repair enzymes.
[46] Viruses that use RNA as their genetic material have rapid mutation rates,
[47] which can be an advantage since these viruses will evolve constantly and rapidly, and thus evade the defensive responses of e.g. the human
immune system.
[48]
.^ Tie an immunity gene to a glow-in-the-dark gene and recombine it into a population of bacteria, then expose it to the relevant destructive agent.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[49] Extra copies of genes are a major source of the raw material needed for new genes to evolve.
[50] .^ According to evolutionary theory there was a common ancestor of apes and men, at which point the lines split, one evolving into apes and one evolving into men.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They become increasingly diversified and less like those ancestral forms because as new species split off from existing species, new traits evolve as new environmental niches are filled.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[51] .^ For example, it uses the low "uncaught error" rate to postulate that, er, I dunno, some higher power is keeping the DNA of all the cells on the planet in line.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ All scientific theories are "naturalistic" - every single one of them.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Human genomic mapping, for example would not have occured without government funding, but any gene therapies that come out of it will likely be funded by private industry.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[52] New genes can be created from an ancestral gene when a duplicate copy mutates and acquires a new function.
.^ One will never have 100% belief in a candidate's positions, but this is trivial....He still is the only honest contender, no wonder he is dissected (unlike EVERY other candidate) .- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It says absolutely nothing, one way or the other, about God, because God is not a physical thing, or law, or whatever, that can be analyzed by scientific methods.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If some 16 year old can't abort her baby in Georgia say, that's not alright because one in New York can.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[53][54] Other types of mutation can even create entirely new genes from previously noncoding DNA.
[55][56] The creation of new genes can also involve small parts of several genes being duplicated, with these fragments then recombining to form new combinations with new functions.
[57][58] When new genes are assembled from shuffling pre-existing parts,
domains act as modules with simple independent functions, which can be mixed together creating new combinations with new and complex functions.
[59] .^ I like it when the rank ignorant make bold declarations about a subject they don't know a goddamn thing about.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[60]
.^ In the biological evolution, we know, evolution is supposedly based on mutations within DNA. But what about the cultural evolution?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He, as billions of other human beings believe they are somehow greater than the sum of material processes.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These are not only two separate steps, they're two entirely different theories.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Most Americans, when asked whether they believe in evolution, will interpret the question in human-centric terms, somewhere along the lines of "did humans evolve from monkeys?"- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[61] In evolution, the most important role of such chromosomal rearrangements may be to accelerate the divergence of a population into new species by making populations less likely to interbreed, and thereby preserving genetic differences between these populations.
[62]
Sequences of DNA that can move about the genome, such as
transposons, make up a major fraction of the genetic material of plants and animals, and may have been important in the evolution of genomes.
[63] .^ That it is now understood to mean more than simply Darwin's theory is the fault of all the militant naturalists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ For example there is little evidence that born of a "virgin" is any more of a correct reading than born of a "young woman".- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Somehow these deluded people imagine that it is easier for a house cat to evolve into tigers, lions, cheetahs, and leopards in 4000 years than for humans to evolve from an ape ancestor in tens of millions of years.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[64] Another effect of these mobile DNA sequences is that when they move within a genome, they can mutate or delete existing genes and thereby produce genetic diversity.
[43]Sex and recombination
.^ Then they cannot understand why creationists cannot believe it, or see clear science, not understanding that the whole evolution package includes the other 5 theories.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Then they cannot understand why creationists cannot believe it, or see clear science, not understanding that the whole evolution package includes the other 5 theories."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
In contrast, the offspring of
sexual organisms contain random mixtures of their parents' chromosomes that are produced through
independent assortment. In a related process called
homologous recombination, sexual organisms exchange DNA between two matching chromosomes.
[65] Recombination and reassortment do not alter allele frequencies, but instead change which alleles are associated with each other, producing offspring with new combinations of alleles.
[66] Sex usually increases genetic variation and may increase the rate of evolution.
[67][68] However, asexuality is advantageous in some environments as it can evolve in previously-sexual animals.
[69] Here, asexuality might allow the two sets of alleles in their genome to diverge and gain different functions.
[70]
Recombination allows even alleles that are close together in a strand of DNA to be
inherited independently. However, the rate of recombination is low (approximately two events per chromosome per generation). As a result, genes close together on a chromosome may not always be shuffled away from each other, and genes that are close together tend to be inherited together, a phenomenon known as
linkage.
[71] This tendency is measured by finding how often two alleles occur together on a single chromosome, which is called their
linkage disequilibrium. A set of alleles that is usually inherited in a group is called a
haplotype.
.^ Can one believe in genetic mutation, selection, common descent, etc.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And the poster's link to a study showing that the incidence of a particular cancer was associated with greater genetic diversity of the cell population doesn't support his claim one bit.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But one would think he would care a little more about our country's history and about the particulars of the Constitution, as a politician involved in making that history and debating about that Constitution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[72]When alleles cannot be separated by recombination – such as in mammalian
Y chromosomes, which pass intact from fathers to sons – harmful
mutations accumulate.
[73][74] By breaking up allele combinations, sexual reproduction allows the removal of harmful mutations and the retention of beneficial mutations.
[75] In addition, recombination and reassortment can produce individuals with new and advantageous gene combinations.
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It could be argued that his policies on reducing the size of the government have these effects, but at least these are not active, direct measures against an agnostic 'worldview'.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[75] .^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He was speculating - this was not a hypothesis, it was not part of the Theory of Evolution - it was speculation, labeled as such.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Another area elucidated by evolution is cancer research.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[78]Population genetics
From a genetic viewpoint, evolution is a
generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population that shares a common gene pool.
[79] A
population is a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species. For example, all of the moths of the same species living in an isolated forest represent a population. A single gene in this population may have several alternate forms, which account for variations between the phenotypes of the organisms. An example might be a gene for coloration in moths that has two alleles: black and white. A
gene pool is the complete set of alleles for a gene in a single population; the
allele frequency measures the fraction of the gene pool composed of a single allele (for example, what fraction of moth coloration genes are the black allele). Evolution occurs when there are changes in the frequencies of alleles within a population of interbreeding organisms; for example, the allele for black color in a population of moths becoming more common.
To understand the mechanisms that cause a population to evolve, it is useful to consider what conditions are required for a population not to evolve.
.^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[80] Such a population is said to be in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; it is not evolving.
[81]Gene flow
When they mature, male
lions leave the pride where they were born and take over a new pride to mate, causing
gene flow between prides.
[82]
.^ If those relationships were real, then the protein comparisons should show the same degree of relationship between those species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[83] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Gene transfer between species includes the formation of
hybrid organisms and
horizontal gene transfer.
