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"Topless" redirects here. For the Miles Tredinnick play, see Topless (stage play).
See also: Topfreedom
Two Tahitian Women, (1899), by Paul Gauguin
.This article deals with topless females.^ According to the following article by Kate Folmar of the Mercury News , Liana Johnsson claims that the current prohibition against female topless sunbathing is sexual discrimination.

 For males, see barechestedness.
.Toplessness is the state in which a female has her breasts uncovered, with her areolae and nipples visible, usually in a public space.^ Toplessness is the state in which a DJ has her breasts uncovered, with her areolae and nipples visible.
  • Clubs | Topless DJ 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC topless-dj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Texas state law does not criminalize female breasts uncovered in public.
  • What they say about topfreedom for women 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tera.ca [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Nudism, Naturism, Public Breast-feeding, Toplessness - A collection of articles and essays on body freedom, some good links as well.
  • Camping Bares links 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.campingbares.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .The adjective topless may refer to a woman who appears in public, poses, or performs with her breasts exposed (a "topless model"); to an activity or performance that involves exposing the breasts ("topless sunbathing"; "topless dancing"); to an artistic, photographic, or filmic representation of a woman with her breasts uncovered (a "topless photograph"); to a place where female toplessness is tolerated or expected (a "topless beach"; a "topless bar"); or to a garment designed to reveal the breasts and the nipples (a "topless swimsuit").^ Toplessness is the state in which a DJ has her breasts uncovered, with her areolae and nipples visible.
  • Clubs | Topless DJ 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC topless-dj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ A woman could be arrested for breast feeding in a public place.

 ^ Also, in human females, the nipples may become turgid and the breasts may swell.
  • Dating - Attract Women or Attract the right Guy And Seduce,Dating Seduction 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dating-forlove.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Contents

In Society

Two Wichita Native Americans in summer dress. Photographed by William S. Soule, 1870.
.In many societies today, concealment of the lower portion of the breasts, including the nipples and areolae, is a cultural norm of female modesty from adolescence onward.^ Toplessness is the state in which a DJ has her breasts uncovered, with her areolae and nipples visible.
  • Clubs | Topless DJ 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC topless-dj.com [Source type: General]

 ^ We're also looking for the natural look, not the plastered, moulded image of the ideal female many artists and advertisers use today.
  • SAWFLOB Submission Guidelines -- Help us! 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.ninechime.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ These scientists, both male and female, used their mastery of genetic engineering to create humans in their own image (breasts included!

 .However, considerable variance has existed in attitudes toward toplessness, both across cultures and through history.^ Through discussion and the exchange of ideas, we believe that we can help change American society attitude that discriminates against women being able to be topless in public the same as men.
  • Free USA Boobies - What You Can DO! 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.freeusaboobies.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Research on attitudes toward female toplessness indicates that Canadians are most accepting of female toplessness on the beach and least accepting of it on the street.

 ^ It evaluated the predictive value of several demographic variables (gender, age, education, religiosity, marital status, and region of Canada) in explaining attitudes toward topless behaviour.
  • Canadian attitudes toward female topless behaviour: a national survey. | Goliath Business News 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC goliath.ecnext.com [Source type: Academic]
  • CJHS Abstracts: Vol 14(3/4) 2005 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.sieccan.org [Source type: Academic]
.Traditional cultures of North America, Africa, Australia and the Pacific Islands considered female toplessness normal and acceptable, at least until the arrival of Christian missionaries,[1] and it continues to be the norm in many indigenous cultures today.^ In many sub-countries of Africa, it is acceptable for women to go topless.
  • Should Women Be Allowed To Go Topless - Page 2 - Meez Forums 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC forums.meez.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Is female topless sunbathing acceptable?
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]
.Toplessness was also the norm in various Asian cultures before Muslim expansion in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.^ Home » National » Article Topless ban to protect Muslims and Asians: Nile .
  • Topless ban to protect Muslims and Asians: Nile - National - smh.com.au 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.smh.com.au [Source type: News]

 ^ Cultural norms, significance and practices vary greatly from culture to culture, and therefore the consequences of an action in one culture may be entirely different in another culture.
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Topless ban to protect Muslims and Asians: Nile - National - smh.com.au Welcome to The Sydney Morning Herald.
  • Topless ban to protect Muslims and Asians: Nile - National - smh.com.au 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.smh.com.au [Source type: News]

 [2] .In most Middle Eastern countries, toplessness has not been socially accepted since at least the early beginning of Islam (7th century), because of Islamic standards for female modesty.^ You’ll see nudity at most any beach along the Mediterranean–or at least toplessness, where the lifestyle is not only accepted, but downright mainstream.
  • “Clothing Optional” in Key West? « Tropical Inn Blog 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tropicalinn.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Women have been going topless at Rio's beaches since the 1970s, and although the practice is not as widespread as in Europe or even Miami's South Beach, it has been accepted for decades.
  • Kevin G. Hall, Beachwear crackdown bares paradox in Brazilian culture 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.hartford-hwp.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Research on attitudes toward female toplessness indicates that Canadians are most accepting of female toplessness on the beach and least accepting of it on the street.

 .However, toplessness was the norm in earlier cultures within Arabia, Egypt, Assyria and Mesopotamia.^ Originally posted by TreeGo Would you extend this incredulous reaction of what you call an "American" response to toplessness for women to what the reaction would be in Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, etc.?
  • Americans and nudity - Debates & Discussions - Opera Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC my.opera.com [Source type: General]

 ^ RESEARCH ON FEMALE TOPLESS BEHAVIOUR Cultural norms regarding body exposure vary widely.
  • Canadian attitudes toward female topless behaviour: a national survey. | Goliath Business News 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC goliath.ecnext.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Would you extend this incredulous reaction of what you call an "American" response to toplessness for women to what the reaction would be in Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, etc.?
  • Americans and nudity - Debates & Discussions - Opera Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC my.opera.com [Source type: General]

 .Tunisia is an exception among Arabic states, allowing foreign tourists to swim topless on private beaches.^ The state has several beaches where topless or nude sunbathing are informally allowed.

 ^ In India and Thailand topless is only allowed on beaches in tourist ghettoes.

 ^ Renaissance island has a beach where toplessness is allowed.
  • Topless/Nude Sunbathing - Aruba Forum - TripAdvisor 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tripadvisor.com [Source type: General]

 [3]

Cultural and legal attitudes in the West

History

Agnès Sorel, known to appear topless in the French court, was the model for Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels, by Jean Fouquet (c.1450)
.In many European societies between the Renaissance and the nineteenth century, exposed breasts were more acceptable than it is today, since a woman's bared legs, ankles, or shoulders were considered to be more risqué than her exposed breasts.^ No one since the ancient Greeks, who piously depicted the goddess Victory with a breast bared.
  • Exposure. : The New Yorker 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.newyorker.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Thus, while someone exposing 'private parts' is often called 'naked' regardless of garments on other body parts, hence the terms half-naked and, a fortiori, near-naked refer to a body that is not completely exposed, but showing more than is customary or considered quite acceptable, at least in a given context.

