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For other uses, see University (disambiguation).
See also: College
Degree ceremony at the University of Oxford. The Pro-Vice-Chancellor in MA gown and hood, Proctor in official dress and new Doctors of Philosophy in scarlet full dress. Behind them, a bedel, a Doctor and Bachelors of Arts and Medicine graduate.
.A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects.^ National University System Institute for Policy Research A groundbreaking economic think tank dedicated to improving the effectiveness of local governments.
  • National University • Request Information 9 January 2010 10:30 UTC www.nu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Candidates Name : Richard Wood Age : 55 Education : Bachelor s degree in social studies from Indiana University; master s degree in secondary education from IU; education specialist degree from Butler...

 ^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .A university provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education.^ The University of Florida College of Pharmacy is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.

 ^ In addition University certificate programs...some graduate and some undergraduate...are offered in education, criminal justice leadership, organizational leadership, and more.

 ^ ELLIS UNIVERSITY - Ellis provides online education in certificate and masters degree programs.

 The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning "community of teachers and scholars." [1]

Contents

History

Definition

Representation of a university class in the 1350s
.The original Latin word "universitas" was used at the time of emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, to describe specialized "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually guaranteed by charters issued by princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located."^ They were full of long words that our teacher wouldn't have used.
  • Why Nerds are Unpopular 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.paulgraham.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Plus, this arena could be used for concerts and boxing too, so I think its about time Vegas builds something big like this, everything else in that town is.

 ^ As they were used then, these words all seemed to mean the same thing: obedience.
  • Why Nerds are Unpopular 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.paulgraham.com [Source type: Original source]

 [2] .The original Latin word referred to degree-granting institutions of learning in Western Europe, where this form of legal organization was prevalent, and from where the institution spread around the world.^ [KF] http://www.cuttington.org/ University of Liberia "The University of Liberia was established in 1862 as Liberia College and became a University in 1951....the oldest degree-granting institution in West Africa."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Cuttington University College The College " 120 miles north of Monrovia, is the oldest private, coeducational, four-year, degree-granting institution in sub-Saharan Africa."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ "USIU has 40 full-time faculty, 60% of whom hold doctorate degrees from universities around the world."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .For non-related educational institutions of antiquity which did not stand in the tradition of the university and to which the term is only loosely and retrospectively applied, see ancient centers of higher learning.^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Businesses are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with what they see as the unresponsiveness and irrelevance of higher education to their desire for well-trained employees.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Offers distance learning through the Makerere University Institute of Adult and Continuing Education established in 1953.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

Medieval universities

Main articles: Medieval university and List of medieval universities
The University of Salamanca in Spain, founded 1218
.Prior to their formal establishment, many medieval universities were run for hundreds of years as Christian episcopal or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners which formed the nucleus of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.[3] The first universities were the University of Bologna (1088), the University of Paris (c.^ The inconsistencies encountered and the many unknown contemporary factors involved in the production of these notes, have made it impossible to determine the exact significance of this date.
  • National Bank History - Banknotes and Stock Certificates 10 February 2010 11:55 UTC www.nationalbankhistory.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Xiong had previously lived in Germany for 10 years, studying at the Technical University in Berlin, and later working for the German energy company Buderus, which transferred her to Beijing.
  • The Prague Post - Tempo - Woman tells of life in Chinese labor camp 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.praguepost.com [Source type: General]

 ^ At Epidaurus the Roman senator Antoninus erected ( A.D. 170) two establishments, one for the dying and the other for women lying-in; patients of these classes were not admitted in the Æsculapium.
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 1150, later associated with the Sorbonne), the University of Oxford (1167), the University of Palencia (1208), the University of Cambridge (1209), the University of Salamanca (1218), the University of Montpellier (1220), the University of Padua (1222), the University of Naples Federico II (1224), the University of Toulouse (1229).[4][5] .Some scholars argue that these medieval universities were influenced by the religious Madrasah schools in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades).^ There will probably have to be some major reallocations of resources to support those parts of the University of Minnesota that score highest on these criteria.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The famines and pestilence, which scourged these countries during the Middle Ages called into existence a considerable number of institutions, in particular the leper-houses.
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ To these, in some cases (Santo Spirito, Rome ), was added a cupola which rose from the middle of the ceiling and was supported by graceful columns.
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 [6]
.The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as studia generali (n.b.^ At times a physician or surgeon was called in to render special assistance in certain cases; and this became more general as the medical schools in the universities developed, as at Salerno and Montpellier .
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The school’s ultimate mission is to prepare graduates to succeed in the nation’s leading colleges and universities as well as develop skills to serve and lead in an increasingly complex world.
  • Princeton Online Back to School Guide - Listings of local schools, educational programs and services, recreational activities, informative articles, business listings, open houses, kids party ideas, helpful links, and more! :: 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.princetonol.com [Source type: General]

 ^ However when Protestants say they believe in the holy catholic Church, they are using the term "catholic" in its original meaning of "universal".
  • What is the Church? 11 September 2009 23:39 UTC geneva.rutgers.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .The development of cathedral schools into universities actually appears to be quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception — see Leff, Paris and Oxford Universities), later they were also founded by Kings (Charles University in Prague, Jagiellonian University in Krakow) or municipal administrations (University of Cologne, University of Erfurt).^ As home pages are found for American Universities granting bachelor or advanced degrees, they are added here, one page per university.
  • American Universities 12 September 2009 4:26 UTC www.clas.ufl.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ At times a physician or surgeon was called in to render special assistance in certain cases; and this became more general as the medical schools in the universities developed, as at Salerno and Montpellier .
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In giving them practical effect St. Charles Borromeo set the example by founding and endowing a hospital at Milan and by obliging hospital directors to submit reports of their administration.
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ RUTGERS UNIVERSITY - The business school of New Jersey's flagship university now offers high quality online education, including a certificate program in government financial management, and an online master of accountancy in governmental accounting.

