| Bone: Tibia | |
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| Plan of ossification of the tibia. From three centers. | |
| Gray's | subject #61 256 |
| MeSH | Tibia |
The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is named for the greek aulos flute, also known as a tibia. It is commonly recognised as the strongest wieght bearing bone in the body.
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The tibia is found medial anterior to the fibula. It is the second largest bone in the human body, the largest being the femur. The tibia articulates with the femur superiorly, the fibula laterally and with the talus inferiorly.
In the male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite side. In the female, it has a slightly oblique direction downward and laterally, to compensate for the greater obliqueness of the femur.
It is prismoid in form, expanded above, where it enters into the knee-joint, contracted in the lower third, and again enlarged but to a lesser extent below.
The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. The tibia is connected to the fibula by an interosseous membrane, forming a type of joint called a syndesmoses. The forward flat part of the tibia is called the fibia, often confused with the fibula.
The tibia derives its arterial blood supply from two sources:[1]
The tibia has been modeled as taking an axial force during walking that is up to 4.7 bodyweight. Its bending moment in the sagittal plane in the late stance phase is up to 71.6 bodyweight times millimetre.[2]
The structure of the tibia in most other tetrapods is essentially similar to that in humans. The tuberosity of the tibia, a crest to which the patellar ligament attaches in mammals, is instead the insertion point for the tendon of the quadriceps muscle in reptiles, birds, and amphibians, which have no patella.[3]
 Lower extremity |
 Knee diagram |
 Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface. |
 Bones of the right leg. Posterior surface. |
 Right knee-joint. Posterior view. |
 Right knee-joint, from the front, showing interior ligaments. |
 Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments. |
 Sagittal section of right knee-joint. |
 Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect. |
 Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Posterior aspect. |
 Capsule of left articulation (distended). Lateral aspect. |
 Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints. |
 Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities. |
 Cross-section through middle of leg. |
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.
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Main Page
Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Orthogastropoda
Superordo: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Sorbeoconcha
Subordo: Hypsogastropoda
Infraordo: Littorinimorpha
Superfamilia: Stromboidea
Familia: Strombidae
Subfamilia: Rostellariinae
Genus: Tibia
Species: T. curta -
T. fusus - T. insulaechorab -
T. melanocheilus
Tibia (Röding, 1798)
Murex fusus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Tibia | Table of Contents |
Walkthrough
| Tibia | |
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| Developer(s) | CipSoft GmbH |
| Publisher(s) | CipSoft GmbH |
| Designer(s) | Piotrek Internationekczy |
| Release date(s) | |
| Genre(s) | MMORPG |
| System(s) | Windows, formerly also Linux |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |
| System requirements (help) | 18 MB hard disk space, DirectX 5, Internet access. |
Tibia is one of the oldest PC MMORPGS. Shortcomings are offset by the resulting small download size and modest system requirements.
Tibia's success can also be attributed to the fact that a large portion of the game, which can be downloaded from an official website, is still playable free of charge. This is in contrast to larger, more recent MMORPGs, which must be bought at a store and only provide short trial periods.
For a monthly fee, players can upgrade to a "premium account", unlocking some additional areas and game features such as spells and outfits. These players also have priority login rights on the often congested game servers. Currently, those servers are located in the United States and Germany.
Although servers are located only in Germany and the United States, players arrive from all over the world, with significant groups from the US, Sweden, Mexico, Brazil and The Netherlands.
Players mostly spend their online time training their characters' skill levels, hunting a large population of monsters with numerous weapons and magical spells, and scouring the vast continent for treasures and fortune. They interact with other players for conversation, to trade various objects, or to form parties to take on even stronger foes. Guilds are also important for many players and provide a way in which to co-operate as a team. Examples of heavily developed guilds such as The Pirates of Tibia, a recreation of the pirates in the golden days of piracy in real life, based on old code of conduct articles in a mix with the regular guild structure style makes them an impressing long runner known as almost unbeatable in their gameworld. There are many other known roleplaying guilds in Tibia, such as the oldest one; The Mercenaries, an organized and relatively calm guild, yet deadly if someone pays them well.
On most of the game's servers, players are also allowed to attack and kill each other, although there is a system in place to keep hostile actions under control. Some servers do not allow such player versus player combat at all, while others encourage it by rewarding experience for kills.
Before game updates, test servers are run to find and repair bugs and glitches within the update. These servers are first available for testing to players that hold official positions such as tutors, senior tutors and gamemasters. The test server is then usually opened to the general Tibian public. Because no permanent change to a player's character occurs on the test server, it is also an opportunity for players to explore, attack and fight in wars, without their main character on a normal server being affected.
After learning the basics of the game on an introductory island reserved for new players called Rookgaard, players may choose one of four classical roleplaying vocations: The Knight, excelling in close combat, the Paladin, mainly a distance fighter, the Druid a spellcaster specializing in defensive (primarily healing) spells, or the Sorcerer, a more aggressive spellcaster specializing in offensive (primarily attack) spells. The main difference between the classes is the rate at which a character's skill levels increase. For example, a Knight will improve his sword fighting skill faster than any other character class.