 ^ As companies are competing in today’s global market, it is more important than ever to be able to communicate in a foreign language and understand other cultures.
  • Ann Halpin's Blog - November 2007 Entries 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.abroadco.com [Source type: General]

 [4]
.Because aristocratic and upper-class women could maintain youthful-looking bosoms by employing wet nurses to breastfeed their children,[5] the exposed breast could even be a status symbol, and was often displayed as a sign of beauty, wealth, or social position.^ If your breasts are exposed they can be looked at,too.
  • Toplessness in Columbus, Ohio - Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC community.feministing.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Although the movie's overall message -- that you should always be careful (not " even on vacation" but " especially on vacation") -- could be seen as positive, it's couched in gore and sadistic violence.

 ^ Which is funny, because if you raise the children in an environment where breasts are casually seen, the children simply don't care.
  • Topfreedom: The Fundamental Right of Women 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 .The bared breast was even seen to invoke associations with the nude sculptures of classical Greece that were exerting a huge influence on art, sculpture, and architecture of the period.^ A Penthouse magazine model appeared at a city council meeting and bared her breasts in order to advocate nude sun-bathing on a public beach.
  • G21 - CULTURE CAST "LIVE! NUDE!" 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.g21.net [Source type: General]

 ^ DAYTONA BEACH -- Elizabeth Book stood near four bare-breasted Grecian muse sculptures on Peabody Auditorium's wall.
  • Bare-Breasted Activist Arrested - (wants to "decriminalize" bare-breastedness!) 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.freerepublic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ If before Doda was dancing in a see-through fishnet and g-string; now her breasts are fully bared even though she is still wearing a maillot swimsuit ( CD6470 ).

 [6]
.Breast-baring female fashions have been traced to fifteenth-century courtesan Agnès Sorel, mistress to Charles VII of France, whose gowns in the French court sometimes exposed one or both of her breasts.^ No one since the ancient Greeks, who piously depicted the goddess Victory with a breast bared.
  • Exposure. : The New Yorker 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.newyorker.com [Source type: General]

 ^ "French academic Dr. Guy Fournier said while female beach goers in France have traditionally bared their breasts without a second thought, the trend has declined due in part to the declining economy, The (Britain) Daily Mail said Friday.
  • Recession Blamed for Decline in French Toplessness - St. Tropez - Gawker 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC gawker.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The term mistress may refer in a somewhat old-fashioned way to a female lover of an already married or unmarried man.
  • Dating - Attract Women or Attract the right Guy And Seduce,Dating Seduction 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dating-forlove.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 (Jean Fouquet's portrayal of the Virgin Mary with her left breast uncovered is believed to have taken Sorel as a model.) .During the sixteenth century, women's fashions displaying their breasts were common in society, from Queens to common prostitutes, and emulated by all classes.^ "'During an economic downturn, women are less inclined to let it all hang out and more likely to cover up.'
  • Recession Blamed for Decline in French Toplessness - St. Tropez - Gawker 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC gawker.com [Source type: General]

 ^ RoundEye 07-22-01, 04:19 AM Why do many women want to let their breasts out of the prison our society has put them in?
  • We must all come together NOW, to support a great cause!! [Archive] - SpeedGuide.net Broadband Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC forums.speedguide.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the United States, the second most common cause of cancer death in women (after lung cancer), and the main cause of death in women ages 45 to 55.
  • Axillary Lymph Nodes - Kosmix : Reference, Videos, Images, News, Shopping and more... 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.kosmix.com [Source type: Academic]

 [7]
.Similar fashions became popular in England during the seventeenth century when they were worn by Queen Mary II and by Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I of England, for whom architect Inigo Jones designed a masque costume that fully revealed both of her breasts.^ The high leg line one-piece swimsuit debute in the early 1980s during the retro 1980s era with the popularity of retro hi-leg leotards worn by women during aerobics.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Fashion designers Mary Quant in England and Andre Courrages in France introduce the miniskirt, with the legline seated 3 inches above the knee.

 ^ Only in the 1800s do baths became an industry again in England, but they are a far cry from Gerome's topless beauties (JG188610).
  • Bikini Science--Topless (No Top) 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.bikiniscience.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [6]
.From the Victorian period onward, however, social attitudes shifted to mandate the concealment of women's breasts.^ Alexandra Dobrowolsky does so by closely following a process-women's activism around social change over an extended historical period.
  • Canadian Journal of Women and the Law/Revue Femmes et Droit 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.utpjournals.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ British Columbia) reflect an important shift in perspective on women's bodies in general and female breasts in particular.
  • Canadian Journal of Women and the Law/Revue Femmes et Droit 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.utpjournals.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The Sigiriya frescoes illustrate the initial absence of social taboo relating to upper class women exhibiting their breasts.
  • The Garb of Innocence: A Time of Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC livingheritage.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Although a degree of liberalization took place in the later twentieth century, contemporary Western societies still generally take a somewhat unfavorable view of toplessness, with the very term "topless" often carrying the connotation of sexual licentiousness or deliberate defiance of cultural taboo.^ Toplessness and breasts do not have sexual connotations in all cultures.
  • Double Exposure - The DoG Street Journal 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.dogstreetjournal.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The later show is still topless.
  • LAS VEGAS REVIEW-JOURNAL: LIVING: THE STRIP: the naked truth 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.reviewjournal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Toplessness is still considered taboo on the city's beaches, although many people came out to greet Pope John Paul II in bikinis and thongs some years back.
  • OnlineAthens.com | News | At Brazil's carnival, naked bodies aren't always sexual 02/18/07 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC onlineathens.com [Source type: News]

Contemporary view

See also: Dress code
.In contemporary society, the extent to which a woman may expose her breasts depends on social and cultural context.^ While culture certainly influences the perception of breasts as sexual, other research has examined whether context may play a role in the definition of female toplessness as sexual within a particular culture.
  • Canadian attitudes toward female topless behaviour: a national survey. | Goliath Business News 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC goliath.ecnext.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Mens breasts may not have the cultural significance of womens but they do have them.
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ A woman's decision to go topless depends on a wide range of factors including the locale, the time of day, social status, and the audience.
  • Bikini Science--Topless (No Top) 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.bikiniscience.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Women's swimsuits and bikinis commonly reveal the tops and sides of the breasts.^ (Short shorts, bikinis, bra-type tops and toplessness in both men and women are undesirable in public places; nude and topless swimming and/or sunbathing are not permitted.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Whilst still covering a womens breast and bottoms, a hi-leg swimsuit emphasis a womens hips and legs leaving much to a persons imagination.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The coin has two sides just as most women have two breasts and men have two breasts.
  • Bare-Breasted Activist Arrested - (wants to "decriminalize" bare-breastedness!) 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.freerepublic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Displaying cleavage is considered permissible in many settings, and is even a sign of elegance and sophistication on many formal social occasions, but it may be prohibited by dress codes in settings such as workplaces and schools, where sexualized displays of the female breast may be considered inappropriate.^ Just as a warning, there is the occasional panty-flash, and there is a tiny bit of female toplessness in the show, but every incident is so innocent, it's hard to consider it the slightest bit "adult."
  • Animefringe: Reviews - All Purpose Cultural Cat Girl Nuku Nuku 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.animefringe.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They may be formal long-term relationships recognized by law and formalized through public ceremony , such as marriage or civil union .
  • Dating - Attract Women or Attract the right Guy And Seduce,Dating Seduction 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dating-forlove.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ For example I'll sunbathe topless on a beach or round a pool in order to avoid straplines and cup marks which may spoil an evening dress with plunging neckline.
  • Should you go topless – or not? | Life and style | The Guardian 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]