Migration into or out of a population can change allele frequencies, as well as introducing genetic variation into a population. Immigration may add new genetic material to the established
gene pool of a population. Conversely, emigration may remove genetic material.
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Gene flow is hindered by mountain ranges, oceans and deserts or even man-made structures such as the
Great Wall of China, which has hindered the flow of plant genes.
[84].^ You may be right that the responses to BoMar were not the most helpful possible, and I'd like to see modelled a more useful set of responses.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ There are two possible reasons he would say it that way: either he doesn't understand how pointless it is to say it, or he's pandering to those who don't understand how pointless it is to say it (like you).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ See, since you like Wikipedia so much, I'll link to the most recent S.C. ruling in the drug wars, Gonzales v.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[85] .^ Actually, bstender, what I meant was that previous movements against civil liberties during war demonstrate that such movements go against the grain of American politics and are generally reversible.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The phylogenetic tree that was developed based on the fossil data showed what were believed to be ancestral relationships, and they also showed which species are most closely related to which other species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[86] The importance of hybridization in creating
new species of animals is unclear, although cases have been seen in many types of animals,
[87] with the
gray tree frog being a particularly well-studied example.
[88]
.^ That it is now understood to mean more than simply Darwin's theory is the fault of all the militant naturalists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Far more important than being "enslaved" to government (is someone forcing your citizenship, BTW?) is the state of enslavement that American culture is in to dishonesty and bullshit.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ So either he considers his personal beliefs more important than the mountains of evidence, or he simply doesn't know about the mountains of evidence.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[89][90] Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical partner during meiosis.
[91] .^ And the poster's link to a study showing that the incidence of a particular cancer was associated with greater genetic diversity of the cell population doesn't support his claim one bit.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[92]
Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another organism that is not its offspring; this is most common among
bacteria.
[93] .^ If bacteria did not evolve, then there would be no such thing as MRSA and other drug resistant bugs.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And in fact, some of our most effective antibiotics have come from soil microorganisms so it is not surprising that soils would contain bacteria with resistance to some of them.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Secondly: A bacteria may develop resistance to one antibiotic (naturally occuring or otherwise) and have cross resistance to another because the antibiotic mechanism is similar.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[94] .^ Secondly: A bacteria may develop resistance to one antibiotic (naturally occuring or otherwise) and have cross resistance to another because the antibiotic mechanism is similar.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[95][96] An example of larger-scale transfers are the eukaryotic
bdelloid rotifers, which appear to have received a range of genes from bacteria, fungi, and plants.
[97] Viruses can also carry DNA between organisms, allowing transfer of genes even across
biological domains.
[98] Large-scale gene transfer has also occurred between the ancestors of
eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes, during the acquisition of
chloroplasts and
mitochondria.
[99]
Mechanisms
.^ First of all, you are confusing artifical selection and natural selection with evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yes Darwin studied artificial selection in order to understand natural selection, which is a MECHANISM of evolution, not the same thing as evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ By changing its environment, you influence natural selection to select for bacteria that have the immunity gene (remember, not all the bacteria get it when you do the recombination).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since not all organisms are equally well adapted to their environment, some will survive and reproduce better than others -- this is known as natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Racism is bad does not = genes don't exist or genotypes do not change over generations.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ You know, like natural selection, heritable variation and so on.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[100] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is an observable phenomenon, and mitochondrial DNA, primate genetic studies, and the fossil record provide incontrovertible evidence that the theory of evolution is accurate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[101] .^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Population bottlenecks, where the population shrinks temporarily and therefore loses genetic variation, result in a more uniform population.
[38]
Natural selection
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Can one believe in genetic mutation, selection, common descent, etc.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
It has often been called a "self-evident" mechanism because it necessarily follows from three simple facts:
- Heritable variation exists within populations of organisms.
- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
- These offspring vary in their ability to survive and reproduce.
These conditions produce competition between organisms for survival and reproduction.
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[102].^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since not all organisms are equally well adapted to their environment, some will survive and reproduce better than others -- this is known as natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[103] Fitness is measured by an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, which determines the size of its genetic contribution to the next generation.
[103] However, fitness is not the same as the total number of offspring: instead fitness is indicated by the proportion of subsequent generations that carry an organism's genes.
[104] For example, if an organism could survive well and reproduce rapidly, but its offspring were all too small and weak to survive, this organism would make little genetic contribution to future generations and would thus have low fitness.
[103]
.^ The term evolution in common parlance does mean something other than the purely technical meaning you and others are claiming it means.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But it's several orders of magnitude more likely to be true than any other theory we've got.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
These traits are said to be "selected
for". Examples of traits that can increase fitness are enhanced survival, and increased
fecundity.
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Otherwise they would be unable to adapt to their environment when it changes.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[1] .^ You're also wrong there - the libertarian position may be (MAY BE - I haven't studied this much) impractical, but it's not a foolish position to take with regards to the law.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ F=Gm1m2/d2 is a Law - (and is wrong in critical ways) but it does not tell us diddly squat about how gravity works.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And, by the way, when that morality evolves, does it have any material carrier, or we have given up on naturalistic explanations whatsoever?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[105][106]
.^ You know, like natural selection, heritable variation and so on.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[107] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ There are two possible reasons he would say it that way: either he doesn't understand how pointless it is to say it, or he's pandering to those who don't understand how pointless it is to say it (like you).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[102][108] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[109] .^ The modification of DNA with in species has been accepted since man first started cultivating crops and animals via selective breeding and planting.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "The modification of DNA with in species has been accepted since man first started cultivating crops and animals via selective breeding and planting.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[110] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[111]
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Truth is the first order of business, and it's more beautiful than libertarianism dysfunctionally marketed, less likely implemented.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Not too hard to make an experiment to demonstrate natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Virgin Birth is theologically essential because if Jesus had two natural parents he would have had a sin nature like every other human, and he would not have lived a sinless life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It's just more subtle, and destroys good sense in ways other than personal/physical direct murder suicide.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since not all organisms are equally well adapted to their environment, some will survive and reproduce better than others -- this is known as natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Eugene Odum, a founder of ecology, defined an ecosystem as: "Any unit that includes all of the organisms...in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (ie: exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within the system."
[112] Each population within an ecosystem occupies a distinct
niche, or position, with distinct relationships to other parts of the system. These relationships involve the life history of the organism, its position in the
food chain, and its geographic range.
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yes Darwin studied artificial selection in order to understand natural selection, which is a MECHANISM of evolution, not the same thing as evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Humans, being the only species that can consider such things on a rational level rather than acting out of instinct, can make rational choices about such things.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Humans evolved as a social species, which means we naturally live in groups.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[113][114] None of these are mutually exclusive and selection can act on multiple levels simultaneously.