 ^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.^ National University Academy A tuition-free public charter school offering a dynamic, innovative learning environment.
  • National University • Request Information 9 January 2010 10:30 UTC www.nu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ These schools, first and foremost, are interested in the child's intellectual development, provide a structured ambiance where true learning, because of discipline, occurs.
  • Princeton Online Back to School Guide - Listings of local schools, educational programs and services, recreational activities, informative articles, business listings, open houses, kids party ideas, helpful links, and more! :: 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.princetonol.com [Source type: General]

 ^ KENT STATE UNIVERSITY - Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, Kent State offers an online RN-to-BSN nursing program.
.In Europe, young men proceeded to university when they had completed their study of the trivium–the preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric and dialectic or logic–and the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.^ Offering degrees that prepare women and men to become leaders in education, human services, the arts, environmental studies, and a variety of other professional fields.
  • Search for Colleges and Universities, Admissions, Financial Aid, Scholarship, Online Degrees and Testing Information � SchoolGuides.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schoolguides.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The University offers an online bachelor of arts degree which is completed by many students in just two or three years.

 ^ Students and others at Bowling Green State University now have to face the music if they have obtained it illegally using peer-to-peer (P2P) software.

 .(See Degrees of the University of Oxford for the history of how the trivium and quadrivium developed in relation to degrees, especially in anglophone universities).^ A single contact point in University Relations seems desirable, perhaps supplemented by a publicly accessible and searchable WWW database to be developed by ORTTA. 10.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ University Relations should assist these efforts by developing speaker kits and fact sheets.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Collaborate with CEE (now the new University College) to evaluate state needs and develop new applied Master's degrees to meet these needs e.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Modern universities

Main article: History of European research universities
The tower of the University of Coimbra, the oldest Portuguese university
.The end of the medieval period marked the beginning of the transformation of universities that would eventually result in the modern research university.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Corporations continue to support some university research, perhaps even to an increasing extent; but demand more proprietary and targeted research, and greater restrictions on publication of results.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ An end result of it's furious attempt to differentiate itself from the rectilinear forms of "Old" Modernism.
  • The New Brooklyn - Gothamist 2 February 2010 17:21 UTC gothamist.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Many external influences, such as eras of humanism, Enlightenment, Reformation and Revolution, shaped research universities during their development.^ Many research universities have people in such classes, and may well have developed appropriate bureaucratic personnel policies for them, but the educational implications are not often discussed.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They are an increasing source of support for university-based research, but generally only if such research is fairly directly germane to corporate goals.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ In basic research, scholarship, and the creative arts, of course, such avoidance of real risk-taking inhibits the very adventurousness which is the justification of academic freedom in a research university.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.By the 18th century, universities published their own research journals and by the 19th century, the German and the French university models had arisen.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ They are an increasing source of support for university-based research, but generally only if such research is fairly directly germane to corporate goals.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ This paper examines the changing environment of research universities as they approach the 21st century.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The German, or Humboldtian model, was conceived by Wilhelm von Humboldt and based on Friedrich Schleiermacher’s liberal ideas pertaining to the importance of freedom, seminars, and laboratories in universities..December 2007" style="white-space:nowrap;">[citation needed] The French university model involved strict discipline and control over every aspect of the university.^ Arianespace launches it in August 2007; Boeing subsequently located SPACEWAY Third in the geostationary orbit in December 2007, at that time Hughes Net implicit equipped control.
  • Satellite Internet Blog 14 January 2010 13:58 UTC blog.getdsltoo.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Against a backdrop of space, Hugh Ross presented a creationist model of the universe to both religious and non-religious audience members.
.Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ As America's industrial economy grew and became more complex toward the end of the 19th century, the weaknesses in the banking system became critical.
  • National Bank History - Banknotes and Stock Certificates 10 February 2010 11:55 UTC www.nationalbankhistory.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ But business is playing an increasing role, making clear that it needs suitable training for its employees, training which does not necessarily come from research universities as currently constituted.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ New Roles for the 21st Century University.” Issues in Science and Technology 16 (2) Winter: 37-44.
  • Preparing for the Revolution: Information Technology and the Future of the Research University 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .In Britain the move from industrial revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering.^ [KF] http://www.ahfad.org/ Bayan Science and Technology University College (BSTC) A new private university college in Khartoum.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ New Roles for the 21st Century University.” Issues in Science and Technology 16 (2) Winter: 37-44.
  • Preparing for the Revolution: Information Technology and the Future of the Research University 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Florida's other online graduate degree program is in engineering, a field in which "U.S. News and World Report" ranks the University #1 in Florida and in the top 25 universities nationally.

 .The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ TIFFIN UNIVERSITY - Founded in 1888, this long established Ohio university has online education offerings at the bachelors and masters degree levels.

 ^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 In a general sense, the basic structure and aims of universities have remained constant over the years.[citation needed]

National universities

.A national university is generally an university created or run by a national state but at the same time represent a state autonomic institutions which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state.^ UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS - Once an institution with a very limited sphere of influence, and known as Memphis State University, today the University of Memphis casts a shadow well beyond the borders of Tennessee.

 ^ University of Cape Town http://www.uct.ac.za/ University of the Free State (formerly University of the Orange Free State) General information , faculty, student information, events, etc.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ At times a physician or surgeon was called in to render special assistance in certain cases; and this became more general as the medical schools in the universities developed, as at Salerno and Montpellier .
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture.^ This large-format volume showcases a representative sampling of British ship plans from the archives of the National Maritime Museum collection at Greenwich, England.

 ^ University Center of Arts and Drama "the University Center for Arts aims at dynamising arts and culture, in order to bring its contribution to the strategies of reconciliation, peace and national unity.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ National University International Online education and language programs for students around the globe.
  • National University • Request Information 9 January 2010 10:30 UTC www.nu.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .In revolutions in Argentina were the result of the university revolution of 1918 and its posteriors reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Decreasing trust in the functions and priorities of higher education Higher education, particularly in public research universities, has come under fire.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Organization

The University of Sydney is Australia's oldest university.
.Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions.^ The St. Clair County Community College Board of Trustees has named Elaine Collins as its top pick to be the college s next president.