Monsters players encounter in the game range from non-aggressive dogs and deer, to easy-to-kill rats, dangerous orcs, fierce dragons, demons and also the aggressive boss monsters such as Orshabaal.
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The Tibian support is based on a hierarchy of ranks, starting from lowest to highest: Tutor, Senior Tutor, The now defunct Counsellor, Gamemaster, and finally Customer Support
Tutors can take a simple test on their account page, and after 3 months of tutorship tutors become senior tutor. Senior tutors have the additional responsibilities of monitoring the public forums, and reporting illegal threads. Eg,Swearing,posting hack site links etc. Also, Senior Tutors report any remarks made by players which are against the game rules. Senior Tutors replaced the former rank of Counsellor, ask CIP has faith in people with no actual experience in answering rule violations and they were most recently moved up to the rank of Gamemaster. Many players disagree with this method, but much to their dismay, the CIPsoft had no comment on the matter.
Support itself is lacking at best, as cheating is at an extreme level, and with the current update it has grown to epidemic proportions. Account Sharing, Multi-Clienting and a plethora of other violations plague the game, but CIPsoft takes the time to use a ban on players who accidentally use a cuss word or use the game-chat to talk about Real life, as the RL-Chat itself is hardly ever used. Bans are commonly handed out to players who have done nothing wrong, while leaving the real account sharing players on the USA worlds unnoticed.
Customer Support should only be a last resort for players seeking assistance as the members send out email assistance which is generated by a bot and is almost all of the time the same letterhead that tells the same information to every player, regardless of the reason of banishment. It also should be noted that when a player receives a ban in game, whether it be justified or not, a removal of the banishment is against CIP code and is never acceptable.
Tibia has been noted to include several References to J. R. R. Tolkien's three-part novel The Lord of the Rings and its legendarium, suggesting that Tibia's creators were heavily influenced by these works:
Other references can be found throughout the game:
Note: The following practices are likely in violation of the program's license or Terms of Service.
It is possible to edit the graphics of the game by modifying certain files, a technique that can be used to create interface skins or change the actual game sprites. These modified files are then exchanged on web sites and internet forums (such as [2]). Some such modifications may give players unfair advantages, for example when trees and other large objects are made invisible so that items hidden behind them can be easily detected. This is considered as cheating.
Other modifications include AFK tools and aimbots. These are also considered cheating and looked down upon by the official community but the usage of these tools is rampant. The first popular cheating application for Tibia was Tibia GG, followed by TibiaSuite. Tibiasuite did not become very popular, but TibiaSuite2 became one of the most used cheats on Tibia. Unfortunately for users, TibiaSuite2 had a back door that sent a persons account details to the creator of the program. Later other cheats took its place such as TibiaBot NG and BlackdProxy. Currently, there are several cheats available, but many require an additional payment after a short trial. However, many people have found a crack which can be used to tackle the 'trial' problem so that they can use the program forever.
Cheats are very popular in Tibia. In fact, the number of cheaters were so high that the game creators started to include cheats in the official client since the version 7.8 . The official cheats are actually: aimbot, lighthack and autohealer.
Misc:
The Dark Age is a game that has evolved from Tibia.
multiplayer online roleplaying game (English and Deutsch)
| Portal: MMOs |  |
Tibia at Tibia Game RPG |
|---|
| Tibia | |
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| Developer(s) | Cipsoft GmbH |
| Publisher(s) | Cipsoft GmbH |
| Designer(s) | Stephan Börzsönyi, Guido Lübke, Ulrich Schlott and Stephan Vogler |
| Release date | 1996 |
| Genre | MMORPG |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |
| Age rating(s) | ESRB: RP |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Linux |
| Input | Keyboard, mouse |
| System requirements | 35 MB free space on your hard disk, DirectX 5, Internet access |
| Credits | Soundtrack | Codes | Walkthrough | |
Contents |
One of the oldest and most successfull still running rpg's in Europe, Tibia has been running for over 10 years and has been frequently updated ever since its beginning. Updates happen seasonally, Summer and Winter being content updates, Spring and fall being technical updates.
In tibia you can play as one of four vocations: A Druid, Sorcerer, Knight or Paladin . The main challenge in tibia is to develop the skills of your character by killing a variety of creatures, exploring the vast amount of areas or simply socializing with Tibia's diverse community. Tibia Run's on two dimentional Graphics which makes it ideal for those who are not running the most up-to-date software or using the best and newest hardware. Although the graphics are not as visually exciting as some other famous mmorpg's this game can be richer than other games in terms of its community, sense of adventure and teamwork.
 Join a Guild and gather in you guildhall! |
 Deffend your guilds honnor by engaging in PVP combat! |
 You'll never forget you're first Dragon! |
 Be carefull while exploring; you never know what lies around the next corner! |
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   | Tibial fractures - AO Surgery Reference |
| | Tibia - Tibia - Free Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game - MMORPG |
| | '''Encyclopedia of Organ Stops'''. - Encyclopedia of Organ Stops |
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