| Zunyi | |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
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Zunyi
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| Coordinates: 27°41′N 106°54′E / 27.683°N 106.9°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Guizhou |
| Area | |
| - Total | 11,877.7 sq mi (30,763 km2) |
| Population (2003) | |
| - Total | 7,338,000 |
| Time zone | China standard time (UTC+8) |
| Website | http://www.zunyi.gov.cn/ |
Zunyi (simplified Chinese: 遵义; traditional Chinese: 遵義; pinyin: ZūnYì) is one of the most important cities (Guiyang,Liupanshui and Zunyi) of Guizhou Province, the People's Republic of China.
Zunyi is a prefecture-level city in Guizhou province in southwestern China (People's Republic of China). The two main district of the city, known as HuiChuan and Honghuagang, have a population of around 800,000 people, and the whole region, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, has a population of approximately 7 million.
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Zunyi is located in North Guizhou province, situated at the side of the Xiangjiang River - a branch of Wujiang River. The altitude of the city is approximately 900 meters.
Zunyi is known for being the location where Mao Zedong was first elected to the leadership of the Communist Party of China during the Long March. After this famous "Zunyi meeting", Mao Zedong and other two leaders formed a group to control the procedure of the Long March. Chinese tourists come to take photographs in the meeting hall where this historic election took place (at the Zunyi Conference). This historical meeting hall once belonged to a local warlord and after being occupied by the Red Army served as the temporary headquarters.
Zunyi is the economic and commercial hub of the North Guizhou Province. The GDP of the city accounts for one quarter of the whole province among its 9 prefecture-level divisions.
Being known as the "home of culture" of Guizhou province, Zunyi, or the North-Guizhou area, is the education and Economics centre of the province.
Zunyi Medical College (ZMC), located in beautiful historical city of Zunyi , was the former Dalian Medical College which was founded in 1947. The College was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969. After 60 years development, ZMC has already grown into a comprehensive medical college with many disciplines.
ZMC has 19 undergraduate programs and 17 postgraduate programs. 52 branches of the college are qualified to recruit postgraduate students from all over the country, including Hong Kong , Macao , Taiwan and it can also provide master's degrees for students who have the same educational level as school graduates . Also the college is authorized to award the master's degrees to postgraduate students of clinical medicine and stomatology.
ZMC has 4 key provincial disciplines namely the Pharmacology discipline, the molecular biology discipline (immunology, biochemistry), the internal medicine discipline and the oral cavity clinical medicine discipline and two provincial key laboratories-Guizhou Province Cellular Engineering Key Laboratory and the Guizhou Province Fundamental Pharmacology Laboratory.
ZMC mainly consists of 5 teaching sectors, 9 departments, 89 teaching research sections, 42 laboratories, 21 research sections and 2 central laboratories. Also it has an independent institute - Medicine and Technical Institute of ZMC. The library of ZMC has a collection of 820,000 volumes, which is managed by advanced microcomputer system for the convenient data searches, and exchange data with over 600 colleges and universities all over the country. The college also has 7 affiliated hospitals.
Zunyi Medical College has a stronger rank of staff 2,000 currently, more than 550 professors and associate professors, 660 lecturers. The college also owns more than 250 teachers, who have got either doctor's degrees or master's degrees . They are the academic backbones of the college. 9 of them are among the list of the cross-century talents foster program and are regarded as the provincial outstanding experts. And 30 teachers enjoy national or provincial government special allowance. There is a well-organized teaching team which is composed of the scholars study abroad, doctors and masters and professors of young talents.
The motto of ZMC is: cherishing virtues and studying hard; looking for the truth and being practical.
Zunyi is known for being a place where Chinese leaders, including Deng Xiaoping, visited to enjoy its fiery hot local cuisine, including yangrou fen (spicy hot rice noodle soup with lamb and bean curd).
This is made with Lai fen, a kind of thick wide round rice noodle that is made locally (at a factory in the town of Gaoping), and is difficult to find elsewhere.
The rice liquor Maotai is brewed nearby, as is Dongjiu. The local beer Gaoyuan is quite delicious.