 ^ In this section we present our recommendations for policies that should be followed by the Board of Regents, President, and other central academic officers of the University of Minnesota.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Nearly every city had a hospital of the Holy Ghost, though not all the institutions bearing this name belonged to the order which Guy of Montpellier had founded.
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or faculties.^ It is important to know the National universities are generally rated as the best colleges in the country (USA) for over all academic excellence, faculty and infrastructure, offering any/all/majority of the subjects that are being taught.
  • US University Ranking informations ~ F1study.com 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.f1study.com [Source type: General]

 ^ University of Cape Town http://www.uct.ac.za/ University of the Free State (formerly University of the Orange Free State) General information , faculty, student information, events, etc.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ At times a physician or surgeon was called in to render special assistance in certain cases; and this became more general as the medical schools in the universities developed, as at Salerno and Montpellier .
  • CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hospitals 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Public university systems are ruled over by government-run higher education boards.^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .They review financial requests and budget proposals and then allocate funds for each university in the system.^ They often embody the newest approaches to teaching and scholarship; but they are hard to fit in existing structures, or to fund through regular departmental budgets.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Recognizing that a relatively small percentage of the total University budget comes from state funding, we may come to feel that the battles we fight and the compromises we make are not worth the funding we receive.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .They also approve new programs of instruction and cancel or make changes in existing programs.^ While faculty and department heads must be strongly involved in this examination, their investment in existing programs often makes it difficult for them to recommend major change.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Revisions to existing memoranda of agreement requiring changes to Army Civilian Inmate Labor Program policy.
  • US Army Federal Civilian Inmate Labor Program 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.rense.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ It is not -- as in the Catholic tradition -- that only they have the power to make bread and wine change into Christ's body and blood.
  • What is the Church? 11 September 2009 23:39 UTC geneva.rutgers.edu [Source type: Original source]

 .In addition, they plan for the further coordinated growth and development of the various institutions of higher education in the state or country.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Adding additional capacity now will provide us with extra sessions at peak times and gives us further room for growth.
  • Satellite Internet Blog 14 January 2010 13:58 UTC blog.getdsltoo.com [Source type: General]

 .However, many public universities in the world have a considerable degree of financial, research and pedagogical autonomy.^ Many research universities have people in such classes, and may well have developed appropriate bureaucratic personnel policies for them, but the educational implications are not often discussed.
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 ^ There is criticism of time spent on research relative to undergraduate teaching, and considerable public concern focused on the quality of teaching without much documentation that it is substandard.
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 ^ We believe that for the University of Minnesota to maintain and improve its position as one of the top public research universities, a creative response to the trends outlined below will be required.
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 .Private universities are privately funded and generally have a broader independence from state policies.^ The features mentioned above were true in the good old days when state tax revenue was generously applied to supporting the Public universities; and they continue to be true today in a very different public-funding climate.
  • The Cost of Undergraduate Education 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC socrates.berkeley.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Revenues would be generated from all current outside sources, and perhaps some (e.g., some types of foundation support) which now go mainly to private universities.
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 ^ University of Cape Town http://www.uct.ac.za/ University of the Free State (formerly University of the Orange Free State) General information , faculty, student information, events, etc.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]
.Despite the variable policies, or cultural and economic standards available in different geographical locations create a tremendous disparity between universities around the world and even inside a country, the universities are usually among the foremost research and advanced training providers in every society.^ Many research universities have people in such classes, and may well have developed appropriate bureaucratic personnel policies for them, but the educational implications are not often discussed.
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 ^ But business is playing an increasing role, making clear that it needs suitable training for its employees, training which does not necessarily come from research universities as currently constituted.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ "University of Nigeria Nsukka is one of the world's leading research and teaching institutions."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .Most universities not only offer courses in subjects ranging from the natural sciences, engineering, architecture or medicine, to sports sciences, social sciences, law or humanities, they also offer many amenities to their student population including a variety of places to eat, banks, bookshops, print shops, job centers, and bars.^ Offers courses in business, information technology, education, the social sciences.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Offers courses in the sciences and business administration.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ They got to to to sessions led by women professionals in everything from architecture to medicine to engineering, software, hardware, welding and more.

 .In addition, universities have a range of facilities like libraries, sports centers, students' unions, computer labs, and research laboratories.^ University opens research facility in Guatemala .

 ^ It also includes mention of the projects the SPoRT Center will likely undertake in the future.
  • MetEd: Satellite Meteorology 14 January 2010 13:58 UTC www.meted.ucar.edu [Source type: Reference]

 ^ UNION INSTITUTE AND UNIVERSITY - At Union Institute and University, students work directly with a faculty advisor who is a specialist in their major area of study.

 .In a number of countries, major classic universities usually have their own botanical gardens, astronomical observatories, business incubators and university hospitals.^ The University currently offers online, associate level degrees in two majors; Christian ministry and business management, and an online MBA. .

 ^ Changing workforce situation The rapidly changing employment situation for graduates, and for society at large, has major implications for how we continue to conduct our business within universities.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The era of rapid growth as we have known it is over and many predict a decline in the number of major universities capable of sustaining a research enterprise.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Universities around the world

See also: List of colleges and universities by country
Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, US
.The funding and organization of universities varies widely between different countries around the world.^ These and 13 other features differenciate MUST University from the rest of other online universities world-wide.
  • Online Degrees | Accredited Online University Degree Programs - MUST University 9 January 2010 10:30 UTC www.mustuniversity.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Among research universities around the country, competition has gotten ever more severe for the best faculty and students, as well as for research funding.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ On April 2, 1914, the Reserve Bank Organization Committee announced its decision, and twelve Federal Reserve banks were established to cover various districts throughout the country.
  • National Bank History - Banknotes and Stock Certificates 10 February 2010 11:55 UTC www.nationalbankhistory.com [Source type: Reference]

 .In some countries universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others funding may come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay.^ University of Cape Town http://www.uct.ac.za/ University of the Free State (formerly University of the Orange Free State) General information , faculty, student information, events, etc.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Fewer bright students come from other countries, lessening both our pool of talent and our positive influence on the rest of the world.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Recognizing that a relatively small percentage of the total University budget comes from state funding, we may come to feel that the battles we fight and the compromises we make are not worth the funding we receive.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .In some countries the vast majority of students attend university in their local town, while in other countries universities attract students from all over the world, and may provide university accommodation for their students.^ It is important to know the National universities are generally rated as the best colleges in the country (USA) for over all academic excellence, faculty and infrastructure, offering any/all/majority of the subjects that are being taught.
  • US University Ranking informations ~ F1study.com 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.f1study.com [Source type: General]

 ^ So three whole names and a first name, and the other posts may as well not even be there, they’re all just government.

