From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ The first volcano we will examine is Mount Vesuvius in Naples, Italy.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mount Vesuvius ( Italian : Monte Vesuvio , Latin: Mons Vesuvius ) is a volcano east of Naples , Italy .- Vesuvius.eu 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.vesuvius.eu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The ill-fated city of Naples sits smack between two volcanic threats -- the Phlegraean Fields to the West and to the East the giant Vesuvius.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It is the only volcano on the Europe an mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years, although it is not currently erupting.- Vesuvius.eu 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.vesuvius.eu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Vesuvius is the only one to have erupted within recent history, although some of the others have erupted within the last few hundred years.- Vesuvius.eu 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.vesuvius.eu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although the volcano erupts on average every 9 years, the last major eruption was in 1975.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The only other two such volcanoes in Italy (Etna and Stromboli ) are located on islands.- Vesuvius.eu 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.vesuvius.eu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The goal of this lesson is for the students to have a clear understanding of the hazards associated with two different types of volcanoes and how the hazards are related to their locations on our planet.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hamilton (1772) eventually compiled these letters and reports into a book about Mount Vesuvius, Mount Etna, and other volcanoes.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Vesuvius is on the coast of the Bay of Naples , about nine kilometres (six miles) east of Naples and a short distance from the shore.- Vesuvius.eu 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.vesuvius.eu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ From across the bay, a seventeen year old youth watched as Mount Vesuvius turned into a fuming monster.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Read More Recently viewed clear Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius Tour - Tour from Naples .- Pompeii and Vesuvius 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.isango.com [Source type: General]
.^ In views of Naples it is seen as a ridge to the left of the present cone.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Once in Sorrento, we’ll cross the Bay of Naples to one of the world’s most beautiful vacation destinations, the Isle of Capri .- Travel to Italy :: Perillo Tours - Since 1945 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.perillotours.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gazing across the Bay of Naples, what you see is a beautiful, calm, shapely mountain framed against the blue sky.- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
.^ Understandably, the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Vesuvius that buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in A.D. 79 attracted considerable attention.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Vesuvius erupted on August 24-25, AD 79, the people of Pompeii and Herculaneum were caught in the midst of daily activities.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ Book Barker: "In this book about the AD 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the focus is on the bodies.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
.^ This is an area where many people cannot live.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What time does the volcano erupt?- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It has been destroyed and rebuilt on four separate occasions, including the most recent, World War II. Arrive at Naples and proceed towards the hill of Posillipo, from were you can enjoy spectacular views of the Gulf of Naples and the volcano, Vesuvius.- Naples and Mount Vesuvius Tour - Piazza del Plebiscito, Royal Palace, Basilica of San Francesco di P 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.isango.com [Source type: General]
.^ This ripe and teeming city is one of the most densely populated places in the world.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ NOVA: Downwind/Downstream - Poison in the Rockies NOVA: Mystery of the Senses - Hearing Through this video we travel around the world to some of the most remote regions...- NOVA: Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius (1998) - Synopsis - MSN Movies 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC movies.msn.com [Source type: General]
^ Mount St. Helens is located on the Cascade Range (of which Mount Rainier at 4392 metres is the highest), which is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire – the most volcanic active part of the world.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ So the book takes place over the 2 days prior to Pompeii being UTTERLY DESTROYED by Mount Vesuvius, plus the 2 days that the eruption lasts.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
^ Understandably, the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Vesuvius that buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in A.D. 79 attracted considerable attention.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In addition, many of the Greek and Roman references to Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields in Italy, Mount Etna in Sicily, the Lipari Islands, and Santorini near Crete contain descriptions of landforms and eruptions.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Origin of the name
Some of the theories about the origin of the name Vesuvius include:
- Heracles was a son of the Greek god Zeus and the queen Alcmene of Thebes. Zeus was also known as Huēs (Template:Polyonic) in his aspect as the god of rains and dews. Heracles was thus alternatively known as Huēsou huios, "Son of Hues." Transliterating the "ου" as "V" (as is normally done), and the other upsilons (with rough breathing) also by V (rather than the usual "HY") and changing to the Latin nominative ending "us", gives VESVVIVS – Vesuvius.
- From the Oscan word festf which means "smoke".