Liu Er Ma Mi Pi (刘二妈米皮): This snacking dish made with thick flat rice noodles is eaten by locals frequently as a light meal or to tide off hunger. The red oil sauce makes liberal use of Sichuan pepper giving it a distinctive numbing quality on the tongue. It also leaves a peculiar tickle in the back of the throat making it worth a try. Aside from the red oil sauce, it contains a few scraps of meat and preserved vegetables.
Yang Rou Fen (羊肉粉): Unlike its Guiyang cousin, this rice noodle dish dish is made using strips of mutton. Owing to the tastes of locals, yangroufen only comes available in a spicy broth. Addition of extra chilis during the cooking process is optional and you will be asked whether you want it or not. Yangroufen is rich and filling and often eaten for breakfast in Zunyi. Many shops remain open 24 hours making it a popular midnight snack as well. Pickled cabbage and radishes are available in the large glass urns in every shop - just help yourself. This dish is representative of Zunyi people who have a love affair with mutton.
NOTE: Mutton in China - the character 羊 (yang) means both sheep and goat in Chinese. As a result, 羊肉 (yangrou) is usually translated as mutton. Most often in Guizhou at least, mutton refers to the meat of the 山羊 (shanyang) which is a shaggy mountain goat raised for its hair and meat in the hills of the province.
Dou Hua Mian (豆花面): Interestingly named, douhuamian literally means "Bean Flower Noodles." It consists of Douhua which is a type of semi-firm tofu served in a semi-clear soup, long flat wheat noodles and a separate bowl containing preserved meat, spices, oil, soy, vinegre and fresh mint leaves. To eat as the locals do, place the bowl with the noodles and tofu behind the smaller dipping bowl. Pull out some douhua or noodles, dip them liberally in the sauce and then consume. At the end of the meal, finish off the solids in the dip and drink the soup from the douhua.
It is said that the local mountain water accounts for the quality of these locally-brewed beverages, although pollution currently threatens the water of the Chishui River, from which Maotai is made.[1]
Jin Ding Shan (金鼎山): About 20 minutes northwest of Zunyi, Jindingshan is a pleasant pilgrimage site for Zunyi residents. One can visit the mountain and return the same day although the majority of visitor spend the night in the village below the summit. Pilgrims rise early to try and catch the sunrise from the summit. There is basic accommodation available (dorm style rooms yearound or tents in the summer) for ¥10-15 per person. In the summer the village hosts local entrepreneurs selling various street fare. The scenery on the mountain is lovely and the temples themselves are interesting if a bit run-down. In recent year donations from the faithful have restored some of the temples. To get to Jindingshan simply recruit a minivan at the local bus station about 100 meters north of Gaoqiao. Taxis, minivans, buses and even locals on their way to market can be recruited for the ride back to town. View from Jindingshan View from Jindingshan
Loushan Pass Battlefield
Hai Long Tun Fortress
Song Tombs
Cishui scenic resort
Cishui scenic resort features five types of natural landscapes; waterfalls, immense forests of bamboo, groups of horse chestnut trees, 'red cloud' land forms and virgin forests, as well as the historic culture of the Long March. Its well-known scenic spots include Shizhang Cavern waterfall, Hushi Immense Forests of Bamboo, Jingsha vale Horse Chestnut, Shidong Vale Waterfall Group, and Ever-bright Moonlight Lake etc. This area is known by foreign and domestic experts as "City of Numerous Waterfalls", "Fatherland of Bamboo" and "First-rate Red Clouds".
Kingdom of Horse Chestnuts
As a lone surviving plant, horse chestnuts are attributed to the giant trees which were coexistent with dinosaur during Jurassic Period two hundred million years ago. On the verge of extinction, they are rare and, unfortunately, few places have the proper habitat to sustain these wonderful trees. Cishuijingsha is the only natural park in this province approved by tile State Council for the protection of horse chestnuts. With graceful peaks and ridges, old trees reaching to the skies, water tumbling down sheer red cliffs, it is an ideal place for ecological travel and scientific survey.
The Zunyi Conference Site
Located on Hongqi Road in the old section of Zunyi, this is a two-story wood and brick building, built in the combined styles of Chinese and Western architecture. In January 1935, the Red Army arrived in Zunyi on their historic Long March and held a conference of great significance there. Listed as a major cultural relic site under state protection, the building now houses the Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum. The slogans written at the time have been preserved.