 ^ So, the rank matters only if the student is looking for "General" criteria for the universities and may not be useful or helpful to meet all for the student's individual objective.
  • US University Ranking informations ~ F1study.com 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC www.f1study.com [Source type: General]

 [7]

Classification

Brooks Hall, home of the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, US
.The definition of a university varies widely even with some countries.^ Corporations continue to support some university research, perhaps even to an increasing extent; but demand more proprietary and targeted research, and greater restrictions on publication of results.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ It's a K-12 school or school with some variation of those grades which is operated by a university or college.

 .For example, there is no nationally standardized definition of the term in the United States although the term has traditionally been used to designate research institutions and was once reserved for research doctorate-granting institutions.^ UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS - Once an institution with a very limited sphere of influence, and known as Memphis State University, today the University of Memphis casts a shadow well beyond the borders of Tennessee.

 ^ I'd like in any case to underscore a far larger and more significant point that no one should doubt or forget: The CIA has a vital mission in protecting the United States, and the focus of this agency is there, on that decisive work.” .
  • Central Intelligence Agency (Harper's Magazine) 12 September 2009 11:29 UTC www.harpers.org [Source type: News]

 ^ No doubt some of the freaks ultimately used drugs to escape from other problems-- trouble at home, for example.
  • Why Nerds are Unpopular 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.paulgraham.com [Source type: Original source]

 [8] .Some states, such as Massachusetts, will only grant a school "university status" if it grants at least two doctoral degrees.^ As home pages are found for American Universities granting bachelor or advanced degrees, they are added here, one page per university.
  • American Universities 12 September 2009 4:26 UTC www.clas.ufl.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ KENT STATE UNIVERSITY - Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, Kent State offers an online RN-to-BSN nursing program.

 ^ The University also offers online doctor of business administration degrees with concentrations in global business and leadership, entrepreneurship and business management, healthcare management and leadership, and information systems and enterprise management.

 [9] .In the United Kingdom, an institution can only use the term if it has been granted by the Privy Council, under the terms of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.^ By the terms of these acts, the government was enabled to grant charters to banks which were then allowed to issue their own notes, but only up to 90% of the par value of the U.S. Government bonds which the banks had previously deposited with the government as security for the notes about to be issued.
  • National Bank History - Banknotes and Stock Certificates 10 February 2010 11:55 UTC www.nationalbankhistory.com [Source type: Reference]

 ^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Ghana's Education System Ghana government site, has a list of higher education institutions.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [10]

Colloquial usage

.Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "when I was at university..."^ One may argue about exactly what weighting to use; but the result will doubtless be something a bit less than 50%.
  • The Cost of Undergraduate Education 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC socrates.berkeley.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ But these new audiences, and the traditional ones as well, may be the object of competition by non-local colleges and universities and by new for-profit companies.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .(in the United States and Ireland, college is used instead: "when I was in college..."^ History of the College and its relations with the United States, photographs (including from the 1960s), list of college alumni and faculty, a 1999 talk by the College President on the history and present situation of the College, news.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ In addition, Loyola has consistently been ranked among the top regional colleges and universities in the South and as one of the top 60 colleges in the United States by "U.S. News & World Report".

 ^ Army National Guard units leasing facilities from the Army or occupying State­owned land or facilities may use inmates from an off­post State and/or local corrections facility.
  • US Army Federal Civilian Inmate Labor Program 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.rense.com [Source type: Academic]

 ). See the college article for further discussion. .In Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the German-speaking countries "university" is often contracted to "uni". In New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called "varsity" (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years), which was also common usage in the UK in the 19th century.^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Xiong had previously lived in Germany for 10 years, studying at the Technical University in Berlin, and later working for the German energy company Buderus, which transferred her to Beijing.
  • The Prague Post - Tempo - Woman tells of life in Chinese labor camp 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.praguepost.com [Source type: General]

 ^ In recent years there has been a general call for more “transparency” (and, of course, more honesty) in the financial reports issued by large corporations throughout this country.
  • The Cost of Undergraduate Education 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC socrates.berkeley.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Criticism

.Richard Vedder, an Ohio University professor and member of the Commission on the Future of Higher Education, has been a critic of how institutions of higher education, including the universities, are financed.^ Candidates Name : Richard Wood Age : 55 Education : Bachelor s degree in social studies from Indiana University; master s degree in secondary education from IU; education specialist degree from Butler...

 ^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ TIFFIN UNIVERSITY - Founded in 1888, this long established Ohio university has online education offerings at the bachelors and masters degree levels.

 .In his 2004 book, "Going Broke by Degree," Vedder says that tuition increases have rapidly outpaced inflation; that productivity in higher education has fallen or remained stagnant; and that third-party tuition payments from government or private sources have insulated students from bearing the full cost of their education, allowing costs to rise more rapidly.^ Low tuition and a monthly tuition payment plan help make Penn Foster an affordable choice for students seeking practical online career training.

 ^ Recent state budgets have decreased the percentage of support for the costs of undergraduate instruction, leading to a heavier tuition burden and resulting resentment on the part of students and their parents.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 [11]

Discrimination by university faculty

Concern over the political bias among university faculty has long been a criticism of the university setting. .[12] A study published in The Forum by university professor Robert Lichter and colleagues Stanley Rothman and Neil Nevitte has shown the vast majority of American university faculties to be politically liberal and non-religious.^ UNION INSTITUTE AND UNIVERSITY - At Union Institute and University, students work directly with a faculty advisor who is a specialist in their major area of study.

 ^ When Mark McPhail, an interdisciplinary studies professor at Southern Methodist University, asks his students how they know what they know, he’s looking to solve problems.

 ^ University Centre for Studies in Namibia (TUCSIN) The Centre seeks to "foster the academic education of Namibians by implementing formal, informal or non-formal education projects."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 .The study raises questions over whether the political leaning of university academics affect school policies, curricula, admission and evaluation procedures.^ Personal injuries in science laboratories in schools and universities raise a variety of issues beyond the typical personal injury case.
  • Injuries in School/College Laboratories in USA 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.rbs2.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ Public high schools (i.e., operated by the state or a political subdivision of a state) and universities totally controlled by state or federal government are probably exempt from OSHA regulations.
  • Injuries in School/College Laboratories in USA 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.rbs2.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ In this section we present our recommendations for policies that should be followed by the Board of Regents, President, and other central academic officers of the University of Minnesota.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 The results of the study include preliminary findings of discrimination against conservative faculty. .In addition, the study finds that liberals, men and the non-religious are overrepresented at top schools, with conservatives, women and religious faculty relegated to lower-tier colleges and universities.^ CHAMPLAIN COLLEGE - ' U.S. News' "America's Best Colleges 2005" ranked Champlain College in the top tier of the best comprehensive colleges in the North.