- From the Proto-Indo-European root ves- = "hearth"[citation needed]
Physical appearance
A view of the
crater wall of Vesuvius, with Naples in the background
.^ Monte Somma is the name of an ancient crater wall which forms a semicircular cliff to the north and east of the modern cone.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To the fourth group of Vesuvian minerals are referred those species that are the constituents of the various rocks of Monte Somma and Vesuvius.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ OLIVINE: a constituent of Vesuvius and Monte Somma leucotephrites; occurs also in the lavas of 1631.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Derivation of the name "Plinian" ("A Plinian eruption column takes its name from Pliny the Elder, a Roman nobleman and historian who died during the 79 A.D. eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy.."- # Pompeii and Herculaneum - Facts, Images & Maps 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.link-mail.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wilde Awards 2005 (Best Older Nonfiction): "The author writes clearly [about] the happening and history of the 79 AD eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ The following image and associated simulations illustrate the collapse of a volcanic column produced from a Plinian eruption of Vesuvius, such as during the A.D. 79 eruption which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ De Natale, G., P. Capuano, C. Troise, and A. Zollo, Seismicty at Somma-Vesuvius and its implications for the 3D tomography of the volcano, J. Volcanol.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Walking around the ancient city, reading up on its history, and thinking of its people -- wiped out in 79 A.D. by a volcanic eruption -- has me thinking a lot about warning signs.- Arianna Huffington: Why Visiting Pompeii Has Me Thinking About the Smoke Billowing Out of Our Economic Mt. Vesuvius 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.huffingtonpost.com [Source type: General]
^ Wilde Awards 2005 (Best Older Nonfiction): "The author writes clearly [about] the happening and history of the 79 AD eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ Anatomically modern humans probably appeared on Earth more than 100,000 years ago.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Monte Somma is the name of an ancient crater wall which forms a semicircular cliff to the north and east of the modern cone.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kircher described Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna, reviewed known volcanoes, and provided a general theory of volcanic action in terms of subterranean fire.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After examining the myths and legends surrounding volcanoes and earthquakes, I will begin to answer the question, “What is a volcano?” According the Maurice Krafft, a volcano is a three-part structure.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[6]
The height of the main cone has been constantly changed by eruptions but presently is 1,281 m (4,202 ft).
.^ Personally I find the Monte di Somma has an extremely menacing and frightening appearance from near by but am more worried about possible earthquakes.- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
.^ The core of Vesuvius exploded outwards and a combination of ash, lapilli, molten rock and lava flowed down the sides of the mountain towards the city of Herculaneum at approx.- Resurrecting Pompeii | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.smithsonianmag.com [Source type: General]
^ C. Sal Ammoniac fumaroles which occur especially where the lava flows covered vegetation, giving also a small quantity of ammonium sulfate and fluoride.- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Every time the volcano erupts, lava flows down the outside forming a new outer layer when it cools.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For Vesuvius is an active volcano.- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
^ The minerals that occur about Vesuvius, which now number more than one hundred and fifty species, may be arranged genetically into four groups: .- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Historic and contemporary photographs illustrate a richly detailed story filled with interesting tidbits - not least the fact that Vesuvius is still a danger to the more than one million people who live near it today."- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
.^ Convergent boundaries are places where plates are pushed together.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The students will also review the theory of plate tectonics and plate boundaries, focusing on convergent and divergent plate boundaries.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, it is a composite volcano that is located on a convergent plate boundary (place where tectonic plates are colliding together).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Its
lava is composed of viscous
andesite.
.^ Naturalists of the latter eighteenth century knew very well what lava, scoria, pumice, obsidian, and volcanic ash looked like.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The writers of ancient Greece and Rome provided descriptions of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions, suggested several causes for volcanic activity, and referred to emission products such as lava (ruax), scoria, pozzolana, and ash.- Sample Chapter for Young, D.A.: Mind over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology. 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC press.princeton.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The combination of ash and thick lava in the eruptions make the sides very steep.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Formation
.^ After a review of shield and composite volcanoes, the theory of plate tectonics and plate boundaries, the students will watch two videos.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The soft rock of the upper mantle moves slowly, forming convecting currents that drive the movement of great tectonic plates (Krafft 10).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There is, however, one exception to the plate-tectonic control on where volcanoes form.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The former was pushed beneath the latter, deeper into the earth.