 .Showing the nipples or areolae is almost always considered partial nudity and sex appealing.^ If you served yourself, or had the opportunity to tell the serving person to stop serving you (so, almost always except in a restaurant), it is considered rude to not finish your plate.
  • Customs & Traditions from Around the World - Dawson City River Hostel 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.yukonhostels.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The potentially controversial issue in this article is neither sex nor violence it is partial nudity.
  • BBC - The Editors: Acceptable nudity? 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.bbc.co.uk [Source type: General]

 ^ See you guys are always linking nudity and being sexually open with having sex and being promiscuous.
  • The Bikini: Brazil's Body Revolution 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.carnaval.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Women and girls may consider toplessness acceptable in gender segregated areas such as changing rooms and dormitories, and toplessness may be permitted in specific mixed-gender zones such as topless beaches (see below), but full breast exposure outside of these contexts is mostly confined to occasional acts of exhibitionism or protest.^ Topless girls and croatian beaches » .
  • Visit Croatia - Topless girls and croatian beaches 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC visitcroatia.proboards.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Do you see any topless women?
  • Frecklefoot's Blog - Utopia: Laws 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.frecklefoot.net [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Walking topless along the beach is not permitted.
.During a short period in 1964, "topless" dress designs appeared at fashion shows, but those who wore the dresses in public found themselves on indecency charges.^ With a few exceptions, one place where bikini tops remains firmly in place is the U.S. Avant garde fashion designer Rudi Gernreich made waves in 1964 when he created the topless bathing suit, which was modeled by his wife Peggy Moffett.
  • CDNN :: Topside Attractions: Dive In to the World's Top Topless Beaches 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.cdnn.info [Source type: News]
  • Top topless beaches 2005 - Forbes.com- msnbc.com 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.msnbc.msn.com [Source type: News]

 ^ (Short shorts, bikinis, bra-type tops and toplessness in both men and women are undesirable in public places; nude and topless swimming and/or sunbathing are not permitted.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Denise often joined me on the patio for short periods, but she found the insects to be a problem.
  • NetNude - Couples, Jamaica 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.netnude.com [Source type: Original source]

 [8] .However, toplessness has come to feature in contemporary haute couture fashion shows.^ There were more lingerie shows scheduled than a feminist could shake a fist at, however, the lack of toplessness didn't result in a lack of sexiness.
  • Modesty ablaze in seamless week of frocks and frolics - Fashion - theage.com.au 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.theage.com.au [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Some cultures have even begun to apply the social interdiction on female toplessness to prepubescent and even infant girls, who may be dressed by their parents in bikinis or one-piece swimsuits on beaches and at water parks.^ Suspender One-piece swimsuit (Suspender Maillot) .
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One-piece swimsuit Rolldown (Maillot Rolldown) .
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One-piece swimsuit Tanga (Maillot Tanga) .
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .This trend toward covering the female nipple from infancy onward is particularly noticeable in the United States and the Middle-East, but is much less common in Europe[9] and Latin America.^ This practice is not as common in the United States.
  • Customs & Traditions from Around the World - Dawson City River Hostel 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.yukonhostels.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Yap is on the other side of the international date line from the United States, and on the same time zone as Guam, where "America’s Day Begins."
  • Yap - Micronesia : Travel Guide | Micronesia Community | Blog with Sruvivor update . . . 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.micronesia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Africa travel forum Asia travel forum Caribbean travel forum Central America travel forum Europe travel forum Middle East travel forum North America travel forum Oceania travel forum South America travel forum Safe Travel Forum latest posts .
  • Sweden travel tips, flights | Sweden hotels, youth hostels, nightlife | Sweden tourist attractions, culture, souvenirs 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.traveltips24.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Legality

An anti-war demonstration in Washington, 24 September 2005
See also: topfreedom
.Legally, many Western jurisdictions consider the public display of women's breasts to be indecent exposure, because the exposed nipples are sex appealing and are indecent.^ Public displays of women are frowned upon.
  • Customs & Traditions from Around the World - Dawson City River Hostel 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.yukonhostels.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Traders' Ridge Resort and Dive Center - Island of Yap, Micronesia - yap hotels, yap diving, yap accomodations 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tradersridge.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nudity and sexuality Exhibitionism Indecent exposure Mooning Voyeurism Erotic art Sex-positive .
  • Dating - Attract Women or Attract the right Guy And Seduce,Dating Seduction 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dating-forlove.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .However, the activist topfreedom movement has been successful in some instances in persuading courts to overturn such laws on the basis of sex discrimination, arguing that a woman should be free to expose her chest in any context in which a man can expose his.^ I know that in some places (NYC; Vancouver BC, Ontario, other places in Canada) women have successfully argued that they should be allowed to take their tops off on hot days if they want to, on the basis that it's legal for men.
  • Halfbakery: legalized voluntary topless bartendressing 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.halfbakery.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ A transsexual male who, through surgery and hormone treatment, has the outward physical appearance of a woman is free to expose her breasts just as a biological male.
  • SSRN-A (Trans)Gender-Inclusive Equal Protection Analysis of Public Female Toplessness by Luke Boso 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC ssrn.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ An appeal court there simply overturned a law as it applied to banning women's uncovered breasts.
  • What they say about topfreedom for women 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tera.ca [Source type: Original source]

 .Successful cases include the District of Columbia 1986, New York State 1992, Columbus, OH 1995, Ontario Canada 1996, Moscow Idaho 1998, and Maine 1998.[10] Campaigns promoting the health benefits of breast milk have also convinced many jurisdictions to make exceptions to the law for public breastfeeding.^ Lavender Law 2003 - New York .
  • LGBTBAR | Michael Greenberg Student Writing Competition 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC lgbtbar.org [Source type: Original source]

 ^ New York Journals skip to main .