 ^ KENT STATE UNIVERSITY - Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, Kent State offers an online RN-to-BSN nursing program.

 ^ In addition, the University awards certificates through online study in gerontology, community health education, health care ethics, health psychology, and polysomnography.

 [13] [14] [15]
.Recent developments on college campuses, such as the University of Delaware's Ideological Reeducation plan[16], and the persecution of Emily Brooker by faculty at Missouri State University [17] have drawn the attention of the public and the media to incidents of liberal bias against conservative faculty and students.^ The best young faculty are generally drawn to the universities with the best graduate students.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ A key legislator discouraged leaders at the state's public colleges and universities from passing on to students the pain of budget cuts through a mid-year bump in the cost of tuition.

 ^ Many research universities have people in such classes, and may well have developed appropriate bureaucratic personnel policies for them, but the educational implications are not often discussed.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .[18] Victims note the difficulty of going up against tenured faculty and the risk of negative repercussions on their reputation and academic goals.^ Academic freedom for non-tenure-track faculty needs to be clearly protected.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ For faculty, the rapid growth of knowledge leads to increasing difficulty in keeping up-to-date.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 [19] .Advocacy groups such as FIRE, NAS and the ACLU have come to the aid of students and faculty who have become victim of such groups, and with the help of legal counsel have often succeeded in defending the rights of the victims they represent.^ Students are recognized for such actions as standing up for a student who was being bullied or offering to include someone who was isolated.

 ^ While studying for finals, a group of aerospace engineering students has helped redesign a surveillance aircraft for defense contractor Raytheon.

 ^ Try to hire faculty who are intellectually adventurous and ambitious enough that they will continue to pioneer new areas throughout their careers.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Cost

Main article: Tuition
.Some universities may vary from costs between $150,000 to costs as low as $15,000 - made on a per term basis whether the school is on a semester or a quarter system.^ Installations may absorb nominal costs associated with their program on a nonreimbursable basis.
  • US Army Federal Civilian Inmate Labor Program 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.rense.com [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Michigan's costly retirement system threatens public schools Interactive tool: Teacher pension costs, by district Interactive map: Failing schools across the country Advertisement .
  • detnews.com | The Detroit News | Schools | Detroit News Online -- Local and online source for in-depth news about schools and colleges in Detroit and Michigan. 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.detnews.com [Source type: News]

 ^ Tuition costs are relatively low, and progress toward graduation can be accelerated because, as the university says, "at WGU credit hours don't count.

 .So, students attending university for a baccalaureate degree and then a graduate degree, could incur costs of around $ 500,000. Usually state universities are somewhat less, with the state absorbing some of the cost even for out-of-state students.^ A key legislator discouraged leaders at the state's public colleges and universities from passing on to students the pain of budget cuts through a mid-year bump in the cost of tuition.

 ^ Recent state budgets have decreased the percentage of support for the costs of undergraduate instruction, leading to a heavier tuition burden and resulting resentment on the part of students and their parents.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ University of Cape Town http://www.uct.ac.za/ University of the Free State (formerly University of the Orange Free State) General information , faculty, student information, events, etc.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 This subsidizing of educational costs is borne by the state taxpayers.

Religious and political control of universities

.In some countries, in some political systems, universities are controlled by political or religious authorities who forbid certain fields of study or impose certain other fields.^ Also, I think they are like most other systems of control and domination: illegitimate.

 ^ Florida's other online graduate degree program is in engineering, a field in which "U.S. News and World Report" ranks the University #1 in Florida and in the top 25 universities nationally.

 ^ Public high schools (i.e., operated by the state or a political subdivision of a state) and universities totally controlled by state or federal government are probably exempt from OSHA regulations.
  • Injuries in School/College Laboratories in USA 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.rbs2.com [Source type: Original source]

 .Sometimes national or racial limitations exist in the students that can be admitted, the faculty and staff that can be employed, and the research that can be conducted.^ Faculty should also take the opportunity to tell students in classes about their research.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Among research universities around the country, competition has gotten ever more severe for the best faculty and students, as well as for research funding.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ We should build on existing reward programs for faculty: Morse-Alumni program, McKnight Land-Grant, research awards, etc.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Nazi universities

Main article: Nazi university
.Books from university libraries, written by anti-Nazi or Jewish authors, were burned in places (example: in Berlin) in 1933, and the curricula were subsequently modified.^ One of the classic and most sinister examples of the Hegelian Principle involves the Nazi’s rise to power that quickly followed the burning of the German Parliament building, the Reichstag, on the night of February 27, 1933.

 ^ Written for us by internationally-known author Robert F. Sumrall, this book details the ship's history, construction, and equipment.

 Jewish professors and students were expelled according to the racial policy of Nazi Germany, see also the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. Martin Heidegger became the rector of University of Freiburg, where he delivered a number of Nazi speeches. On August 21, 1933 Heidegger established the Führer-principle at the university, later he was appointed Führer of Freiburg University. .University of Poznań was closed by the Nazi Occupation in 1939. 1941–1944 a German university worked there.^ Xiong had previously lived in Germany for 10 years, studying at the Technical University in Berlin, and later working for the German energy company Buderus, which transferred her to Beijing.
  • The Prague Post - Tempo - Woman tells of life in Chinese labor camp 11 September 2009 7:19 UTC www.praguepost.com [Source type: General]

 University of Strasbourg was transferred to Clermont-Ferrand and Reichsuniversität Straßburg existed 1941–1944.
Nazi universities ended in 1945.

Gallery
Faculty of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires Paseo Colón Branch, Argentina
The University of Freiburg in Germany, Kollegiengebäude IV.
The Aston Webb building, at the University of Birmingham, UK.
University Paris 1 Sorbonne, Paris, France
.Old College, a building of the University of Edinburgh, one of the oldest universities in the United Kingdom.^ [KF] http://www.cuttington.org/ University of Liberia "The University of Liberia was established in 1862 as Liberia College and became a University in 1951....the oldest degree-granting institution in West Africa."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ STRAYER UNIVERSITY - This 115 year old institution is one of the largest universities in the United States dedicated to serving adult learners.