[115] .^ Human genomic mapping, for example would not have occured without government funding, but any gene therapies that come out of it will likely be funded by private industry.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[116] .^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[117]
Genetic drift
Simulation of
genetic drift of 20 unlinked alleles in populations of 10 (top) and 100 (bottom). Drift to
fixation is more rapid in the smaller population.
.^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Secondly: A bacteria may develop resistance to one antibiotic (naturally occuring or otherwise) and have cross resistance to another because the antibiotic mechanism is similar.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The "fittest" in "Survival of the fittest" refers to individuals in a population that are best able to survive and reproduce in a given environment.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
In mathematical terms, alleles are subject to
sampling error. As a result, when selective forces are absent or relatively weak, allele frequencies tend to "drift" upward or downward randomly (in a
random walk). This drift halts when an allele eventually becomes
fixed, either by disappearing from the population, or replacing the other alleles entirely. Genetic drift may therefore eliminate some alleles from a population due to chance alone.
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In any event, the two prerequisites are readily observable (random mutation or pre-existing genetic variation in a population and selection of certain of those variations), and the phenomenon as a whole is readily observable at least in microbes - and can be reproduced experimentally.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These are not only two separate steps, they're two entirely different theories.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[118]
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Furthermore, you act as if theories can become something more, which is categorically untrue, as has been explained several times on this comment thread.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[119] The precise measure of population that is important is called the
effective population size. The effective population is always smaller than the total population since it takes into account factors such as the level of inbreeding, the number of animals that are too old or young to breed, and the lower probability of animals that live far apart managing to mate with each other.
[120]
An example when genetic drift is probably of central importance in determining a trait is the loss of
pigments from animals that live in caves, a change that produces no obvious advantage or disadvantage in complete darkness.
[121] However, it is usually difficult to measure the relative importance of selection and drift,
[122] so the comparative importance of these two forces in driving evolutionary change is an area of current research.
[123] .^ It is not that any of the theories that form the basis for evolution are necessarily without merit, but they remain, for the most part, as unestablished as their religious counterparts.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Irreducible" complexity is one of the oldest objections to evolutionary theory, and the most refuted.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Even if it were somehow demonstrated that this could not have happened, it would not change any of the evidence that evolution happened In other words, it is just theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[124] .^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[125] .^ The Theory of Evolution, as first formed by Darwin, and in its magnificent elucidation since then, does not require one to know anything of biogenesis - in essence, it STARTS with reproducing life forms.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Theory according to my links states To scientists, a theory is a coherent explanation for a large number of facts and observations about the natural world .- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ To scientists, a theory is a coherent explanation for a large number of facts and observations about the natural world.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[126][127] .^ It is never "proven", it can only be supplanted by a more complete theory which does a better job of explaining the data.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Tyler Computational complexity theory is a theory about efficiency, It attempts to get the most efficient models.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The better verified a theory becomes, the more certain we can be that the theory is true , but that doesn't make the theory a fact ; theories explain facts, they do not become facts.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[102]Outcomes
.^ That is the form of every single ID argument - "not evolution, therefore God."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "He simply does not accept evolution as a theory, as fanatical adherents do, in the materialistic totality that denies the possibility of divine intervention in the process, which is not the same as denying every aspect of that theory."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He simply does not accept evolution as a theory, as fanatical adherents do, in the materialistic totality that denies the possibility of divine intervention in the process, which is not the same as denying every aspect of that theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Most prominent are the specific behavioral and physical
adaptations that are the outcome of natural selection. These adaptations increase fitness by aiding activities such as finding food, avoiding predators or attracting mates.
.^ Since not all organisms are equally well adapted to their environment, some will survive and reproduce better than others -- this is known as natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We've observed the evolution of new species innumerable times, both in the wild and in the lab.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
These outcomes of evolution are sometimes divided into
macroevolution, which is evolution that occurs at or above the level of species, such as
extinction and
speciation, and
microevolution, which is smaller evolutionary changes, such as adaptations, within a species or population.
[128] In general, macroevolution is regarded as the outcome of long periods of microevolution.
[129] .^ Then move on to the differences between the races and explain where these differences come from, considering God only made one man and one woman to start the whole human race?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[130] However, in macroevolution, the traits of the entire species may be important.
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Also, if you're going to quote more than one person at a time when you're posting, you need to make it clear who you're quoting, and when.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[131][132][133].^ The term evolution in common parlance does mean something other than the purely technical meaning you and others are claiming it means.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Contrary to popular myth, the theory of evolution does not end with "...and therefore there is no God."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ No, evolution does not contradict the 2nd law of thermodynamics and only an ignoramus would claim it does.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[134][135] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Complex life did not evolve by chance any more than the Complete Works of Shakespeare wrote themselves.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Are they going to be more persuasive than evidence of punctuated equilibrium (explained by scientists already) or coevolution (explained by scientists already) or evolved complexity (explained by scientists already)?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[136] .^ Darwinian theory is about the origin if biodiversity - why all the past and present organisms on planet earth have the traits that they do.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[138] Simple organisms have therefore been the dominant form of life on Earth throughout its history and continue to be the main form of life up to the present day, with complex life only appearing more diverse because it is
more noticeable.
[139] .^ Most people accept only one slice of evolution and adopt five pieces without any real intensive study.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ At this time I really think the evolution thing should be put in the back burner for now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory as a whole has been substantiated by a century and a half of experimentation and theory, and Paul tosses it all aside by saying "It's a theory, the theory of evolution, and I don't accept it."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[140][141]
Adaptation
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[143][144] Also, the term adaptation may refer to a
trait that is important for an organism's survival. For example, the adaptation of horses' teeth to the grinding of grass, or the ability of horses to run fast and escape predators.
.^ Only the last two are actually part of evolutionary theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Part of the problem here is that people use the term 'theory' in different ways.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Do tell what evolutionary biologist uses the terms "horizontal evolution and vertical evolution" in the way you suggest here?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Adaptations are produced by
natural selection.
[145] The following definitions are due to
Theodosius Dobzhansky.
- 1. . is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats.^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).
- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[146]
- 2. . is the state of being adapted: the degree to which an organism is able to live and reproduce in a given set of habitats.^ No, that is not another way of stating it Is it possible to show a mathematical probability that any known given conditions would result in the formation of a viable living cell capable of reproducing?
- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Is it possible to show a mathematical probability that any known given conditions would result in the formation of a viable living cell capable of reproducing?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since not all organisms are equally well adapted to their environment, some will survive and reproduce better than others -- this is known as natural selection.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[147]
- 3. An adaptive trait is an aspect of the developmental pattern of the organism which enables or enhances the probability of that organism surviving and reproducing.[148]
Adaptation may cause either the gain of a new feature, or the loss of an ancestral feature.