 ^ U.S. cities, including Washington, Los Angeles, Miami and New York, adding that the New York City rally will be important even though it has been legal for women to go topless in public in New York since 1992.
  • Code Pink Women Charges Dropped/ National Gotopless.org Protest 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC newsblaze.com [Source type: News]

 [11] In the United States, for instance, a federal law enacted in 1999[12] specifically provides that "a woman may breastfeed her child at any location in a Federal building or on Federal property, if the woman and her child are otherwise authorized to be present at the location."
.Since many indigenous, non-Western cultures consider it culturally normal for both men and women to go without clothing on their torsos, and since female toplessness can also constitute an important aspect of indigenous cultural celebrations, cross-cultural and legal conflict has taken place on the issue.^ But we all believe it's wrong that men can go topless and women can't.
  • Video snapshot: "Topless rights" protest hosted by Raëlian UFO clone sex cult - Boing Boing 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.boingboing.net [Source type: General]

 ^ Men can go shirtless but women cannot?
  • 2,000 Breast Protest Planned for Daytona's Bike Week 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.shortnews.com [Source type: General]

 ^ If men are allowed to go topless, women should also have that right.
  • Video snapshot: "Topless rights" protest hosted by Raëlian UFO clone sex cult - Boing Boing 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.boingboing.net [Source type: General]

 .Such an instance occurred when Australian police banned members of the Papunya community in 2004 from using a public park in the city of Alice Springs to practice a traditional Aboriginal dance that featured topless women.^ Topless women march in Central Park f...

 ^ There are two sex scenes with anonymous women, both of which feature toplessness, but no lower bodies.
  • Angel's Dance 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.scoopy.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Nudity and toplessness for women are illegal in all public places, including remote beaches.
  • Noonsite: Anguilla 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.noonsite.com [Source type: General]

 [13]
.GoTopless.org, a US organization, claims that women have the same constitutional right to be bare chested in public places as men.^ Going bare chested in public was again acceptable.

 ^ The Raelians want women to have the "same constitutional right" as men to go shirtless.
  • National Go-Topless Day Exposed by W. Bruce Cameron on Creators.com - A Syndicate Of Talent 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.creators.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Further, don't women have a right to bare their tops in the same way as men?
  • What not to bare: backlash over toplessness on Trinny and Susannah show | Mail Online 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.dailymail.co.uk [Source type: General]

 .They further claim constitutional equality between men and women on being topless in public.^ But if there were to be restrictions on toplessness, they should apply equally to men.
  • Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Gotopless.org claims constitutional equality between men and women on being topless in public.

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Traders' Ridge Resort and Dive Center - Island of Yap, Micronesia - yap hotels, yap diving, yap accomodations 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tradersridge.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]

 .In 2009, they used August 26, (Women's Equality Day) as a day of national protest.^ Why a National GoTopless Protest day?

 ^ Women's Equality Day is actually Aug.
  • Hour.ca - V for Vixen 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.hour.ca [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Report this comment #23 posted by alowishus , August 23, 2009 7:53 PM They take all your money?
  • Video snapshot: "Topless rights" protest hosted by Raëlian UFO clone sex cult - Boing Boing 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.boingboing.net [Source type: General]

 [14]

Topless beaches

Main article: Topfreedom
Original design of the monokini by Rudi Gernreich
A topless sunbather in Palm springs, California
.In 1964, fashion designer Rudi Gernreich designed the first topless swimsuit, which he called the "monokini" in the US.[15] The design was first printed by Look magazine.^ A big development came from Rudi Gernreich , when his monokini was introduced in 1964.
  • The Bikini: Brazil's Body Revolution 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.carnaval.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The first foray is a broadside, fired by American fashion designer Rudi Gernreich in 1964.

 ^ Rudi Gernreich introduces the topless maillot.

 [16] .Gernreich's monokini looked like a one-piece swimsuit suspended from two halter straps in the cleavage of bared breasts.^ Overview A suspender one-piece swimsuit is essentially a suspender culotte, that is, a culotte with suspender straps over the shoulders.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Suspender One-piece swimsuit (Suspender Maillot) .
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ One-piece swimsuit Rolldown (Maillot Rolldown) .
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .It had only two small straps over the shoulders, leaving the breasts bare.^ I have lived there for two years, but when I am there, am only in residence for a few months before leaving again.
  • SUNS: Paul Shirley’s Road Ramblings 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.nba.com [Source type: General]

 ^ I remember seeing bare breasted sunbathers as a kid and the only reaction it provoked from me was a bit of a giggle.
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Baxter, who plays a woman who discovers she has breast cancer, bared all in at least two scenes.
  • USATODAY.com - A brief history of the boob tube 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.usatoday.com [Source type: General]

 .Despite the reaction of fashion critics and church officials, shoppers purchased the monokini in record numbers that summer, though very few monokinis were ever worn in public.^ Annals of Anguilla, 1650-1923 by S.B. Jones One of the few publications available recording the island’s early history.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The presenters persuaded a number of women to strip, then described their bodies in highly critical fashion.
  • What not to bare: backlash over toplessness on Trinny and Susannah show | Mail Online 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.dailymail.co.uk [Source type: General]

 ^ Though it's true that in NYC, it's legal for women to be topless in public, few women ever actually take their shirts off.
  • Topless Ladies in NYC | MetaFilter 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.metafilter.com [Source type: General]

 .By the end of the season, Gernreich had sold 3000 swimsuits at $24 a piece, which meant a tidy profit for such a minuscule amount of fabric.^ The pretzel one-piece swimsuit appears at first glance to be a one-piece swimsuit cutout, but a more due to its use of tensioned fabric, and not the result of fabric that has been cut out of the garment.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Many of these extremely hi-leg line swimsuits are very rarely seen in public beaches and are many sold as erotic lingerie style pieces.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ So much style and breaking fashion in such small pieces of fabric.
  • The Bikini: Brazil's Body Revolution 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.carnaval.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [17] .The novelty of the design caught significant attention, and San Francisco Chronicle featured a woman in a monokini with her exposed breasts clearly visible on its first page.^ Subscribe to the San Francisco Chronicle and get a gift: .
  • Playful charm in 'Road Trip' 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.sfgate.com [Source type: General]

 ^ She's been seen in screenshots, her big, purple-gray fully-exposed breasts her most prominent feature.
  • Dante's Inferno Lust Impressions: Breast Bosses And Phallic Walls - Tokyo Game Show - Kotaku 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC kotaku.com [Source type: General]

 ^ It may be that the painters put the human figures on the page first, the tree next (for some of its branches are squeezed in around the woman's head), and the text third.
  • http://mapas.uoregon.edu/imt/imt.lasso?mapaid=iztac§ionid=iztacIV01v&elementid=iztacIV01v00&boxHeight=650.000&Xfactor=0.184&XfactorZoom=1.538 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC mapas.uoregon.edu [Source type: Original source]

 [18] .A photograph of Peggy Moffitt, the famous model for the suit, appeared in Women's Wear Daily, Life and numerous other publications.^ A Penthouse magazine model appeared at a city council meeting and bared her breasts in order to advocate nude sun-bathing on a public beach.
  • G21 - CULTURE CAST "LIVE! NUDE!" 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.g21.net [Source type: General]

 ^ (Note: Lest you be disappointed, be aware that in most of the pictures in both the magazine and the Web site, the models actually are wearing real suits.
  • The Weekly Nudesletter, Vol. 2, No. 3 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.naturistplace.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ However, women appearing topless in public are typically charged under public nuisance laws.
  • Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 [19]
.The topless swimsuit was not very successful in the USA, where people have never accepted it for the beach.^ Never do people comment about her toplessness.
  • LAS VEGAS REVIEW-JOURNAL: LIVING: THE STRIP: the naked truth 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.reviewjournal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Of course it's also a very popular topless beach.