Coordinates: 27°41′N 106°54′E / 27.683°N 106.9°E
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Zunyi (遵义; Zūnyì) is a city in northern Guizhou province, China. It is famous as a Communist Party history site as it was here that Mao Zedong became a full member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party.
Zunyi is largely overlooked by foreigners aside from the few residents employed by Britain's VSO and the US Peace Corps and a scattering of foreigners teaching English at some local colleges or high schools and a single private language school. As a result, outsiders are still quite a rarity here and staring is common as is hearing "Laowai" shouted everywhere you go. The city does attract large numbers of Chinese tourists however and the road in front of the Zunyi Conference Site can get congested from all of the tour buses.
The local dialect combines elements of Guizhou-style Mandarin with Sichuanese although all people in town should be able to understand Mandarin.
Like most cities in China, Zunyi claims a long history. It served as the seat of government power in northern Guizhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. During the 19th century, the walled city of Zunyi enjoyed prominence as a trading town but became a Chinese landmark after the 1935 Zunyi Conference. After breaking out of the KMT encirclement around the Jiangxi Soviet, the CCP and Red Army fled west across Hunan and into Guizhou. During the retreat they suffered extremely heavy losses due to the aggressive and direct military confrontation tactics favored by the pro-Soviet or Comintern faction of the CCP leadership. Arriving in Zunyi, the party convened an expanded politburo meeting during which Mao Zedong offered scathing criticism of the urban-insurrection and large-scale direct military tactics of the Comintern faction. When Zhou Enlai gave his support to Mao's position, the tone of the meeting, and indeed the Chinese revolution, changed.
With Mao and Zhou now in charge of military tactics, the next problem was how to escape a new KMT encirclement forming in the Daloushan mountains around Zunyi. Under Mao's leadership, the Red Army made a series of famous military manoevers of the Red Army to break out of the KMT encirclement in the winter and spring of 1935 without having to fight straight through. In order to break out, the Red Army crossed the Red River (Chishui) four times in a series of deceptions, feints, and counter-marches which enabled the bulk of the Red Army to escape into Yunnan. The prefecture surrounding Zunyi bears monuments to the Long March, the Chishui campaign and the revolution in Guizhou.
After the establishment of the People's Republic, a new era for Zunyi's development began. Under Mao's leadership, cities like Zunyi in the Southwest became home to a hidden heavy military-industrial infrastructure known as the Third Front. The purpose of locating heavy industrial and military factories in such remote areas was to create a base for military industry out of the range of US and Soviet bombers. In the event of war, even if eastern and northern China were overrun, the southwest could continue to support a mechanized military effort on the front while Chinese guerrilla armies harassed the invaders behind the lines. Mountains were hollowed out and heavy-industrial factories hidden in remote valleys. Zunyi's hills still contain many such caves and passages - which can be identified by the heavy iron doors leading into mountains.
Zunyi lies on the Guiyang-Chongqing rail line and can be easily reached from either city. A hard-seat only train runs from Guiyang to Zunyi and back two or three times per day. More expensive tickets can be purchased in Guiyang for trains travelling beyond Zunyi. This gives travellers the option of buying a bunk and taking a nap for the three and a half hour trip.
Buses regularly travel between Guiyang and Zunyi with the last leaving Guiyang around midnight. Daytime buses can be undersold meaning it is easy to have room to stretch out. Although seats are assigned by your ticket, no one objects if you sit in the empty rows at the back of the bus. The bus usually takes two to two and a half hours.
Although one can arrange to hire a car to travel from Guiyang to Zunyi, it is very expensive. The bus is likely to be just as comfortable and much cheaper.
Zunyi is a fairly small city but somewhat hilly. As a result you will see comparatively few bicycles. Walking is an option as most of the sights frequented by tourists are within easy walking distance.
Zunyi has a developed bus network although buses can get crowded at rush hour. At the time of writing (2008), Zunyi buses still had a rider whose job is to make change and shout the route of the bus in question.
Zunyi taxis cost ¥5 at flag fall and given the small size of the city, it is rare to pay more than ¥8 unless one is traveling at rush hour to locations well outside the city-center.
Zunyi exibits the same excellent snacks and specialties for which Guizhou as a whole (and Guiyang in particular) is famous. In Zunyi, three local delicacies are worth a mention:
Notice: As a less visited city, the staff at these hotels may or may not be able to speak English.
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