.^ This example actually says nothing new about our understanding of the evolution of antibiotic resistance.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When it comes to bacterial infection, it's enuf to recognize that bacteria mutate (e.g., Staphylococcus mutations arise in penicillin binding proteins, or in the active site of their beta-lactamases), and that this can cause resistance to antibiotics.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Are you confusing smallpox innoculations with bacterial resistance to antibiotics?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[149] .^ Yes, our knowledge of how resistance to antibiotics evolves allows us to create new chemical entities that are still effective.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If bacteria did not evolve, then there would be no such thing as MRSA and other drug resistant bugs.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[153][154] .^ Even if some version of abiogenesis via natural means were established beyond all doubt, religion still could coexist with it.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[155][156]Adaptation occurs through the gradual modification of existing structures. Consequently, structures with similar internal organization may have different functions in related organisms.
.^ But not least of all is the fact that faint traces of lunacy often have a method of being detected in different ways to many different people.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ First of all, you gave an obvious example yourself (and then tried to hand-wave it off by calling us idiots).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[158] .^ Even if some version of abiogenesis via natural means were established beyond all doubt, religion still could coexist with it.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As an Atheist woman who may well be partially dependent on my Social Security in my old age, I'm damned glad he's got little to no chance of winning.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Fact is, we also need to open our eyes and our mouths and speak up and say no that's not good enough when a candidate hides behind state's rights or some other such nonsense.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[160][161].^ There may be some very very brief periods during which government got smaller, but > 95% of the time it grows.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[162] .^ As an Atheist woman who may well be partially dependent on my Social Security in my old age, I'm damned glad he's got little to no chance of winning.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The phylogenetic tree that was developed based on the fossil data showed what were believed to be ancestral relationships, and they also showed which species are most closely related to which other species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Examples include
pseudogenes,
[163] the non-functional remains of eyes in blind cave-dwelling fish,
[164] wings in flightless birds,
[165] and the presence of hip bones in whales and snakes.
[157] Examples of vestigial structures in humans include
wisdom teeth,
[166] the
coccyx,
[162] and the
vermiform appendix.
[162]
However, many traits that appear to be simple adaptations are in fact
exaptations: structures originally adapted for one function, but which coincidentally became somewhat useful for some other function in the process.
[167] One example is the African lizard
Holaspis guentheri, which developed an extremely flat head for hiding in crevices, as can be seen by looking at its near relatives. However, in this species, the head has become so flattened that it assists in gliding from tree to tree—an
exaptation.
[167] Within cells,
molecular machines such as the bacterial
flagella[168] and
protein sorting machinery[169] evolved by the recruitment of several pre-existing proteins that previously had different functions.
[128] Another example is the recruitment of enzymes from
glycolysis and
xenobiotic metabolism to serve as structural proteins called
crystallins within the lenses of organisms'
eyes.
[170][171]A critical principle of
ecology is that of
competitive exclusion: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment for a long time.
[172] Consequently, natural selection will tend to force species to adapt to different
ecological niches.
.^ Humans evolved as a social species, which means we naturally live in groups.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ You mean different species follow different parts of evolutionary theory?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ For example, when we developed the ability to sequence and compare proteins between species, that led to specific predictions that had to be true if common descent was true.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[173]An area of current investigation in
evolutionary developmental biology is the
developmental basis of adaptations and exaptations.
[174] .^ Now, since the discussion is about evolution, you need to explain how in the world we evolved that "liberty" thing out of our biochemical processes.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If they are immaterial, how did material evolution create immaterial processes?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ How about addressing the fact that the edited part has nothing to do with Paul rejecting evolution?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[175] .^ It is not that any of the theories that form the basis for evolution are necessarily without merit, but they remain, for the most part, as unestablished as their religious counterparts.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Some people would prefer to think of evolution as a fact, and thats their right as long as they don't insist upon others forming the same postulate as they do.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It is not that any of the theories that form the basis for evolution are necessarily without merit, but they remain, for the most part, as unestablished as their religious counterparts."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[176] .^ And nobody rational is denying the possibility of divine intervention in the process, including those who accept evolution as a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And no amount of ignorant posturing by those who don't know the real meaning of evolution is going to magically change the meaning to something it isn't.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[177] It is now becoming clear that most alterations in the form of organisms are due to changes in a small set of conserved genes.
[178]Co-evolution
Interactions between organisms can produce both conflict and co-operation.
.^ For example, when we developed the ability to sequence and compare proteins between species, that led to specific predictions that had to be true if common descent was true.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When we developed the ability to sequence and compare proteins from different species, for example, we then had a whole new set of data that could have falsified our theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ No one here has claimed that evolution is a fact.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
This cycle of selection and response is called
co-evolution.
[179] An example is the production of
tetrodotoxin in the
rough-skinned newt and the evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in its predator, the
common garter snake. In this predator-prey pair, an
evolutionary arms race has produced high levels of toxin in the newt and correspondingly high levels of toxin resistance in the snake.
[180]Co-operation
.^ If we're comparing, say, a hemoglobin protein between all those species, the human hemoglobin should be closest in sequence to the chimp, next closest with the pig, next closest with the chicken, and so forth.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[181] Many cases of mutually beneficial interactions have evolved. For instance, an extreme cooperation exists between plants and the
mycorrhizal fungi that grow on their roots and aid the plant in absorbing nutrients from the soil.
[182] This is a
reciprocal relationship as the plants provide the fungi with sugars from photosynthesis. Here, the fungi actually grow inside plant cells, allowing them to exchange nutrients with their hosts, while sending
signals that suppress the plant
immune system.
[183]
.^ If those relationships were real, then the protein comparisons should show the same degree of relationship between those species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
An extreme case is the
eusociality found in
social insects, such as
bees,
termites and
ants, where sterile insects feed and guard the small number of organisms in a
colony that are able to reproduce.
.^ Over-reproduction: all organisms tend to reproduce beyond their environment's capacity to support them (this is based on the work of Thomas Malthus, who studied how populations of organisms tended to grow geometrically until they encountered a limit on their population size).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They've also pointed out that regardless of how life started, that the theory of evolution best supports how the first organism(s) became as diverse as they are now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Here, somatic cells respond to specific signals that instruct them whether to grow, remain as they are, or die. If cells ignore these signals and multiply inappropriately, their uncontrolled growth
causes cancer.
[42]
.^ What is true for one species may not apply to another species when the evidence is contradictory."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ What is true for one species may not apply to another species when the evidence is contradictory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[184] .^ And those materials, in turn, were passed on because they allowed previous ancestors to survive and reproduce.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[185] .^ I do not include this as an argument against any other Christians who may be reading this blog - it is a silly argument in the first place - but I have noticed more TAG proponents, of late.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[186]
Speciation
Speciation is the process where a species diverges into two or more descendant species.