 ^ These are family beaches with lots of kids and very little toplessness, so common on other European beaches.
  • Ten Days Under the Tuscan Sun and in the Shade of Umbria 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.escapeartist.com [Source type: General]

 [20] The Soviet government called it "barbarism" and a sign of social "decay". The pope called it immoral. .The New York City Police Department was strictly instructed to arrest any woman wearing a swimsuit by the commissioner of parks.^ A live performance in New York City.
  • New York Theater - Three Days at the New York International Fringe Festival - page 1 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.villagevoice.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In New York City, removing one's shirt in Central Park was an occasion for a tic ...

 ^ Discovered by a modeling agency at the age of 14, Gisele moved to New York City at 16.

 [18] .In Chicago, a 19-year-old woman was fined US$100 for wearing a topless swimsuit on a public beach.^ There was a topless woman on the beach earlier.
  • Another topless thread - Official Aruba Community Forum 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.aruba.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Nudity and toplessness for women are illegal in all public places, including remote beaches.
  • Noonsite: Anguilla 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.noonsite.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Gernreich's topless maillot might have remained a fashion footnote but instead it is catapulted into national attention when a 19 year-old model, Toni Lee Shelley, wears Gernreich's creation on a Chicago beach in late June and is arrested and charged with indecent exposure ( TL6410 ).

 [18] .Copious coverage of the event helped to send the image of exposed breasts across the world.^ This chain of events began in 1991 when University of Guelph student Gwen Jacobs, walked in downtown Guelph without a top, thus exposing her breasts.
  • Canadian attitudes toward female topless behaviour: a national survey. | Goliath Business News 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC goliath.ecnext.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Both involve a very high legline, narrow vertical coverage of the breast, exposed inguinals, and are frequently tangaed.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Women's clubs and the church were particularly active in their condemnation. .In Italy and Spain, the church warned against the topless fashion.^ I will take your ‘Christian’ arguments against public toplessness much more seriously when I see over all more modest dress in churches and places of employment.

 ^ On beaches and in public pools of Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Austria, former Yugoslavia, Australia, and many more countries of the world, the problem of topless women is not a problem.
  • What they say about topfreedom for women 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tera.ca [Source type: Original source]

 [21] .Even in Saint-Tropez, French Riviera, it was banned.^ Technically speaking, St. Tropez is a little port town on the French Riviera.
  • Top Ten Topless Beaches 2006 from Planck's Constant 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC plancksconstant.org [Source type: General]

 [18] .Jean-Luc Godard, a founding mover of French New Wave cinema, incorporated a topless swimsuit footage shot in Riviera into his film A Married Woman, but it was edited out by the censors.^ Throughout the 1960s, cinephiles eagerly awaited the latest film – or two – by Jean-Luc Godard (born 1930).

 ^ New: Breaking news and daily top stories via email 4260 Subscribers Recession Blamed for Decline in French Toplessness .
  • Recession Blamed for Decline in French Toplessness - St. Tropez - Gawker 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC gawker.com [Source type: General]

 ^ "Being able" to go topless gradually evolved into feeling obliged to do so, and eventually, the prevailing feminist perspective changed from revelling in a new-found freedom to refusing to give in to the endless pressure to flaunt a "perfect" body.
  • BBC NEWS | Europe | Breast practice on the riviera 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC news.bbc.co.uk [Source type: News]

 [22]
.In the mid-1960s, led by movie starlets and models in Cannes and Saint-Tropez, women began to remove their bikini tops while sunbathing on the beaches of the French Riviera.^ These dress restrictions don't apply to women when diving or sunbathing on some private beaches, but bring a wraparound with you for when you get out of the water or leave the beach.
  • Traders' Ridge Resort and Dive Center - Island of Yap, Micronesia - yap hotels, yap diving, yap accomodations 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tradersridge.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]

 ^ (Short shorts, bikinis, bra-type tops and toplessness in both men and women are undesirable in public places; nude and topless swimming and/or sunbathing are not permitted.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Beach Party, staring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello, builds the perfect movie genre built around surf, sand, and bikinis.

 .The practice slowly spread to other Western countries, many of which now allow topless sunbathing on some or all of their beaches, either through legal statute or by custom.^ The state has several beaches where topless or nude sunbathing are informally allowed.

 ^ All the beaches on the French-owned island of St. Barts allow topless sunbathing.
  • Top Ten Topless Beaches 2006 from Planck's Constant 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC plancksconstant.org [Source type: General]

 ^ All women must sunbathe topless...
  • Topless beaches? - DR1 Dominican Republic Forums 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.dr1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .A topless beach differs from a nude beach or naturist beach in that beach goers of both sexes are required to keep their genital area covered, although females have the option to remove their tops without fearing legal prosecution or official harassment.^ Topless or nude Beaches??
  • Topless or nude Beaches?? 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.locogringo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Top Ten Topless Beaches 2006 .
  • Top Ten Topless Beaches 2006 from Planck's Constant 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC plancksconstant.org [Source type: General]

 ^ We only know of two or three official nudist beaches, although toplessness is certainly legal and is also accepted on pretty well all beaches in Mallorca – if in doubt, take your lead from the local people.
  • Mallorca Beaches Information - mymallorcainfo.com 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.mymallorcainfo.com [Source type: General]

 .Women who sunbathe topless do not necessarily consider themselves to be nudists.^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Traders' Ridge Resort and Dive Center - Island of Yap, Micronesia - yap hotels, yap diving, yap accomodations 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tradersridge.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]

 ^ (Short shorts, bikinis, bra-type tops and toplessness in both men and women are undesirable in public places; nude and topless swimming and/or sunbathing are not permitted.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in Public.
  • Yap - Micronesia : Travel Guide | Micronesia Community | Blog with Sruvivor update . . . 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.micronesia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Women posing for a camera on beach in Saint Martin
.Beaches permitting topless swimming and sunbathing are especially common in Europe and Australia, where the practice has mostly become uncontroversial.^ Walking topless along the beach is not permitted.