.^ Miles below the ground the reservoir is filled with magma (hot melted rocks) and gas under high pressure.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We restrict our examination to the instantaneous elastic effects, although viscoelastic rebound of the lower crust or heated rock surrounding a magma body may modify the transfer of stress.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ The first thing I noticed was that Roshan had sent this email less than an hour after he left the studio (he left around 10 pm.- Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.ssqq.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On the contrary, those which grow on the side opposite to the sun, not being so porous, harden in drying, because the sun draws the moisture from trees no less than from the earth.- LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture — Book II 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC penelope.uchicago.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Hot water, being less dense than cold water, rises to the surface, where it cools, becomes denser, and therefore returns to the bottom of the pot.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ One or more vents allow the magma to rise to the surface where it escapes through the volcano’s mouth.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Giant smoking volcanoes stand in a row like the pipes of a cosmic organ through which the mighty breath of the earth blows its roaring music.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Then pass through the house and find Sophia in the garden, in the same place where she was yesterday.- Walkthrough: Pompei/Timescape 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC justadventure.com [Source type: General]
.^ The landforms (volcano) that we can see are formed by the volcanic eruptions (Adams 7).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Volcanic activity (usually forming shield volcanoes) is commonplace in these areas and may build up whole islands, such as Iceland.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The second section of the curriculum unit will explore several famous volcanoes from around the world and significant volcanic eruptions connected to those volcanoes.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Mount Ngauruhoe is situated between Mount Tongariro and Mount Ruapehu on North Island, New Zealand.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Location: Taranaki , North Island , New Zealand Elevation: 2518 metres Climb: Yes The Mount Taranaki is the second highest mountain on the North Island of New Zealand.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They did not realize that the black fertile earth they cultivated was a legacy of the mountain of the west -- a volcano that spewed forth destruction every few hundred years.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A second volcano crater has been forming at the southern flank of the mountain.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ From the other end, a "useless" immediate evacuation would produce a mistrust between the population and civil protection authorities and structures responsible for monitoring the volcano.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This chain of volcanoes is called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and marks the place where plates are pulling apart to form new ocean crust (divergent).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The minerals that occur about Vesuvius, which now number more than one hundred and fifty species, may be arranged genetically into four groups: .- Minerals of Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.minsocam.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several hundred micro earthquakes occurred on Vesuvius in recent years making this the most active period in more than half a century.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ NARRATOR: At the rim of this caldera only dimly visible is the edge of Naples, well within the reach of some of the forty small volcanoes that border the Phlegraean Fields.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Many are either extinct or have not erupted for tens of thousands of years.
Eruptions
An aerial photo of Vesuvius
.^ A tour of the historical city of Naples and a hike up Mount Vesuvius will make your Italian excursion truly a time to remember.- Naples and Mount Vesuvius Tour - Piazza del Plebiscito, Royal Palace, Basilica of San Francesco di P 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.isango.com [Source type: General]
^ Mount Vesuvius erupted violently on August 24, A.D. 79.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is a real tragedy that the Commission has been unable to support a highly relevant and timely volcanological project on Vesuvius while it supports with tens of millions of dollars many European volcano projects.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The mountain's summit is one of the best astronomical sites in the world and several leading observatories can be found there as a result.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Jungfrau is located in central Switzerland, in the Berner Oberland and is one of the best known mountains in the country, along with the Matterhorn.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wilde Awards 2005 (Best Older Nonfiction): "The author writes clearly [about] the happening and history of the 79 AD eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
.^ What time does the volcano erupt?- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The last large pyroclastic eruption was in 1631.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You have to be a little lucky to see the volcano in full glory as mostly there are clouds around the top.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Pliny the Younger was a scholar who watched the eruption cloud from eighteen miles away across the Bay of Naples, where he was staying with his uncle, Pliny the Elder (Van Rose 26).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Watching with him was his 17-year-old nephew, known as Pliny the Younger, who has given history its only eyewitness account.- Resurrecting Pompeii | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.smithsonianmag.com [Source type: General]
^ Wide margins set off the concentrated amount of information, including sequence details drawn from the writing of Younger Pliny, whose uncle died in the eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
[7] .^ The last large pyroclastic eruption was in 1631.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The AD 472 bPollenaQ eruption: volcanological and petrological data for this poorly-known, plinian-type event at Vesuvius.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ It also contains computer simulations of pyroclastic flows of medium and large scale eruptions of Vesuvius with and without engineering intervention measures aimed at diverting or stopping these flows.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ From relative safety, Pliny, the nephew of a naturalist, carefully noted the timing of the 18-hour eruption, the shape of the mushroom cloud, the showers of volcanic ash and rock.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Before AD 79