[187] Evolutionary biologists view species as statistical phenomena and not categories or types.
.^ Variation: all organisms are variable in their traits.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Darwinian theory is about the origin if biodiversity - why all the past and present organisms on planet earth have the traits that they do.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Instead, a species is now defined as a separately evolving lineage that forms a single
gene pool. Although properties such as genetics and morphology are used to help separate closely related lineages, this definition has fuzzy boundaries.
[188] Indeed, the exact definition of the term "species" is still controversial, particularly in prokaryotes,
[189] and this is called the
species problem.
[190] Biologists have proposed a range of more precise definitions, but the definition used is a pragmatic choice that depends on the particularities of the species concerned.
[190] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Humans, being the only species that can consider such things on a rational level rather than acting out of instinct, can make rational choices about such things.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Actually, I remember hearing that pre-translation the words used to describe Mary were "young woman" rather than "virgin".- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A scientific law is a description of a natural phenomenon or principle that invariably holds true under specific conditions and will occur under certain circumstances.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We've observed the evolution of new species innumerable times, both in the wild and in the lab.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[191] In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation results from reproductive isolation followed by genealogical divergence. There are four mechanisms for speciation. The most common in animals is
allopatric speciation, which occurs in populations initially isolated geographically, such as by
habitat fragmentation or migration. Selection under these conditions can produce very rapid changes in the appearance and behaviour of organisms.
[192][193] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[194]
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Firstly, the "rapid changes" are much smaller than you seem to think; secondly, punk eek is compatible with the majority of the few cases where the fossil record has the incredibly high resolution required to see speciation, but not all of them.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not one of them is inexplicable, and all of them are much smaller than you believe.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[195]
The third mechanism of speciation is
parapatric speciation.
.^ There is no doubt about the evolution of new species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Is there a similar disclaimer on the social science department's websites separating themselves from all the Marxist who inhabit social science departments?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ There's a huge distinction between ackowledging the mechanism of evolution in the ADAPTATION of existent Life, and claiming it provides a supportable theory explaining the ORIGINS of Life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ However, on many issues, two being The War Between the States and evolution, educated people are divided.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[187] .^ The only time I have seen Horizontal/Vertical Evolution distinction is where people are referencing changes within a species (horizontal) to speciation (vertical).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I would like to think that the Creative force would allow species to adapt to changes in their environment over time.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
One example is the grass
Anthoxanthum odoratum, which can undergo parapatric speciation in response to localized metal pollution from mines.
[196] Here, plants evolve that have resistance to high levels of metals in the soil.
.^ Evolution is NOT totally random (random mutations lead to nonrandom selection leads to change in population - the only random component is the mutation).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ We further observe that over time, as new species in that new taxon appear they look less and less like that older species, become more and more diversified and look more and more like the modern members of that taxon.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The only time I have seen Horizontal/Vertical Evolution distinction is where people are referencing changes within a species (horizontal) to speciation (vertical).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[197]Finally, in
sympatric speciation species diverge without geographic isolation or changes in habitat.
.^ And even explicit elucidation of the differences may make little impression, as evidenced by the poster Mike.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[198] .^ The theory of evolution and creationism need not be mutually exclusive, but both ideas require some flexibility.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We've observed the evolution of new species innumerable times, both in the wild and in the lab.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A certain element of randomness is required for mutation to happen, so far as I understand, so if you're rejecting that part then it's probably not right to say that you accept evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[199].^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We see the patterns in the fossil record and we infer from them that they were produced by the splitting off of one species from another.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
This is not common in animals as animal hybrids are usually sterile. This is because during
meiosis the
homologous chromosomes from each parent are from different species and cannot successfully pair. However, it is more common in plants because plants often double their number of chromosomes, to form
polyploids.
[200] This allows the chromosomes from each parental species to form a matching pair during meiosis, since as each parent's chromosomes is represented by a pair already.
[201] .^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When we developed the ability to sequence and compare proteins from different species, for example, we then had a whole new set of data that could have falsified our theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[202] This happened about 20,000 years ago,
[203] and the speciation process has been repeated in the laboratory, which allows the study of the genetic mechanisms involved in this process.
[204] .^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[90]
.^ Historical examples include punctuated equilibrium (long periods with little change punctuated by short periods of rapid speciation/change) and coevolution (where two species with a mutually beneficial relationship evolve together, like some kinds of flower that can only be pollinated by a certain single species of insect).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution has a long track record of making such successful predictions, including most recently the finding of the Tiktaalik fossil precisely where it was predicted (the type of sediments it would be found in) and when it was predicted (the age of those sediments).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[205] .^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ First of all, you are confusing artifical selection and natural selection with evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It is not that any of the theories that form the basis for evolution are necessarily without merit, but they remain, for the most part, as unestablished as their religious counterparts.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Evolution has a long track record of making such successful predictions, including most recently the finding of the Tiktaalik fossil precisely where it was predicted (the type of sediments it would be found in) and when it was predicted (the age of those sediments).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If we speak of the ability to cross to a new species then we speak of the theory of evolution which is still very un-proven, and therefor a theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[206]
Extinction
Extinction is the disappearance of an entire species. Extinction is not an unusual event, as species regularly appear through speciation, and disappear through extinction.
[207] .^ The modification of DNA with in species has been accepted since man first started cultivating crops and animals via selective breeding and planting.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I postulate that we all exist and live on earth and your not just the figment of some weird matrix dream.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "The modification of DNA with in species has been accepted since man first started cultivating crops and animals via selective breeding and planting.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[209] These extinctions have happened continuously throughout the history of life, although the rate of extinction spikes in occasional mass
extinction events.
[210] .^ Several commenters (Julia and Gretchen, eg) went most of the way down this path but for one reason or another stopped short along the way.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[210] The
Holocene extinction event is an ongoing mass extinction associated with humanity's expansion across the globe over the past few thousand years.
.^ As I've noted above, evolution is "only" a few thousand times more likely to be true than any other theory we've got to explain a century and a half of experimentation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[211] Human activities are now the primary cause of the ongoing extinction event;
[212] global warming may further accelerate it in the future.
[213]
.^ As an Atheist woman who may well be partially dependent on my Social Security in my old age, I'm damned glad he's got little to no chance of winning.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Of course, that may very well change with this new SCOTUS crew.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Their belief in a supernatural God very well might inform their belief, or disbelief, in evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[210] .^ Katie: Scientists may be divided on the mechanisms by which evolution works, but not on the basic principle that sexual selection, natural selection and mutation cause and continue to affect and effect speciation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[12] If one species can out-compete another, this could produce
species selection, with the fitter species surviving and the other species being driven to extinction.