 ^ Toplessness is fine, nudity not officially permitted, though many sunbathers abandon their costumes, especially to the west of the island.
  • Activities - St-barths Boutique & Luxury Hotels - Mr & Mrs Smith 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.mrandmrssmith.com [Source type: General]

 ^ (Short shorts, bikinis, bra-type tops and toplessness in both men and women are undesirable in public places; nude and topless swimming and/or sunbathing are not permitted.
  • Travel Tips | The Anguilla Experience 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.anguilla-vacation.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .When Australian researchers conducted an academic study in the mid-1990s, they found that 88 percent of Australian university students, of both genders, considered it socially acceptable for women to remove their tops on public beaches—even though the majority disapproved of women exposing their breasts in other contexts, such as public parks.^ If your breasts are exposed they can be looked at,too.
  • Toplessness in Columbus, Ohio - Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC community.feministing.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Traders' Ridge Resort and Dive Center - Island of Yap, Micronesia - yap hotels, yap diving, yap accomodations 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tradersridge.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Nudity and toplessness for women are illegal in all public places, including remote beaches.
  • Noonsite: Anguilla 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.noonsite.com [Source type: General]

 [23] .In the United States, which is generally less tolerant of female toplessness than Europe or Australia, toplessness is permitted in Washington, D.C., New York, Hawaii, Maine, Ohio, and Texas whereever a man is permitted to go without a top.^ "The topless beach is less so than any other."
  • Shed Bikini Top, Put On Psychic Fetters - NYTimes.com 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: News]

 ^ New York Journals skip to main .

 ^ DR1 Forums > Message Archives > 2000 Archive > Topless sunbathing The following is something (from the archive) that I penned some time ago: Re: Topless sunbathing (WBDominicana ^ ^ ^ "Respectable (and less than respectable) Dominican females do not go topless; in fact, young girls there frequently wear a T-shirt OVER a swimsuit when on the beach.
  • Topless beaches? - DR1 Dominican Republic Forums 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.dr1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [24][25]. .However, women in Texas appearing topless in public are typically charged under public nuisance laws.^ However, women appearing topless in public are typically charged under public nuisance laws.
  • Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ However, it appears no laws were broken.
  • Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In Yap, toplessness is common and socially acceptable, but it is considered highly offensive for women to bare their thighs in public.
  • Scuba diving centers, scuba diving vacations, traveling to yap 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.infohub.com [Source type: News]

 [26] .Nude sunbathing is only permitted at a few specifically designated beaches such as South Beach in Miami, Florida and Black's Beach in San Diego, California and clothing optional and nudist resorts.^ Hanlan's Point clothing optional beach.
  • Nude Beaches - Google Earth Community 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC bbs.keyhole.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nudism is only permitted on specially designated beaches.

 ^ There are no nudist resorts in Thailand and no official nude beaches.

Art

.In many European societies as a result of the Renaissance many artists were strongly influenced by classical Greek styles and culture.^ Attitude: Encyclopedia II - Drunkenness - Cultural attitudes Many societies have cultural stereotypes associated with drunkenness; some consider the ability to drink vast quantities of alcohol worthy of respect.

 [6] .As a result, images of nude and semi-nude subjects in many forms proliferated in art and sculpture.^ Art comes in many forms, some lasting, some etherial.
  • Burning Man 2004 : DigitizeThis.com, Travelogue 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC digitizethis.com [Source type: General]
.During the Victorian era, French Orientalist painters such as Jean-Léon Gérôme presented an idealized depiction of female toplessness in Muslim harem baths,[27] while Eugène Delacroix, a French romantic artist, invoked images of liberty as a topless woman.^ The tide begins to turn during the Victorian era as French Orientalist painters like Gerome present an idealized depiction of Muslim harem baths (JG188510).
  • Bikini Science--Topless (No Top) 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.bikiniscience.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ During the Victorian period, nudity or partial nudity such as being bare chested was seen as wrong, and people took great pains to cover themselves up.

 ^ While surprising that Paris issued such a ban, perhaps not so surprising, given how commonplace nude and topless bathing is in France and Europe.
  • Prude Paris Bans Boobs | Gadling.com 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.gadling.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.From the mid-nineteenth century onward, there was a shift in social attitudes in the West, especially in the United States, towards the prohibition of the exposure of women's breasts.^ While exposure of breasts in public has almost always been constructed in a sexualized manner, these cases embraced the notion that women's breasts may also be viewed in non-sexual ways as well-a perspective that the two women in the cases concerned took towards their own breasts.
  • Canadian Journal of Women and the Law/Revue Femmes et Droit 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.utpjournals.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Supporters of the ban want the law to state that "exposure of women's breasts on beaches will be prohibited" but the ladies I talked to would be happy with a simple health warning: "Exposure to finely toned, lightly oiled male torsos may cause dizziness, confusion and excessive sweating."
  • The naked truth about women's lust - life-style | Stuff.co.nz 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.stuff.co.nz [Source type: News]

 ^ An appeal court there simply overturned a law as it applied to banning women's uncovered breasts.
  • What they say about topfreedom for women 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.tera.ca [Source type: Original source]

 This has been reflected to a more limited degree in the arts.
Édouard Manet - Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts (c.1878)

Entertainment and media

Joséphine Baker topless
.In the 1920s, the Hays Code brought an end to nudity in all its forms, including toplessness, in Hollywood films.^ Naturally, these strict codes mean that nudity and going topless are both prohibited on beaches.

 ^ Paradoxically, partial nudity (including toplessness) of males in public is often looked upon as less shameful in many cultures.
  • Dating - Attract Women or Attract the right Guy And Seduce,Dating Seduction 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dating-forlove.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Anthony Quinn bares his buns in Zorba the Greek, the first such exposure in a Hollywood movie since the advent of the Hays Code.

 .Social and official attitudes have eased since those days and women now appear topless in mainstream cinema, although usually somewhat briefly.^ Most real-world specimens are more like those seen in National Geographic rather than Playboy , and I realize now that toplessness is banned in most places for a reason.

 ^ Women's bodies are still as objectivised as they ever were; maybe more than ever, since they are now so much more fetishised and exposed that before.
  • France falls out of love with topless sunbathing | World news | The Guardian 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 ^ The term "topless" is usually only applied to women.

 .A notable exception was Rapa Nui which featured repeated scenes of bare-breasted native women.^ It is much more common for men to be bare chested than women, since in many cultures it is considered inappropriate (and in many places it is illegal) for a woman to reveal the breasts.

 ^ Bare Breasted Women Sword Fighting : Wait, didn’t we just hear about this ?
  • Fringe Previews at RFD’s: Sex, Lies, and Duplicitous Robots from Space - Fringe & Purge - Washington City Paper 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.washingtoncitypaper.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Other statutes refer generally to exposure of genitals, "private parts", "the body" etc., and may allow women to bare their breasts.