.^ Thirty-four thousand years ago a massive volcanic eruption formed this eight mile wide depression, or "caldera".- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Somma–Vesuvius volcanic activity.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The crumbled cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii were rediscovered three hundred years ago, and today are still being dug out from the deep volcanic blanket that engulfed them.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Chemical zoning and crystallization mechanisms in the magma chamber of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma–Vesuvius (Italy).- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
[8]
.^ They are usually the most violent eruptions, even if there are some intermediate eruptions with comparable VEI. Volcanologists distinguish between "open-conduit" conditions at Vesuvius, when eruptions are frequent but generally not explosive and lava is often visible in the volcano's central cone, and "obstructed-conduit" periods when lava is generally not visible and eruptions are rare but highly explosive.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Vesuvius activity in the period between the Avellino and Pompeii plinian eruptions, and some implications for assessment of future hazards.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ We keep fixed the time series of the volcanic eruptions, and generate 1000 synthetic time series of earthquakes, shuffling the interevent times between adjacent seismic events.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ The last large pyroclastic eruption was in 1631.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Derivation of the name "Plinian" ("A Plinian eruption column takes its name from Pliny the Elder, a Roman nobleman and historian who died during the 79 A.D. eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy.."- # Pompeii and Herculaneum - Facts, Images & Maps 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.link-mail.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wilde Awards 2005 (Best Older Nonfiction): "The author writes clearly [about] the happening and history of the 79 AD eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
The eruptions are named after the tephra deposits produced by them:
[1][9]
.^ A new model for the formation of the Somma Caldera.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Emperor Wu Di about 1,300 years ago.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma–Vesuvius.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ They are usually the most violent eruptions, even if there are some intermediate eruptions with comparable VEI. Volcanologists distinguish between "open-conduit" conditions at Vesuvius, when eruptions are frequent but generally not explosive and lava is often visible in the volcano's central cone, and "obstructed-conduit" periods when lava is generally not visible and eruptions are rare but highly explosive.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Because of this, my office received more that 3,000 phone calls and the mothers began looking for their children and preparing for the eruption.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I guess you won't be calling and begging for your job back when it gets better like you did a year ago.- JG-TC.com > News > More than 20 to lose jobs at Charleston's Vesuvius plant 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.jg-tc.com [Source type: General]
.^ In the towns below it, most people would not have known that Vesuvius was a volcano or that a Bronze Age settlement in the area had been annihilated almost 2,000 years before.- Resurrecting Pompeii | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.smithsonianmag.com [Source type: General]
^ Coulomb stress change on fault A caused by a 0.1 km 3 eruption from a 5-km-deep magma reservoir, as a function of the apparent friction coefficient and fault dip.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Along the seafront archaeologists in the 1980s discovered the remains of nearly 300 victims.- Resurrecting Pompeii | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.smithsonianmag.com [Source type: General]
.^ Centuries later archaeological excavations unearthed clues to the dwellers lives which lay buried under layers of volcanic rubble.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ Juneau Public Libraries " Thoroughly eerie and completely engrossing , this is the story of a few days in August, AD 79, when the thriving city of Pompeii was completely buried beneath many feet of pumice and ash.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ For the next twelve hours, pumice and ash fall from this cloud onto Pompeii.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10][5] .^ The last large pyroclastic eruption was in 1631.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wilde Awards 2005 (Best Older Nonfiction): "The author writes clearly [about] the happening and history of the 79 AD eruption.- Reviews: Bodies from the Ash by James M. Deem 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.jamesmdeem.com [Source type: General]
^ The damages from such an eruption would exceed those of A.D. 79 and 1631 when entire cities in the area were totally destroyed.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[11]
.^ The ancient naturalist Pliny the Elder was killed while observing the eruption in AD79 that destroyed Pompeii .- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
^ They are usually the most violent eruptions, even if there are some intermediate eruptions with comparable VEI. Volcanologists distinguish between "open-conduit" conditions at Vesuvius, when eruptions are frequent but generally not explosive and lava is often visible in the volcano's central cone, and "obstructed-conduit" periods when lava is generally not visible and eruptions are rare but highly explosive.- Nostro et al: Vesuvius eruptions and southern Apennine earthquakes 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC quake.wr.usgs.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Very interesting information about that amazing ...more As I've always had an interest in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and the resulting destruction of Pompeii, this book really hit the spot.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
.^ The coastal towns grew disproportionally where during the last 20 years proliferated a shameful abuse of the area.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The historical record describes a massive earthquake in 62 A.D. There are also signs that in the years and months that followed many other small tremors shook Pompeii.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On the contrary, those which grow on the side opposite to the sun, not being so porous, harden in drying, because the sun draws the moisture from trees no less than from the earth.- LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture — Book II 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC penelope.uchicago.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ From across the bay, a seventeen year old youth watched as Mount Vesuvius turned into a fuming monster.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ MACKDADDY wrote on Feb 5, 2009 12:19 PM: " It is clear that HerChild, medic57, and CHILL! have never been inside the Vesuvius plant!- JG-TC.com > News > More than 20 to lose jobs at Charleston's Vesuvius plant 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.jg-tc.com [Source type: General]
^ It is moreover said that in former times fires under Vesuvius existed in abundance, and thence evolved flames about the fields.- LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture — Book II 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC penelope.uchicago.edu [Source type: Original source]
Greenland ice core samples of around that period show relatively high acidity, which is assumed to have been caused by atmospheric
hydrogen sulfide.