 ^ Loyola has been named one of "America's 300 Best Buys" in Barron's "Best Buys in College Education", and ranks in the top seven percent of the 1,500 colleges and universities ranked by Barron's.
Façade of the Main Building of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines.
The London School of Economics, Main Entrance, UK.
View from upper bridge of the University of Calabria (Università della Calabria), Rende, Italy.
National University of La Plata, Office of the President, La Plata, Argentina
.The University of Münster is a public university located in the city of Münster, Germany.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Franklin University is located in the same city as Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio .

 ^ Champlain College is located in the same city as the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont .
Theological Hall at Queens University in Ontario, Canada.
.National University of Rosario, Faculty of Medicine, Argentina.^ Has a Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Science with Education, Faculty of Development Studies, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, and a University teaching hospital.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ University names two faculty members as vice provosts; National Academy of Sciences adds member from UT faculty; bama administration names UT professor to advisory council .

 ^ Regular communication should be promoted between University Relations writers and U of M faculty to develop stories for local and national media.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Old Arts Building at the University of Pretoria in Pretoria, South Africa.^ [KF] http://www.up.ac.za/ University of Stellenbosch (Matieland, South Africa) In English and Afrikaans.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ College and University Home Pages International Universities : http://www.findaschool.org/ South African Universities (from South Africa National Research Foundation) eSAP Project.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ After the democratic change that took place in South Africa in 1994, the University community voted by popular ballot to change the name from University of Bophuthatswana to University of North-West."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]
.Australian National University, School of Art, Australia.^ University Center of Arts and Drama "the University Center for Arts aims at dynamising arts and culture, in order to bring its contribution to the strategies of reconciliation, peace and national unity.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ The University offers a master of arts in education degree online with concentrations in curriculum and instruction, and school improvement leadership.

 ^ American University in Washington DC." Schools of Arts & Sciences, Entrepreneurship & Business Management, and Information Technology & Communications and an American curriculum.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]
University of Oxford, Radcliffe Camera, UK.
.The The University of Finance and Administration is a private university located in the city of Prague, Czech Republic.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Franklin University is located in the same city as Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio .

 ^ Champlain College is located in the same city as the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont .
.Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Main Building, New Delhi, India.^ It is supported by the World Bank Institute , Diaspora of African scientists and engineers, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IIT), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC).
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Nelson Mandela Institution "Nelson Mandela Institution for Knowledge Building and the Advancement of Science and Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa (NMI) is a private and independent organization established [2004]....."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Participants include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Curtin University, Australia, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Indiana Institute of Technology, and others.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]
University of Tartu, Main Building, Estonia.

See also

University portal

References

  1. ^ Google eBook of Encyclopedia Britannica
  2. ^ Marcia L. Colish, Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 400-1400, (New Haven: Yale Univ. Pr., 1997), p. 267.
  3. ^ Riché, Pierre (1978): "Education and Culture in the Barbarian West: From the Sixth through the Eighth Century", Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, ISBN 0-87249-376-8, pp. 126-7, 282-98
  4. ^ THE ORIGIN OF UNIVERSITIES
  5. ^ and University of Coimbra founded in Lisbon and was based there in 1290-1308, 1338-54, and 1377-1537.Medieval Universities And the Origin of the College
  6. ^ Makdisi, George (April-June 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West", Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 (2): 175–182 [175–77], doi:10.2307/604423 ; Makdisi, John A. (June 1999), "The Islamic Origins of the Common Law", North Carolina Law Review 77 (5): 1635–1739 ; Goddard, Hugh (2000), A History of Christian-Muslim Relations, Edinburgh University Press, p. 99, ISBN 074861009X 
  7. ^ "Basic Classification Technical Details". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=798. Retrieved 2007-03-20. 
  8. ^ US Department of State: Types of Graduate schools
  9. ^ Massachusetts Board of Education: Degree-granting regulations for independent institutions of higher education
  10. ^ "Higher Education". Privy Council Office. http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page27.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-06. 
  11. ^ Vedder, Richard (July 2004). "Going Broke by Degree: Why College Costs Too Much". American Enterprise Institute. http://www.aei.org/books/bookID.780,filter.all/book_detail2.asp. 
  12. ^ http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ756941&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ756941
  13. ^ http://www.bepress.com/forum/vol3/iss1/art2/
  14. ^ Rothman, Stanley; Lichter, S. Robert; and Nevitte, Neil (2005) "Politics and Professional Advancement Among College Faculty," The Forum: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1, Article 2.
  15. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html
  16. ^ http://www.cdobs.com/archive/syndicated/teaching-plan-america-an-oppressive-hellhole,96190
  17. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-11-02-gay-adoption_x.htm
  18. ^ http://www.nas.org/polDoc.cfm?Doc_Id=132
  19. ^ http://townhall.com/columnists/MikeAdams/2007/08/27/of_mice_and_mormons

Bibliography

  • Stanley Aronowitz, The Knowledge Factory. .Boston: Beacon, 2000. ISBN 0807031224
  • Clyde W. Barrow, Universities and the Capitalist State: Corporate Liberalism and the Reconstruction of American Higher Education, 1894–1928, University of Wisconsin Press 1990 ISBN 0-299-12400-2
  • Sigmund Diamond, Compromised Campus: The Collaboration of Universities with the Intelligence Community, 1945–1955, Oxford University Press 1992 ISBN 0-195-05382-6
  • Olaf Pedersen, The First Universities : Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe, Cambridge University Press, 1998 ISBN 0-521-59431-6
  • Bill Readings, The University in Ruins.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
    • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ The rest of the universities in the UT System now have the same copyright licensing privileges as UT-Austin, making it one of the largest higher education systems in the U.S. to have those rights.

     ^ UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- SUPERIOR - University of Wisconsin- Superior offers students the chance to design their own online bachelors program in collaboration with a faculty member.