 Film critic Roger Ebert said the producers got away with ongoing toplessness because of the women's brown skin:
“ Rapa Nui" slips through the National Geographic Loophole. .This is the Hollywood convention which teaches us that brown breasts are not as sinful as white ones, and so while it may be evil to gaze upon a blond Playboy centerfold and feel lust in our hearts, it is educational to watch Polynesian maidens frolicking topless in the surf.^ Women going topless in public in Michigan may be charged for disorderly conduct which, upon conviction, carries a sentence of up to 90 days in jail.
  • Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.feministezine.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ May 22nd, 2008 The summer is almost upon us.

 ^ Overview The one-piece swimsuit rolldown (maillot rolldown), also called a maillot de roulè, is a one-piece which can be rolled down to the waist, so as to bare the breasts and render its wearer topless.
  • www.blk1.com - Welcome to Women in One Piece Swimwear & Leotard Fashion eMagazine 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.blk1.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 This isn't sex; it's geography.[28]		 ”
.Some prominent actresses have used body doubles to avoid exposing their own breasts on film.^ She's been seen in screenshots, her big, purple-gray fully-exposed breasts her most prominent feature.
  • Dante's Inferno Lust Impressions: Breast Bosses And Phallic Walls - Tokyo Game Show - Kotaku 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC kotaku.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Not 'breasts', that's a clinical term some people (mature people) think of as the 'correct' term to use.

 ^ Passage , a series of underwater portraits, contained “a couple of very prominently exposed breasts,” White says.
  • “Oregon Pubic Broadcasting” | Willamette Week | August 29th, 2007 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC wweek.com [Source type: General]

 [29][30] .However, the French have traditionally been more relaxed with toplessness and they continued to use topless dancers and actresses during the 1910s and beyond in musical theater and cinema.^ And tell us, if more lines offered topless areas, would you use them?
  • Want to get nude on a cruise? Click here - The Cruise Log - USATODAY.com 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC blogs.usatoday.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Tim Watts Matt Oberg John Clancy Michael Schlitt Musicals No toplessness occurs in the slightly more demure high school musical Vote!
  • New York Theater - Three Days at the New York International Fringe Festival - page 1 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.villagevoice.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Once there, however, the new audience will see that there is much more to enjoy than just topless women.
  • I'm safe in here, irrelevant 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC sushis.livejournal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Toplessness as a form of entertainment has survived to this day at the Folies Bergère and the Moulin Rouge.
.In many Western cultures today, women are regularly featured topless in magazines, calendars, and other print media.^ This is in stark contrast to many Western cultures.
  • Customs & Traditions from Around the World - Dawson City River Hostel 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.yukonhostels.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ I simply could not understand the (fake) outrage -- especially with so many partially and fully uncovered nipples brazenly presenting themselves daily on television and in the print media.
  • DISSENTING JUSTICE: A Tale of Two Tit Exposures: Janet Jackson, President Obama, the FCC, and Gender 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC dissentingjustice.blogspot.com [Source type: News]

 ^ As companies are competing in today’s global market, it is more important than ever to be able to communicate in a foreign language and understand other cultures.
  • Ann Halpin's Blog - November 2007 Entries 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.abroadco.com [Source type: General]

 .In the United Kingdom, following a tradition established by the British newspaper The Sun in 1970, several mainstream tabloid newspapers feature topless female models on their third page, known as Page Three girls.^ The British discomfort with toplessness is amusing, considering that in Britain, 'glamour models' are part of the celebrity culture, tabloid newspapers often have a Page Three Girl, and 'lad mags' are not coy about putting scantily clad women on the lower shelves of the newsagents.
  • France falls out of love with topless sunbathing | World news | The Guardian 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: News]

 ^ He frequently sees the topless girls on page 3 of TheSun as real,.
  • - Pictures Topless Girl Age 16 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC setch.jino-net.ru [Source type: General]

 ^ McCain felt so comfortable at the event that he even volunteered his wife for the rallys traditional beauty pageant, an infamously debauched event thats been known to feature topless women.
  • Paging ECB | Slog | The Stranger | Seattle's Only Newspaper 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC slog.thestranger.com [Source type: General]

 .Although images of topless women are increasingly prevalent in Western magazines and film, images of topless girls under the age of eighteen years are controversial, and are potentially considered child pornography in some jurisdictions.^ Or was it that some were under-age (by the UN Convention on Rights of the Child and the UN Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, both of which fully apply both in the UK and Swaziland, although not in the US)?
  • BBC - The Editors: Acceptable nudity? 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.bbc.co.uk [Source type: General]

 ^ At one point there was a todo where topless women were asked to leave the parking lot or some such and it become a minor cause celebre.
  • Topless Ladies in NYC | MetaFilter 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.metafilter.com [Source type: General]

 ^ So some women whipped off their T-shirts for a picture at the Lincoln Memorial ["Rugby Group Suspends Team for Topless Antics," Metro, Nov.
  • Female Players Of 'Crazy Sport' Jettison Jerseys 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC wesclark.com [Source type: News]

 .Photographers such as Jock Sturges and Bill Henson, whose work regularly features images of topless adolescent girls, have been prosecuted or been embroiled in controversy because of these depictions.^ You can imagine the things these men will be called and the lawsuits that will be filed because a male officer ticketed a topless woman.

 ^ These days using pornified images of girls to sell products is as common and lazy as it is offensive.

 ^ Book says that toplessness is an essential part of biker culture: "I never want to see another girl handcuffed and crying in the street because she yanked her top.
  • 2,000 Breast Protest Planned for Daytona's Bike Week 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.shortnews.com [Source type: General]

 [31] .Even insinuated toplessness by minors can cause controversy.^ At one point there was a todo where topless women were asked to leave the parking lot or some such and it become a minor cause celebre.
  • Topless Ladies in NYC | MetaFilter 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.metafilter.com [Source type: General]
.Women are also at times employed in adult-only venues to perform or pose topless in forms of commercial erotic entertainment.^ The only problem with my time in Spain was that the beach in Barcelona set the bar a bit highbecause of the rampant toplessness.
  • SUNS: Paul Shirley’s Road Ramblings 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.nba.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Perhaps next time these women feel like "expressing themselves," they'll choose their venue more carefully.
  • Female Players Of 'Crazy Sport' Jettison Jerseys 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC wesclark.com [Source type: News]

 ^ AM on February 16, 2007 Women have been able to go topless in Toronto for a while now, though the only time you see topless women on the streets is during the Gay Pride Parade.
  • Topless Ladies in NYC | MetaFilter 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.metafilter.com [Source type: General]

 Such venues can range from downmarket strip clubs to upmarket cabarets, such as the Moulin Rouge. .Topless entertainment may also include competitions such as wet T-shirt contests in which women display their breasts through translucent wet fabric—and may end up removing their T-shirts before the audience.^ Such comments may be flagged for removal.
  • Ohio.com - Family Views - 'Avatar,' 'Did You Hear About the Morgans?' 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.ohio.com [Source type: News]