[113] .^ Tell me why the forces of natural selection operating on a social species wouldn't/couldn't create a sense or moral sentiments.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Instead it shows rapid changes of speciation over short periods of time.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They've also pointed out that regardless of how life started, that the theory of evolution best supports how the first organism(s) became as diverse as they are now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[214]
Evolutionary history of life
Origin of life
.^ Evolution does NOT deal with the origins of life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Theory of Evolution, as first formed by Darwin, and in its magnificent elucidation since then, does not require one to know anything of biogenesis - in essence, it STARTS with reproducing life forms.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And when that "capacity for culture" appeared, we are not talking about biological evolution anymore, it is now "cultural evolution."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[215] .^ So to claim that life came from non life (proven by Louis Pasteur as an impossibility), or that all complex chemicals came from hydrogen, to some, like Dr Paul, requires just as much faith as it does to say there is a God.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ How that first self-replicating life came to be here is irrelevant to the truth of the theory of common descent.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "So to claim that life came from non life (proven by Louis Pasteur as an impossibility), or that all complex chemicals came from hydrogen, to some, like Dr Paul, requires just as much faith as it does to say there is a God.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[216] .^ It is a theory which best explains the data about how life developed on earth.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Also things are not so clear about the lack of evidence for natural origins of life as you make it out to be.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Virgin Birth is theologically essential because if Jesus had two natural parents he would have had a sin nature like every other human, and he would not have lived a sinless life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[217][218] .^ He just said that there is no way to know for sure how we came to be.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Ask Ron Paul if he believes in the immortal human soul, and if he does, where is the scientific proof that there is such a thing?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ No, therefore we have no scientific evidence concerning the conditions necessary to bring about life.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[220]
Common descent
.^ Darwinian theory is about the origin if biodiversity - why all the past and present organisms on planet earth have the traits that they do.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[159] .^ Evolutionary theory states that speciation, the "diversity of life," is the result of chance variation interacting with a process of natural selection, it does not make claims to explain "any behavior."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And the point in any event is, of course, not whether candidates are knowledgeable in some specialized area but whether they accept scientific consensus as the current best bet on an issue.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And with the current context of evolution it is often used to imply origin of species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[221] The
common descent of organisms was first deduced from four simple facts about organisms: First, they have geographic distributions that cannot be explained by local adaptation.
.^ They've also pointed out that regardless of how life started, that the theory of evolution best supports how the first organism(s) became as diverse as they are now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Third, vestigial traits with no clear purpose resemble functional ancestral traits, and finally, that organisms can be classified using these similarities into a hierarchy of nested groups – similar to a family tree.
[7] However, modern research has suggested that, due to horizontal gene transfer, this "
tree of life" may be more complicated than a simple branching tree since some genes have spread independently between distantly related species.
[222][223]
Past species have also left records of their evolutionary history.
Fossils, along with the comparative anatomy of present-day organisms, constitute the morphological, or anatomical, record.
[224] .^ If we're comparing, say, a hemoglobin protein between all those species, the human hemoglobin should be closest in sequence to the chimp, next closest with the pig, next closest with the chicken, and so forth.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Well, note that I said "a good deal of the research" - and most of the government funded part is basic research that makes the applied research, such as individual drugs, possible.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Further, as prokaryotes such as
bacteria and
archaea share a limited set of common morphologies, their fossils do not provide information on their ancestry.
.^ Evolution means the theory of common descent (more properly a set of theories, but that's not relevant to this discussion).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If the common ancestor between humans and chimps was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and pigs, which was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and chickens, which was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and earthworms - as the fossil evidence clearly showed - then we should find the same relationship between shared protein sequences in those species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ We draw logical inferences using the same kind of deductive reasoning all the time in the sciences.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ For example, it uses the low "uncaught error" rate to postulate that, er, I dunno, some higher power is keeping the DNA of all the cells on the planet in line.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It completely matters who is is talking to here, as that affects how he will use the word (though, in all likelihood, he will use the word the same way in other circumstances, as he is not a specialist).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[225] .^ If we concern ourselves only with the fact that species can diversify at the very least with in the species then it is the science of genetics, not evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ (For the record, I have seen evolution on a petri dish full of bacteria and bacteriophages, and so did everyone else in that first-year molecular biology course.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ These pressures, in the long term, can also shape a species, and even cause a population of organisms within that species to diverge and become a new one.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[226] .^ "One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If common descent is true, those sequence homologies between proteins in different species must fall into the same kind of pattern we observe in the fossil record.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ One of the things I have noted about evolutionists is that they tend to switch their opinions when it comes to the mechanics of the evolutionary transformation process when it is applied to different species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[227]
Evolution of life
.^ What do you expect, a stop-motion video depicting the evolution from the common ancestor of Eukarya, Prokarya and Archaea to modern man?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The common ancestor is neither modern ape nor modern man (whether it's classifiably in the same genus as apes is a matter for taxonomists).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If the common ancestor between humans and chimps was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and pigs, which was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and chickens, which was more recent than the common ancestor between humans and earthworms - as the fossil evidence clearly showed - then we should find the same relationship between shared protein sequences in those species.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[228] The three
domains are colored, with
bacteria blue,
archaea green, and
eukaryotes red.
.^ It is a theory which best explains the data about how life developed on earth.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[2][229] No obvious changes in
morphology or cellular organization occurred in these organisms over the next few billion years.
[230]
The
eukaryotes were the next major change in cell structure. These came from ancient bacteria being engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, in a cooperative association called
endosymbiosis.
[99][231] The engulfed bacteria and the host cell then underwent co-evolution, with the bacteria evolving into either
mitochondria or
hydrogenosomes.
[232] An independent second engulfment of
cyanobacterial-like organisms led to the formation of
chloroplasts in algae and plants.
[233] .^ The first birds appear just like theropod dinosaurs because they split off from a lineage of theropod dinosaurs.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
The history of life was that of the unicellular eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea until about 610 million years ago when multicellular organisms began to appear in the oceans in the
Ediacaran period.
[2][234] .^ They've also pointed out that regardless of how life started, that the theory of evolution best supports how the first organism(s) became as diverse as they are now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[235].^ Note especially the "Cambrian Explosion" about 500 million years ago.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They've also pointed out that regardless of how life started, that the theory of evolution best supports how the first organism(s) became as diverse as they are now.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ With the enormous, massive, inexplicable gaps in the fossil record, who here can absolutely defend evolution?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Well, it doesn't matter unless he starts pandering to the creationists - which is what he appears to do here.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "With the enormous, massive, inexplicable gaps in the fossil record, who here can absolutely defend evolution?"- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[236] Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of
oxygen in the
atmosphere from
photosynthesis.