     .Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-674-92953-5.
  • Thomas F. Richards, The Cold War Within American Higher Education: Rutgers University As a Case Study,Pentland Press 1998 ISBN 1-571-97108-4
  • Walter Rüegg, general editor, A History of the University in Europe.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
    • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Mogadishu University (Mogadishu, Somalia) Private non-profit institution of higher learning established in 1996.
    • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ Subject Index and Checklist of History and Archaeology Dissertations and Research Essays Submitted at the University of Botswana, 1976-1998 Lists four M.A. dissertations and 222 B.A. research essays.
    • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, ed., vol. 1, Universities in the Middle Ages, 1992. ISBN 0-521-36105-2
    • Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, ed, vol. 2, Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), 1996. ISBN 0-521-36106-0
    • Walter Rüegg, ed., vol. 3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), 2004. ISBN 0-521-36107-9 (vol 3 reviewed by Laurence Brockliss in the Times Literary Supplement, no 5332, 10 June 2005, pages 3–4)

Related terms

academia - academic rank - academy - admission - alumnus - aula - Brain farm - Bologna process - business schools - Grandes écoles - campus - college - college and university rankings - dean - degree - diploma - discipline - dissertation -doctorate - faculty - fraternities and sororities - graduate student - graduation - Ivory Tower - lecturer - medieval university - medieval university (Asia) - mega university - perpetual student - professor - provost - rector - research - scholar - senioritis - student - tenure - Town and Gown - tuition - undergraduate - universal access - university administration
Schools
By educational stage
By funding / eligibility
By style of education
By scope

Study guide

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikiversity

Wikipedia-logo.png Run a search on University at Wikipedia.
This page is for describing and exploring conceptions of "university".

Contents

What is a university?

.A university is a space, either physical or virtual (or a blend of the two), in which to study a particular subject at an advanced level.^ University in Nigeria that offers a degree in Marine Engineering, the only one with an Institute of Pollution Studies , the only one with an Institute of Geosciences & Space Technology and the only one with a Centre for Niger Delta Studies ."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ "Strathmore College was started in 1961 as an Advanced-level Sixth Form College offering Science and Arts subjects by a group of professionals..."
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University, 1999.
  • Theater Missile Defense 17 September 2009 0:30 UTC www.au.af.mil [Source type: Academic]
The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning "community of teachers and scholars".[1]

How does a university work?

.Universities have traditionally conducted education via lectures, seminars, tutorials, research groups, and laboratories.^ The university launches the Energy Institute , a USC-based home for energy and environmental researchers who develop their research and education programs while engaging outside companies and agencies.
  • About USC - History 9 January 2010 10:30 UTC www.usc.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ The emergence of research universities in the late 19th century constituted a transforming moment in the history of American higher education.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Many research universities have people in such classes, and may well have developed appropriate bureaucratic personnel policies for them, but the educational implications are not often discussed.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 Its lecturers are usually engaged in research, which they are encouraged to publish regularly. .Universities confer degrees to students who conform to certain academic standards.^ Xavier University Saint Xavier University is a Catholic, coeducational, comprehensive university focused on the liberal arts, and offering undergraduate and graduate degree programs to students across the country.
  • Find Top Online Schools | Schools.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schools.com [Source type: General]

 ^ Everglades University - Online Everglades University combines innovative degree programs, small classes, and convenient scheduling to accommodate adult learners and working students.
  • Find Top Online Schools | Schools.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schools.com [Source type: General]

 ^ The University offers an online bachelor of arts degree which is completed by many students in just two or three years.

 .Degrees types include the Bachelor, Masters and Doctorate (PhD) levels in the United States, though university systems differ quite widely from country to country.^ Offers bachelors and masters degrees.
  • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ Its online programs include a variety of business and nursing degrees at the bachelors and masters levels .

 ^ UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX INTERNATIONAL - Now students outside of the United States may earn an online bachelors, masters or doctoral degree from the University of Phoenix.

How a university doesn't work

.It has been found that between 40% and 50% of higher education students do not complete their degrees (Hatcher, Kryter, Prus, & Fitzgerald, 1992).^ TIFFIN UNIVERSITY - Founded in 1888, this long established Ohio university has online education offerings at the bachelors and masters degree levels.

 ^ You then will have the option of completing your bachelors degree at the University of Phoenix or elsewhere in a campus-based or online distance education degree program.

 ^ ODESSA COLLEGE - Founded more than 60 years ago, this college is now educating in excess of 5,000 students.

 .It is therefore particularly important that universities understand student motivations, capabilities, and interests so as to adjust content and pedgagogical processes in order to optimise student engagement and retention.^ Amid the current economic climate, student voice in the tuition-setting process is more important than ever, said Student Government President Liam O'Rourke.
.Research points to satisfaction with the college experience as a major contributor to students’ motivation and commitment (Suhre, Jansen, & Harskamp, 2007).^ The other is the direct interpersonal contact with teachers and other students, inside the classroom and out, that is such an important part of the college experience and of life itself.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ When a graduate student is injured in a laboratory, a college often takes the legal position that the student was an employee (e.g., teaching assistant or research assistant) and therefore only entitled to Workers' Compensation.
  • Injuries in School/College Laboratories in USA 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.rbs2.com [Source type: Original source]

 ^ We would lose the occasional flash of brilliance from an exceptional graduate student, the enjoyment of interacting with developing young researchers, and the satisfaction of training new generations of scholars.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 .Satisfied students study harder, perform better and are therefore more motivated than less satisfied students (Orpen, 1990).^ Students will enter the U of M better prepared and better motivated.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Welcome to a World of Opportunities With more than 38,000 students, Saint Paul Public Schools (SPPS) is Minnesota's second-largest school district.
  • Welcome to a World of Opportunities 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.spps.org [Source type: News]

 ^ Additionally, the study indicates that the timing appeared to matter more than the specific training method.
  • Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Jersey, America's Best Hospitals, U.S. News, best doctors, heart disease, cardiology, cancer treatment, maternity services, pediatrics, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903 26 January 2010 5:13 UTC www.rwjuh.edu [Source type: Academic]
See also: University - Criticism (Wikipedia).

Knowledge

Consider the following two quotes:
.

"There is no longer a universe of knowledge as the term university might imply.^ Most churches believe that the office of apostle applied only to Christ's followers, and that there are no longer apostles.
  • What is the Church? 11 September 2009 23:39 UTC geneva.rutgers.edu [Source type: Original source]

 ^ We could focus on what the U of M does well, rather than doing things that could be done by other institutions, or might just as well not done at all, because there would no longer be public constitutencies with a strong claim on the university.
  • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

 ^ Well, after doing some research, it turns out they are and the Indiana University might be looking to replace it in the long term.

