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The Twenty-third Amendment (Amendment XXIII) to the United States Constitution permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. The first Presidential election in which it was in effect was the presidential election of 1964.
Prior to the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D.C. were unable to vote for President or Vice President as the District is not a U.S. state.
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| “ | Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article using appropriate legislation. |
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Congress proposed the Twenty-third Amendment on June 17, 1960.[1] The following states ratified the amendment:
The New Hampshire ratification was somewhat irregular; a vote for ratification was taken on the 29th, but was immediately rescinded. Another vote was taken the 30th to ratify the amendment.[2][3]
The amendment was rejected by the following state:
The following states have not ratified the amendment:
   | Kilman, Johnny and George Costello (Eds). (2000). ''The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation.'' - Constitution of the United States: Browse |
| | CRS Annotated Constitution: 23rd Amendment - CRS/LII Annotated Constitution Twenty-Third Amendment -- Table of Contents |
| | National Archives: 23rd Amendment - Charters of Freedom - The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, The Bill of Rights |
| | Ratification of Constitutional Amendments - Ratification of Constitutional Amendments - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net |
| | National Archives: 23rd Amendment - Charters of Freedom - The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, The Bill of Rights |
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