[237] .^ Note especially the "Cambrian Explosion" about 500 million years ago.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The fact that it happened 100 million years ago does not affect the validity of that inference.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Like I pointed earlier, ten years ago no one knew about it, today we have to banish them from our forums.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[238] Insects were particularly successful and even today make up the majority of animal species.
[239] .^ For example, we observe that when a new higher level taxon appears in the fossil record, like birds or amphibians, the first species in that taxon to appear are virtually indistinguishable from an already existing species or group.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ To believe that a kind of animal, like a dog or bird, can adapt to its environment and have variations is proven science and accepted by both evolutionists and creationists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ For me to demand an atheist candidate now is like asking for Barack Obama to run against George Washington 200 years ago.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ We've observed the evolution of new species innumerable times, both in the wild and in the lab.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Now, since the discussion is about evolution, you need to explain how in the world we evolved that "liberty" thing out of our biochemical processes.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[138]
Social and cultural responses
.^ Vertical Evolution rest upon the idea that life can come from nothing.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They regard it as a religious myth that was added to Christian belief in the late first century CE and was triggered by a Greek mistranslation of the book of Isaiah from the original Hebrew.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ That said, the policies of today's Social Democratic parties over most of the world -- and this is what, I suppose, most academics support -- would, for the most part, not even be recognized as socialism by 19th-century socialists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Nowadays, the fact that organisms evolve is uncontested in the
scientific literature and the modern evolutionary synthesis is widely accepted by scientists.
[12] However, evolution remains a contentious concept for some
theists.
[241]
.^ There are scientists who don't believe the theory of evolution is correct.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Who cares if Ron believes in evolution or not?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Who cares if Ron believes in evolution or not?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[128][242][243] .^ The fact that humans have never deliberately exposed bacteria to an antibiotic does not mean there has been no exposure - either naturally (most antibiotics are naturally occuring) or accidentially through the release of antibiotics into the environment in people or animal feces .- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolution doesn't care whether God created bacteria or they formed without assistance over long periods of time; evolution only cares whether those bacteria follow the principles of natural selection, heritable variation, etc.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Thirdly, I would like to know why you continually refuse to countenance the idea that atoms make up much bigger things, and those bigger things interact with each other, and that interaction creates things like morality and society and culture.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[6] .^ So Ron Paul's beliefs on evolution as the President of the United States should be irrelevant at best, which is why he thought the question was inappropriate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The one thing you can say about a Paul presidency is that he wouldn't involve the state with either science or religion, whatever his personal views on those matters.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The unedited version contains this statement, right between Congressman Paul stating that he doesn't accept evolution as a theory and speaking of his personal beliefs: .- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[244] .^ Fundamentalism is more disturbing in science than in any other field because the veneer of absolutism is thicker in the scientific thickhead.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The problem is that Ron Paul, like you and many others, don't have a clue what the word theory means in a scientific context.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Your "common parlance" is a cartoon version of evolutionary thought promulgated by fundamentalist young earth creationists who are practicing both bad science AND bad biblical interpretation.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Additionally, just phone a decent university's biology department and ask them what textbook they use to teach evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Education "experts" on government payroll who ban teaching of any alternative to evolution in schools are proponents of "free market of ideas"?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ How could any person have gradutated from a decent medical school and fail to accept the theory of evolution in the 21st century?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
The
Scopes Trial decision of 1925 caused the subject to become very rare in American secondary biology textbooks for a generation, but it was gradually re-introduced about a generation later and legally protected with the 1968
Epperson v. Arkansas decision. Since then, the competing religious belief of
creationism was legally disallowed in secondary school curricula in various decisions in the 1970s and 1980s, but it returned in the form of
intelligent design, to be excluded once again in the 2005
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District case.
[247]
.^ That said, the policies of today's Social Democratic parties over most of the world -- and this is what, I suppose, most academics support -- would, for the most part, not even be recognized as socialism by 19th-century socialists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Evolutionary theory as a whole has been substantiated by a century and a half of experimentation and theory, and Paul tosses it all aside by saying "It's a theory, the theory of evolution, and I don't accept it."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If Darwin's theory only spoke of the genetic modifications in life it would have been laughed at by the average English farmer who's ancestors have been experts in the art of evolution for centuries."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The TOE says nothing about how human society should be organized.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ You seem to try to build your position on the idea of the mysterious transformation of biological processes into moral and social guidelines.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "The Man" (read, Saviour) is missing the point that it has to be about ideas, (and not ideals) and which ideas and plans and organizations are most survival-promoting for YOU in this real world.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[248] However, these ideas contradict
Darwin's own views, and contemporary scientists and philosophers consider these ideas to be neither mandated by evolutionary theory nor supported by data.
[249][250][251]
Applications
.^ I remember many reasons suggested at teh time, but natural selection was not one of them, either from the pro war governments or the people who suggested the had ulterior motives.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If you've got a degree in double-E, I'm sure you're perfectly able of reading up on and understanding the science behind modern biology.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[252] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yes Darwin studied artificial selection in order to understand natural selection, which is a MECHANISM of evolution, not the same thing as evolution.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Evolution" is a change in the inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Humans have used artificial selection for thousands of years in the
domestication of plants and animals.
[253] .^ Natural selection is the process by which favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable traits that are heritable become less common (from Wikipedia).- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Natural selection is an observable phenomenon, and mitochondrial DNA, primate genetic studies, and the fossil record provide incontrovertible evidence that the theory of evolution is accurate.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "He simply does not accept evolution as a theory, as fanatical adherents do, in the materialistic totality that denies the possibility of divine intervention in the process, which is not the same as denying every aspect of that theory."- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He simply does not accept evolution as a theory, as fanatical adherents do, in the materialistic totality that denies the possibility of divine intervention in the process, which is not the same as denying every aspect of that theory.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Now, since the discussion is about evolution, you need to explain how in the world we evolved that "liberty" thing out of our biochemical processes.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[254]
.^ This may come as a surprise to y'all, but providing quality care to human beings suffering from any disease I can think of is not predicated on the belief that evolution is true.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I thought we were talking about human behavior, not about parts of the human body.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Human genomic mapping, for example would not have occured without government funding, but any gene therapies that come out of it will likely be funded by private industry.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[255] For example, the
Mexican tetra is an
albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution. Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.
[256] This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation, such as
crystallins and the
melanocortin 1 receptor.
[257] Similarly, comparing the genome of the
Antarctic icefish, which lacks
red blood cells, to close relatives such as the
zebrafish revealed genes needed to make these blood cells.