 .Knowledge in the modern university is to be found in separate subject paradigms, which manage to coexist in the same university by not speaking to each other". (Tiffin & Rajasingham, 2003, pp:85-86) "One needs only to encounter a professional organization or interdepartmental politics at a university to be reminded of the degree to which specialization and isolation are basic facts of institutional life" (Wertsch, 1998, p.^ As home pages are found for American Universities granting bachelor or advanced degrees, they are added here, one page per university.
  • American Universities 12 September 2009 4:26 UTC www.clas.ufl.edu [Source type: Academic]

 ^ TIFFIN UNIVERSITY - Founded in 1888, this long established Ohio university has online education offerings at the bachelors and masters degree levels.

 ^ Jack Welch Management Institute at Chancellor University - Online Advance your career with a degree from the Jack Welch Management Institute at Chancellor University.
  • Find Top Online Schools | Schools.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schools.com [Source type: General]

 4)

.These perspectives tell us something about the way that knowledge is produced, preserved, and transmitted through time by universities.^ Plus, this arena could be used for concerts and boxing too, so I think its about time Vegas builds something big like this, everything else in that town is.

 ^ I always wonder about these folks after they leave too, those whose pictures just disappear and how they end up making their way in the world.

 ^ Through photographs of the ships and shipyards where they were laid up and brief ship histories, it tells the story of how these ships were paid off and preserved, how some were reactivated, and how most left the reserve fleet to be broken up.

University of universities

.One idealized or imagined conception of University is that of a University of Universities, an educational singularity.^ Loyola has been named one of "America's 300 Best Buys" in Barron's "Best Buys in College Education", and ranks in the top seven percent of the 1,500 colleges and universities ranked by Barron's.

 ^ The rest of the universities in the UT System now have the same copyright licensing privileges as UT-Austin, making it one of the largest higher education systems in the U.S. to have those rights.

 ^ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY - Northwestern University is one of the most highly respected institutions of higher education in the United States.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Google eBook of Encyclopedia Britannica

Bibliography

  • Hatcher, L., Kryter, K., Prus, J.S., & Fitzgerald, V. (1992). .Predicting college student satisfaction, commitment, and attrition from investment model constructs.^ HERZING COLLEGE - Herzing's website states, "Herzing College's facilitator format is not a traditional 'correspondence' school (a model where students work on their own with little interaction).

     Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1273-1296.
  • Orpen, C. (1990). .The measurement of student university satisfaction: a consumer behavior perspective.^ HARDING UNIVERSITY - Students seeking an online masters degree with a Christian perspective in the field of business, information technology or health management may want to consider Harding University.

     Journal of Human Behavior and Learning, 7, 34-37.
  • Suhre, C., Jansen, E., & Harskamp, E. (2007). .Impact of degree program satisfaction on the persistence of college students.^ Many students contact us to ask about "cheap degrees", "cheap online degrees" or "cheap online colleges".

     ^ It now offers nearly twenty online degree programs, several of which are rarely offered by online colleges and universities.

     ^ Xavier University Saint Xavier University is a Catholic, coeducational, comprehensive university focused on the liberal arts, and offering undergraduate and graduate degree programs to students across the country.
    • Find Top Online Schools | Schools.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schools.com [Source type: General]

     .Higher Education, 54, 207-226.
  • Tiffin, J., Rajasingham, L. (2003) The global virtual university.^ Kampala International University "a private Institution of higher education located at Kansanga, 3Km from Kampala city.."
    • African Universities on the Internet 20 September 2009 4:19 UTC library.stanford.edu [Source type: Academic]

     ^ University of Phoenix With convenient class locations as well as online learning, University of Phoenix makes quality higher education highly accessible.
    • Find Top Online Schools | Schools.com 12 January 2010 9:58 UTC www.schools.com [Source type: General]

     ^ Decreasing trust in the functions and priorities of higher education Higher education, particularly in public research universities, has come under fire.
    • The Future of the Research University - Title 20 September 2009 11:58 UTC www1.umn.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

     London: RoutledgeFalmer
  • Wertsch, J. (1998) Mind as action. New York: Oxford University Press | |

Simple English

File:Università di bologna,
The University of Bologna was the first university
File:Praha, Staré Město, Univerzita Karlova II
The Charles University in Prague was one of the first Universities in Europe. This is the historical building
File:Graz University
University of Graz

A university is an institution where teaching and research is done. The word university comes from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning "community of teachers and scholars." [1] People can attend university to get a degree. Unlike the schooling they have done before, the courses at university are specialized. A person studying biology at university has lots of courses about biology and not very many courses in other fields, like languages or history. To get a higher degree, people must do some research.

Contents

History

The universities were born in Europe during the Middle Ages. The first institution of this type was the University of Bologna that later became a model for similar centers of education. This term can often be used in other cultures to mean centers of higher education and higher thought, although their creation was often well before the Middle Ages.

At first, the universities had formed themselves according to the model of the professional groups and like almost everything in the Middle Ages, they remained tied to the Catholic Church. At the beginning, they had worked to teach the so-called "seven liberal arts" (the trivium and the quadrivium):

That earliest division caused the present divisions between literary and scientific fields.

Organization

A university can include several campuses, or different places where classes are taught. In each campus there are several faculties and university schools (mainly for teaching), and also laboratories, departments and institutes of research. Many campuses also have housing for students in buildings called dormitories and structures like libraries, study rooms, and gymnasiums for students that live there. Each school offers many courses that students take to earn a degree. The person with the highest right to control and to command in a university is the rector, who governs the university with the help of the party of vice-rectors and of other organs such as the social council and the governing body.

Famous universities

United Kingdom

China

Germany

Mexico

Sweden

  • Chalmers University
  • Karolinska Institute
  • Lund University
  • Royal Institute of Technology
  • Stockholm School of Economics
  • Uppsala University
  • Umeå University

United States

There is a group of famous universities called the Ivy League. They are:

Some other famous universities are:

Canada

Japan

Italy

Australia

Chile

  • University of Chile (Universidad de Chile)
  • Catholic University of Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
  • Metropolitan Technologic University (Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana)

Romania

  • Naval Academy "Mircea cel Batran" ANMB

Other pages

Other websites

References

  1. ↑ Google eBook of Encyclopedia Britannica


Retrieved from "http://yak.rapint.com/wiki/University"

Citable sentences

Up to date as of December 15, 2010

Here are sentences from other pages on College, which are similar to those in the above article.








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