[13]
.^ They did not realize that the black fertile earth they cultivated was a legacy of the mountain of the west -- a volcano that spewed forth destruction every few hundred years.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Full Synopsis NOVA: Garden of Eden Release: 2000 Two hundred million years ago, as the supercontinent of Pangea broke up, a tiny...- NOVA: Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius (1998) - Synopsis - MSN Movies 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC movies.msn.com [Source type: General]
.^ I was fascinated to read that in 73BC,Spartacus and rebel slaves took refuge in the seemingly dead crater.- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
.^ The mountain's summit is one of the best astronomical sites in the world and several leading observatories can be found there as a result.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The recommendations of these authorities to the Commission to support the interdisciplinary research VESUVIUS 2000 were, however, outweighted by a subjective review of only one very short paragraph.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But this time, I looked at the painting a couple of days after returning from a trip to Naples and seeing the mountain itself.- Seeing is believing at Vesuvius | Art and design | guardian.co.uk 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.guardian.co.uk [Source type: General]
Several surviving works written over the 200 years preceding the
AD 79 eruption describe the mountain as having had a volcanic nature, although Pliny the Elder did not depict the mountain in this way in his
Naturalis Historia:
[14]
.^ On May 8, 1902, Mount Pélée erupted violently, sending a super-hot cloud of ash, rock and gas (better known as a pyroclastic flow) directly into the city of Saint Pierre.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Location: Naples , Italy Elevation: 1281 metres Climb: Yes Mount Vesuvius is a volcano that earned its place in the history books in 79 AD, when an eruption covered the town of Pompeii under a layer of lava.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ From relative safety, Pliny, the nephew of a naturalist, carefully noted the timing of the 18-hour eruption, the shape of the mushroom cloud, the showers of volcanic ash and rock.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
) reported that fires had once existed abundantly below the mountain and that it had spouted fire onto the surrounding fields.
.^ Somma–Vesuvius and volcanism of the Campanian Plain.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Thus that which we call sponge-stone, or Pompeian pumice-stone, burnt from another species of stone, appears to be acted on by fire so as to possess a quality of this sort.- LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture — Book II 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC penelope.uchicago.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ The species of sponge-stone, however, thence obtained, is not found except in the neighbourhood of Ætna and the hills of Mysia, which the Greeks call κατακεκαυμένοι , and places of such description.- LacusCurtius • Vitruvius on Architecture — Book II 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC penelope.uchicago.edu [Source type: Original source]
[9]
.^ It can be reached by plane from Iqaluit , the capital and largest town on Baffin Island, reached in turn from other Canadian cities like Montreal and Ottawa .- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There were many small villages and towns on the surrounding islands.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This ripe and teeming city is one of the most densely populated places in the world.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Eruption of AD 79
.^ The two towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum went virtually forgotten until excavations began in the 18 th century.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It's amazing how much sheer power was released in from Mount Vesuvius in that one eruption!- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
^ So the book takes place over the 2 days prior to Pompeii being UTTERLY DESTROYED by Mount Vesuvius, plus the 2 days that the eruption lasts.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
The area had a substantial population which grew prosperous from the region's renowned agricultural fertility.