[258]
.^ Evolution is a science - but many people use evolution as science, do science, and also believe in God, Christian or otherwise.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Many, if not most, of the established Christian churches explicitly support honest science, and evolution, in their doctrines.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If evolution were a principle science, instead of a theory, it would provide the consistent application of law throughout the entire process.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Theory of Evolution, as first formed by Darwin, and in its magnificent elucidation since then, does not require one to know anything of biogenesis - in essence, it STARTS with reproducing life forms.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Do tell what evolutionary biologist uses the terms "horizontal evolution and vertical evolution" in the way you suggest here?- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "With the enormous, massive, inexplicable gaps in the fossil record, who here can absolutely defend evolution?"- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[259] .^ The brain is just your thinking engine, and it was built by evolution based on what made your ancestors more likely to survive and reproduce-- using, of course, what pre-existing raw materials it had to work with.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[260] Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of
John Holland.
[261] As academic interest grew, dramatic increases in the power of computers allowed practical applications, including the automatic evolution of computer programs.
[262] .^ Ron Paul believes in an intelligent design Creator - GOD. It makes much more sense to me and is much more logical than believing in evolutionary random chance as an explanation of our existance.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ That it is now understood to mean more than simply Darwin's theory is the fault of all the militant naturalists.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Of course, he (and they) have been more than happy to use gubmint power against those they hate, including gays, immigrants, and women.- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
[263]
See also
References
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- ^ a b c Cavalier-Smith T (2006). "Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361 (1470): 969–1006. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1842. PMID 16754610.
- ^ a b Lande R, Arnold SJ (1983). "The measurement of selection on correlated characters". Evolution 37 (6): 1210–26. doi:10.2307/2408842.
- ^ Ayala FJ (2007). "Darwin's greatest discovery: design without designer". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (Suppl 1): 8567–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701072104. PMID 17494753. PMC 1876431. http://www.pnas.org/content/104/suppl.1/8567.full.
- ^ Ian C. Johnston (1999). "History of Science: Early Modern Geology". Malaspina University-College. http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/darwin/sect2.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
- ^ a b Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution:The History of an Idea. University of California Press. ISBN 0-52023693-9.
- ^ a b Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species (1st ed.). London: John Murray. p. 1. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=16. . Related earlier ideas were acknowledged in Darwin, Charles (1861). On the Origin of Species (3rd ed.). London: John Murray. xiii. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F381&viewtype=text&pageseq=20.
- ^ AAAS Council (December 26, 1922). "AAAS Resolution: Present Scientific Status of the Theory of Evolution". American Association for the Advancement of Science. http://archives.aaas.org/docs/resolutions.php?doc_id=450.
- ^ a b "IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution" (PDF). The Interacademy Panel on International Issues. 2006. http://www.interacademies.net/Object.File/Master/6/150/Evolution%20statement.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-25. Joint statement issued by the national science academies of 67 countries, including the United Kingdom's Royal Society
- ^ a b Board of Directors, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2006-02-16). "Statement on the Teaching of Evolution" (PDF). American Association for the Advancement of Science. http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/pdf/0219boardstatement.pdf. from the world's largest general scientific society
- ^ "Statements from Scientific and Scholarly Organizations". National Center for Science Education. http://ncse.com/media/voices/science.
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- ^ Zirkle C (1941). "Natural Selection before the "Origin of Species"". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 84 (1): 71–123.
- ^ Muhammad Hamidullah and Afzal Iqbal (1993), The Emergence of Islam: Lectures on the Development of Islamic World-view, Intellectual Tradition and Polity, p. 143-144. Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad.
- ^ "A Source Book In Chinese Philosophy", Chan, Wing-Tsit, p. 204, 1962.
- ^ Terrall, M (2002). The Man Who Flattened the Earth: Maupertuis and the Sciences in the Enlightenment. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226793610.
- ^ Wallace, A (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties, and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3: 53–62. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F350&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
- ^ Darwin, Charles (1872). "Effects of the increased Use and Disuse of Parts, as controlled by Natural Selection". The Origin of Species. 6th edition, p. 108. John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F391&pageseq=136. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
- ^ Leakey, Richard E.; Darwin, Charles (1979). The illustrated origin of species. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-14586-8. p. 17-18
- ^ Ghiselin, Michael T. (September/October 1994). "Nonsense in schoolbooks: 'The Imaginary Lamarck'". The Textbook Letter. The Textbook League. http://www.textbookleague.org/54marck.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
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- ^ Quammen, D. (2006). The reluctant Mr. Darwin: An intimate portrait of Charles Darwin and the making of his theory of evolution. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
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- ^ Spergel, D. N.; Verde, L.; Peiris, H. V.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Bennett, C. L.; Halpern, M.; Hinshaw, G. et al. (2003). "First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 148: 175–94. doi:10.1086/377226.
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Further reading
- Introductory reading
- Carroll, S. (2005). Endless Forms Most Beautiful. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-06016-0.
- Charlesworth, C.B. and Charlesworth, D. (2003). Evolution. Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-192-80251-8.
- Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199291152.
- Gould, S.J. (1989). Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-30700-X.
- Jones, S. (2001). .^ Go ahead and read "The Origin of Species" if you like.
- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
(American title: Darwin's Ghost). New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-42277-5.
- Mader, Sylvia S. (2007). Biology. Murray P. Pendarvis (9th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 9780073258393.
- Maynard Smith, J. (1993). The Theory of Evolution: Canto Edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45128-0.
- Pallen, M.J. (2009). The Rough Guide to Evolution. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-946-5.
- Smith, C.B. and Sullivan, C. (2007). The Top 10 Myths about Evolution. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-479-8.
- History of evolutionary thought
- Advanced reading
- Barton, N.H., Briggs, D.E.G., Eisen, J.A., Goldstein, D.B. and Patel, N.H. (2007). Evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 0-879-69684-2.
- Coyne, J.A. and Orr, H.A. (2004). Speciation. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-878-93089-2.
- Futuyma, D.J. (2005). Evolution. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-878-93187-2.
- Gould, S.J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press (Harvard University Press). ISBN 0-674-00613-5.
- Maynard Smith, J. and Szathmáry, E. (1997). The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-198-50294-X.
- Mayr, E. (2001). What Evolution Is. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-04426-3.
- Olson, Wendy; Hall, Brian Keith (2003). .^ There's a debate in the philosophy of biology about whether anything in evolutionary theory can be described as law-like, but evolution itself isn't the sort of concept that can be described as a law.
- Ron Paul Rejects Evolution : Dispatches from the Culture Wars 3 February 2010 18:22 UTC scienceblogs.com [Source type: Original source]
Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02240-8.
External links
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