 ^ If women want to go topless they should be allowed to do so in any place that men may do so, although I don't imagine huge numbers would immediately take up the right.
  • Spacefem.com • View topic - Banning Public Female Toplessness 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.spacefem.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ The beach baseball was a lot of fun for the boys and my husband and they ended up winning a prize during the nightly entertainment.
  • VIK Hotel Arena Blanca & VIK Hotel Cayena Beach Punta Cana - Dominican Republic Hotel Reviews 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.debbiesdominicantravel.com [Source type: Original source]
.Female toplessness has also become a feature of carnivals such as Mardi Gras, notably in New Orleans, during which women "flash" (briefly expose) their breasts in return for strings of plastic beads; and Carnaval of Rio de Janeiro where floats occasionally feature topless women.^ At one point there was a todo where topless women were asked to leave the parking lot or some such and it become a minor cause celebre.
  • Topless Ladies in NYC | MetaFilter 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.metafilter.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Once there, however, the new audience will see that there is much more to enjoy than just topless women.
  • I'm safe in here, irrelevant 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC sushis.livejournal.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Barbara Arneil heralds two recent cases upholding women's rights to expose their breasts in public for their shift in perspective away from an exclusively sexualized view of the female breast.
  • Canadian Journal of Women and the Law/Revue Femmes et Droit 22 January 2010 20:16 UTC www.utpjournals.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

References

  1. ^ Nida, Eugene A. (1954). "Customs and Cultures, Anthropology for Christian Missions". New York: Harper & Brothers. http://christianbreastsnbuns.groups.vox.com/library/post/6a00e398d17d33000200e398d8bc4f0005.html.  
  2. ^ Fernando, Romesh (15 November 1992). "The Garb of Innocence: A Time of Toplessness". http://livingheritage.org/toplessness.htm. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  3. ^ Rovere, Elizabeth. "Culture and Tradition in the Arab Countries: American Returns Touched by the Land and the People". The Habiba Chaouch Foundation. http://www.habiba.org/culture.html.  
  4. ^ C. Willett and Phillis Cunnington, The History of Underclothes. London: Faber & Faber, 1981. ISBN 978-0486271248.
  5. ^ "French Caricature". University of Virginia Health System. http://www.hsl.virginia.edu/historical/artifacts/caricatures/fr6-wetnursing.cfm. Retrieved 1-13-2010.  
  6. ^ a b c Lucy Gent and Nigel Llewellyn, eds., Renaissance Bodies: The Human Figure in English Culture c. 1540–1660. London: Reaktion Books, 1990.
  7. ^ "Historian Reveals Janet Jackson's 'Accidental' Exposing of Her Breast was the Height of Fashion in the 1600s". University of Warwick. May 5, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20040803155530/http://www.newsandevents.warwick.ac.uk/index.cfm?page=pressrelease&id=1858.  
  8. ^ "Sixties City - Bringing on back the good times". http://www.sixtiescity.com/Fashion/Fashion.shtm.  
  9. ^ Allen, Anita L. (2006). "Disrobed: The Constitution of Modesty". HeinOnline. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:RjWuf9XotBUJ:scholar.google.com/&output=viewport&pg=1&hl=en. Retrieved 11 September 2009. "American laws compel sexually modest behavior... By contrast to Western Europe, topless sunbathing is rarely permitted in the United States."  
  10. ^ "10 successful court cases". Gotopless.org. http://www.gotopless.org/news.php?item.3.1. Retrieved 26 August 2009.  
  11. ^ Wiehl, Lis. "Indecent Exposure". FOXNews.com. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,200615,00.html.  
  12. ^ "Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2000". http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=106_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.106. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  13. ^ "Aborigines' fury over topless ban". BBC NEWS. 27 February 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3493408.stm.  
  14. ^ "National GoTopless Protest day". Gotopless.org. http://www.gotopless.org. Retrieved 26 August 2009.  
  15. ^ "bio...Rudi Gernreich" (in German). http://gernreich.steirischerbst.at/pages/bio1.htm. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  16. ^ Shteir, Rachel (2004). Striptease. Oxford University Press. p. 318-321. ISBN 0195127501.  
  17. ^ "Bikini Styles: Monokini". Everything Bikini. http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  18. ^ a b c d David Smith Allyn, Make love, not war, pages 23-29, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0415929423
  19. ^ Walls, Jeannette (1991-01-14). "High Fashion's Lowest Neckline". New York Magazine. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOkCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=peggy+moffitt&lr=.  
  20. ^ Menkes, Suzy (1993-07-18). "Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D81430F93BA25754C0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2.  
  21. ^ Thesander, Marianne (1997). "The Feminine Ideal". Reaktion Books. p. 187.  
  22. ^ Monaco, James (2003). "The New Wave". UNET 2 Corporation. p. 157.  
  23. ^ Herold, E.S. (1994). Corbesi, B., & Collins, J.. "Psychosocial aspects of female topless behavior on Australian beaches". Journal of Sex Research: 133–142.  
  24. ^ Wiehl, Lis (2006). "Indecent Exposure". http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,200615,00.html. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  25. ^ "GoTopless: 10 successful cases giving women the right to be topless in certain states or cities". http://www.gotopless.org/news.php?item.3.1. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  26. ^ "Toplessness: A Right All Women Deserve". http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Toplessness-A-Right.html. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  27. ^ "Toplessness defined". Bikini Science. http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  
  28. ^ Ebert, Roger (September 30, 1994). "Rapa Nui". Chicago Sun Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19940930/REVIEWS/409300301/1023. Retrieved 2009-10-06.  
  29. ^ Harris, Richard Jackson (1 April 1999). A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 080583088X. http://books.google.com/books?id=k9aK_znZpfsC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44. Retrieved 11 September 2009. "... the use of body doubles, even for attractive stars, is common."  
  30. ^ Carr, Rachael (3 August 2008). "I'm Kylie's bottom, Britney's boobs and Kristina's tummy ... but I still don't like my body" (HTML). Mail Online. Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1040895/Im-Kylies-Britneys-boobs-Christinas-tummy---I-dont-like-body.html#. Retrieved 11 September 2009. "Forget plastic surgery and airbrushing, we celebrity body doubles are the big secret of the entertainment industry. Look hard enough and you'll find us everywhere - from pop videos and adverts to films and magazines. For the past three years, I've been working as a celebrity body double and have seen parts of my body 'stolen' by some of the world's biggest female stars."  
  31. ^ Westwood, Matthew (May 23, 2008). "PM says Henson photos have no artistic merit". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23745396-2702,00.html. Retrieved 1-14-2010.  

Simple English

File:View of female gazing out
A Ukrainian woman stands topless, staring out the window.

Toplessness (or being topless) is a state of not wearing any clothing above the waist, meaning the breasts are visible.

Because the female breast is often associated with sexuality, many countries consider it alright for men to be topless in public, but not women. However some countries consider it usual for women to be topless, usually due to the natural heat.

Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/Toplessness"

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 20, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on Toplessness, which are similar to those in the above article.








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