.^ Derivation of the name "Plinian" ("A Plinian eruption column takes its name from Pliny the Elder, a Roman nobleman and historian who died during the 79 A.D. eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy.."- # Pompeii and Herculaneum - Facts, Images & Maps 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.link-mail.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ NARRATOR: But how well does the extensive archaeological record in Pompeii support this understanding of the 79 A.D. eruption?- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The damages from such an eruption would exceed those of A.D. 79 and 1631 when entire cities in the area were totally destroyed.- VESUVIUS: The making of a catastrophe 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.westnet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ What can these victims reveal about the last hours of Pompeii?- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Scientists have been studying the area ever since to learn about the effects of the eruption and the return to life in the area (Lauber 24).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ So the book takes place over the 2 days prior to Pompeii being UTTERLY DESTROYED by Mount Vesuvius, plus the 2 days that the eruption lasts.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
The white ash produced by this eruption is mainly of
leucite and
phonolite.
Foreshocks
.^ Earthquakes often precede the eruption of a volcano.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, just opened its Pompeii and the Roman Villa: Art and Culture around the Bay of Naples exhibit this past weekend.- Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius on Flickr - Photo Sharing! 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.flickr.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ NARRATOR: But how well does the extensive archaeological record in Pompeii support this understanding of the 79 A.D. eruption?- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Some of the damage had still not been repaired when the volcano erupted.
[18] .^ There is, however, one exception to the plate-tectonic control on where volcanoes form.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, it is a composite volcano that is located on a convergent plate boundary (place where tectonic plates are colliding together).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And no one wants to know the answer more than the scientists charged with monitoring the volcano.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[19]
.^ Here was another headache to handle because I was in the wrong place at the wrong time.- Vesuvius 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.ssqq.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I read this book when it was first published but taking the time to listen to it being read has bought a whole new dimension to the story.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
^ Location: Naples , Italy Elevation: 1281 metres Climb: Yes Mount Vesuvius is a volcano that earned its place in the history books in 79 AD, when an eruption covered the town of Pompeii under a layer of lava.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Suetonius recorded that the emperor continued singing through the earthquake until he had finished his song, whilst Tacitus wrote that the theatre collapsed shortly after being evacuated.
Outbreak of the Vesuvius. Painting by Norwegian painter
I.C. Dahl (1826)
.^ On August 24, AD 79, these scrolls were suddenly covered by 65 feet of fast-flowing volcanic mud.- Wired 11.05: Tales From the Crypt 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.wired.com [Source type: General]
^ POMPEII.....BEFORE AND AFTER After visiting Pompeii, on a recent trip to Rome, I was eager to read something about that fateful day in August,79 AD, when Mt.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
^ The author quoted passages written by Pliny, an admiral and philosopher who lived during that time period, AD 79.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
[22] .^ And there is another warning sign -- frequent small earthquakes.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The word volcano comes from the Roman god Vulcan, god of fire.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Pompeii takes place several days before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.- Pompeii (Paperback) by Robert Harris - Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.goodreads.com [Source type: General]
The eruption devastated the region, burying Pompeii and other settlements.
.^ The word volcano comes from the Roman god Vulcan, god of fire.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[23][24]
Nature of the eruption
.^ Mount Vesuvius erupted violently on August 24, A.D. 79.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The last large pyroclastic eruption was in 1631.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Ottaviano eruption of Somma–Vesuvius (8000 y BP): a magmatic alternating fall and flow-forming eruption.- Earth-prints: Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC www.earth-prints.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ A moment later the heavier pyroclastic flow washed over Pompeii with a destructive of a tidal wave.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But in the early morning of August 25th, a surge of toxic gas overcomes Pompeii and asphyxiates all who remained.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.- Famous Mountains - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Immediately, it is followed by a ground-hugging flow of heavier ash and rock, which buries the city.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The flow of rock and ash that follows knocks down buildings and buries the dead.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[26]
The Two Plinys
Pliny the Younger
.^ The eruption was witnessed by Pliny the Younger who described the events in two letters to Tacitus.- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Pliny the Younger was a scholar who watched the eruption cloud from eighteen miles away across the Bay of Naples, where he was staying with his uncle, Pliny the Elder (Van Rose 26).- Volcanoes and Their Impact on Humans 10 January 2010 2:02 UTC hti.math.uh.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For insight into the events that destroyed Pompeii, Sigurdsson turned to an ancient document, the only eye witness account of 79 A.D., The Pliny Letters -- written by the youth who had watched the eruption from across the Bay of Naples.- Vesuvius Volcano Activity 18 January 2010 11:33 UTC cambodianonline.net [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[27] Observing it from
Misenum (across the bay, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the volcano) whilst his uncle was sailing closer, he saw an extraordinarily dense cloud rising rapidly above the mountain:
.